Why is Lixian County also called Jiuli?

In the magical and ancient land in the northwest of Hunan, there is a river that has been rushing for hundreds of millions of years, stubbornly and persistently going eastward, merging into Dongting, merging into the Yangtze River and heading for the sea. She is Lishui.

The earliest record of Lishui is found in Shuijing, the first monograph recording the river system in China, and the land of Lishui was named after Yugong. According to records, the main stream of Lishui is divided into three sources: north, middle and south. Mainly from the north, it originated from the Chinese fir community in Sangzhi County, with the middle coming from the eastern foot of Badagong Mountain in Sangzhi County, the south coming from Longjiazhai in Yongshun County, and the third coming from the Longjiang Estuary in Sangzhi County. After meeting, it flows south through Sangzhi and Yongshun to Dongna Darongxi, and then flows through Dayong Naru to Cilina. Go to Shimen to collect water, yellow water and warm water, pass through Zhangjiaqiao in Linli, enter Nadao Water, Laishui and Laishui in Lixian, and enter Anxiang and Changde at Xiaodukou, Shiguishan and Linjiatan. Below its small ferry to Hanshou Liulin is Lishui spillway. Lishui River spans 388 kilometers from Cunninghamia lanceolata in Sangzhi County to Xiaodukou, irrigating and nourishing 18,5 square kilometers of land. Along the way, like a loving mother, she took tens of thousands of small streams into her unrestrained and broad arms. In this way, due to the generosity of Lishui, this land that has been moistened by Lishui since ancient times has been deeply branded as "Li" since then. The Lishui source Sangzhi, Jingdayong (Zhangjiajie), ChuanCili, Lishimen, Linli, Tangli County, Dajin City, and Raoan Township have successively accepted eight first-class tributaries: Rushui, Suishui, Huangshui, Warm Water, Suishui, Suishui and Daoshui. Therefore, these eight first-class tributaries with the word "Li", together with the main stream of Lishui, are also collectively called "Nine Li", and then "Nine Li" has become synonymous with the Lishui River Basin, and the Lishui River Basin has become the "Nine Li" by convention.

The eight tributaries in the "Nine Li" have injected eternal vitality and eternal source into Lishui. Rushui originates from Longru Mountain in the northwest of Dayong (Zhangjiajie), with a total length of 6 kilometers, and flows into Li in the east. Lianshui is the largest tributary of Lishui, which originates from Qiyan Spring in Hefeng County, Hubei Province, passes through Sangzhi Si Yang Temple, Cili Jiangya and Xiangshi, with a total length of 22 kilometers, and flows into Lishui in the northwest suburb of Cili County. There are three sources of water in the north, middle and south, and the north source comes from Xiangriping, Wufeng County, Hubei Province, which is called Beixi River. Zhongyuan originates from Gaojiajie, Quanping Village, Nanzhen Township, Shimen County, and is called Quanping River. Nanyuan is divided into Qianhe River and Houhe River, and the former source is in Beiya, Nanzhen Township, Shimen County. Houhe River originates from Longmen Cave, Nanzhen Township, Shimen County, and flows downstream 8 times. 5 kilometers to the confluence of the two estuaries and the Qianhe River, and numerous streams to the Jinhe River, called Jinjiahe. Among the three sources, Houhe River, the south source, has the largest water volume and is the main river at the source of the water. The three sources successively joined the Longdong River in Jiangping Township, and then went down to the east, passing through Mud City, Huanghugang, Suoshi, Moshi, Yuangongdu, Yangquan, Zaoshi and Xinguan, with a total length of 165 kilometers, and merged into Lishui at Sanjiangkou. Yellow water originates from Huangshi Mountain in the northwest of Shimen County, named after the realgar in the stream, with a total length of 4 kilometers, and flows into the water along the city. Warm water originates from the lower stone of Yangfeng Mountain in the northwest of Shimen County, and it is more than 2 feet long. Because the water is boiling, it is commonly known as Hot Stream, with a total length of 75 kilometers. It will cross the river and flow out of Fish Creek into the water. Lianshui originated in Shimen county, and the swallow circle door shop in Shimen, Beiyuan; Aijiashan, a melon seed valley in Shimen, Nanyuan, has two branches that meet at Guanting Reservoir in Linli, flows through Linli and Lixian, reaches Wugongzui and Huanshui, with a total length of 6 kilometers, and flows out of the small ferry to join Lishui. The water is also divided into two sources, the north source is Lubai Rock Wall in Daji Shandong, Lixian County, and the south source is Yanzi Mountain in Shimen. After the two branches meet in Wangjiachang Reservoir, they flow through the big weir, reach Wugongzui and hydrate, with a total length of 114 kilometers, and exit the small ferry to join the Lishui River. Daoshui is also divided into two sources: north and south. The north source comes from Taozixi area in Cili County, which is a combination of streams and springs. It originates from Wulei Mountain in Cili County in the south, and the two branches meet at Guangfu Bridge in Shimen County, and then flow through Linli, Lixian and Jinshi, and reach Daohekou to join Lishui, with a total length of 11 kilometers. In this way, after three large flows, Lishui went all the way east.

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So, when did "Jiuli" actually originate? According to the Records of Lizhou in Zhili, "Yugong: Jing and Hengyang only lived in Jingzhou, Jianghan Dynasty lived in the sea, and Jiujiang (Dongting) lived in Kong and Yin. Minshan leads the river, and the east is Tuo (Tuoshui), which originates from Shibeiya, Chuanshanhe Township, Shimen County, passes through Taiping, Ziliang and Shuitiangang, and enters the water in Dahezhou. The total length is 45. 5 kilometers), and east to Li; After crossing Jiujiang, as for Dongling (Yueyang), I'm afraid it's hard to make it more accurate. However, the fact that people live by water, after a series of excavations and demonstrations by archaeologists, completely proves that "Jiuli" once bred and created the ancient and splendid civilization and the glory of the Chinese nation on this land.

In p>1964, the excavation of Zaoshi cultural remains on the east bank of Qinshui was named "Zaoshi Subculture" by archaeologists, which unveiled the ancient civilization in Lishui River Basin and was later named "Zaoshi Subculture" by archaeologists. In 1977, archaeologists discovered the ancient site of Tangjiagang in Liujiazui Village, an xiang. Then in 1986, archaeologists discovered artificially cultivated rice 9, years ago in Pengtoushan ancient cultural site, which broke the traditional concept that "China cultivated rice originated in India" and rewrote the history of human civilization. In 1991, the ancient cultural site of Chengtou Mountain was excavated by the Lianshui ancient road, which made Chengtou Mountain, an ancient city 6, years ago, show the charm of the first ancient city in China, reappear the primitive clan society at the beginning of the birth of class and country, family and society, and show the great progress and turning point of human society. At the same time, the ancient rice fields that archaeologists had only seen ancient rice grains and searched hard finally appeared in Chengtou Mountain, but they were killed. In 25, the further excavation of Tiger Claw Mountain, an early typical representative of Lishui River basin culture group, which is located next to the main river in the lower reaches of Lishui River in Tianjin, made us lucky to follow archaeologists through time tunnel and see various stone tools made by our ancestors 4,-5, years ago. At this time, the ancestors didn't know that at the same time, Zhoukoudian in Beijing also had cavemen with the same wisdom, and they were the co-founders of the southern civilization and the northern civilization so far. Also, Tangjiagang Ancient Culture Site, Huachenggang, Baijiagang, Dagutai Site and Caijiaxi Kiln Site in an xiang; Song Yucheng site, Shen Mingcheng site and Zoujiashan site in Linli County; Located in Shimen County, the site of the ancient city dike and Yan 'erdong cave site; Luojiatai, Zhumo Bay, Real Ass, Shaojiazui and other sites in Tianjin; Located in Lixian County, the ancient city of Lizhou, Bashidan, Shiligang, Sanyuangong ruins, etc ... These are all important parts of the cultural groups in Lishui River Basin, so archaeologists marvel that Lishui River Basin was once the core of the Yangtze River Basin culture, and the source of Chinese civilization went hand in hand with the north.

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People say that water is spiritual. What is spirituality? "Ci Hai" said: It is still smart. At this point, "Jiuli" is the most unquestionable and representative. At the beginning, it was "Jiuli" that gave birth to and created the splendor and brilliance of a series of ancient cultural sites in Lizhou, such as Chengtoushan Ancient Cultural Site and Song Yucheng City Site, and made them live vigorously. However, in order to prevent them from being lost in the long river of history, it was "Jiuli" that cruelly destroyed and buried the splendor and brilliance nurtured and created by herself. Those ancient cultural sites, whether in Zaoshi, Tiger Claw Mountain or Chengtou Mountain, were deeply buried in her ruthless swallowing. The ancient city of Chengtoushan was born more than 6 years ago, and suddenly disappeared one day 4 years ago, completely submerged by floods and buried in thick sediment. It is because of this ruthlessness and burial that the true historical traces of these ancient cultural sites have been recorded and preserved, and the miracle that these ancient cultural sites have been rediscovered has been achieved. It is only then that we have the honor to reveal the valuable information left by them in the process of gradual formation and perfection in the world for more than 2, years, such as land use, town construction, funeral sacrifice, handmade production, rice cultivation, class and country, family and society, and so on, so that we can have a conversation with our ancient ancestors. This inevitable choice of creation and annihilation, liveliness and silence is the best proof of the spirituality of "Nine Li".

At one time, the spirituality of "Jiuli" didn't stop there, but she wrote about the beauty of the scenery and people in the Lishui River Basin, which aroused people's admiration and admiration for this land. Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet, once chanted "Looking at Yang Xi Ji Pu" and "Leaving Yu Pei Xi Li Pu" in Li Sao. When roaming the "Ancient Road of Yang", he left a famous sentence "There is a zhi in Yuan, and there is a orchid in Li", which won the reputation of "Lanjiang" for Lishui and made the land of Li and Yuan famous. Xiong Wan, the son of King Xiang of Chu, always missed the homeland of Chu during his nine-year hostage career in Qin State, leaving behind his works of grief and indignation. Lu Zhaolin, a politician and poet known as "one of the four outstanding figures in the early Tang Dynasty", wrote the beautiful scenery of "the river facing the sun and writing the moonlight clearly". Cen Can, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Jiangling, Hubei Province. Because he admired the beauty of Lizhou, he used to be proud that "you go to the north of Lishui and my home is in the west of Lishui". Liu Zongyuan, one of the "Eight Masters of Tang and Song Dynasties", left a famous sentence: "From the Han Dynasty to the South, the beauty of the state, seventeen or eight, Mo Ruoli". Even Yuan Zongdao, a writer in the Ming Dynasty, expressed his love for Lizhou with the wish of "moving home to Lishui".

Perhaps, before the famous painter Wu Guanzhong published the beautiful prose bred in an inner chamber, with no one knowing her in January 198, and recommended the scenic pearl Zhangjiajie to the world, Qu Yuan, Liu Zongyuan and others did not appreciate the wonderful scenery of Zhangjiajie created by the miraculous craftsmanship of Lishui, but they had a heartfelt longing for the landscape of Lizhou, which was caused by its unique scenic beauty, natural beauty and humanistic beauty. Today, when people pay more and more attention to the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, it is a historical necessity for Mr. Wu Guanzhong, CCTV's "story of the yangtze river" and "Talk about the Yangtze River" program groups to push the beautiful Lishui River to the whole country and the world. Therefore, it is only natural that Wulingyuan Scenic Area, which is located at the source of Lishui River, has risen rapidly and been listed in the World Heritage List, making it a world-famous tourist attraction. Later, the following national key cultural relics protection units were Chengtoushan Ancient Cultural Relics Site, Pengtoushan Ancient Cultural Relics Site, Baedang Ancient Cultural Relics Site, Yujia Archway, Badagong Mountain, a "rare species gene bank in the world", Hupingshan National Nature Reserve, Tianmen Mountain and Jiashan National Forest Parks, Jiashan Provincial Forest Parks, Tiangong Mountain and Huangshantou. As well as a large number of cultural landscapes represented by the Confucian Temple in Lizhou, Puguang Temple, Yuhuangdong Grottoes, the ancient city of Lizhou, He Long Memorial Hall, the Monument to the Starting Point of the Long March of the Second Army of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army, Lin Boqu Memorial Hall, Dingling Memorial Hall, Jiuxiwei Ancient City, xingguo temple Meihua Hall and Fan Zhongyan's Reading Desk, etc., are the highlights of decorating the "Nine Li".

People living in "Jiuli" grew up drinking and soaking in Lishui, and the spirituality of Lishui was endless and passed on to her people without reservation. It's hard for us to imagine how the ancestors who lived in Huzhao Mountain dug out all kinds of stone tools when the mode of production was very backward and there was no language or writing. When the ancestors living in Chengtoushan built the ancient city, what methods were used to locate the East-West Gate and the North-South Gate on the same horizontal vertical line, so that today, thousands of years later, Chinese and Japanese archaeologists are amazed at their superb mapping and positioning skills when surveying with the most advanced surveying and mapping instruments; How do you think of using the natural tributary of Lianshui River and artificial river to form a moat with strong protective ability? And make a unified plan for residential area, workshop area, farming area, sacrifice area, tomb area and water storage and water intake area in the city; Exquisite jade ornaments are polished, and holes as thick as hair are drilled for wearing. These amazing creativity and intelligence make us see that our ancestors left too many mysteries for future generations when they transformed nature and promoted social progress. This is the ancestor we can be proud of, the ancestor who drank Lishui.

Qu Yuan, one of the four famous cultural figures in the world, is a great man who initiated the "Chu Ci"; Song Yu, a great poet who is also called "Qu Song" with Qu Yuan; Shang Shu, the official department of the Jin Dynasty, Che Yin, who was read by Nangying at night; Tang Gaozu, the twelfth son of Tang gaozu, became Yuanze Li, the king of Peng, who had been studying in Lizhou for 16 years. Tang Xianzong Chun Li's son-in-law, Li Zhou La Shi Du Juan; Li Qunyu, the earliest late Tang poet who went to the whole country in Hunan, saved more than 26 poems in the whole Tang poetry; In today's Lixian No.1 Middle School in Mo Chi, Fan Zhongyan was famous in the Song Dynasty for "coming to the hometown of Wuzi (Che Yin) and learning from Mu Wenshan (Li Qunyu)" and "playing the firefly at an early age and reading diligently"; In the Song Dynasty, the imperial clan worshipped Zhao Yanruo, a bachelor of Hanlin and a minister of rites. Hao Xixian, the champion of Yuan Dynasty; Li Rugui, an honest official of the people in Lizhou, was the official of the Ming Dynasty to two ministers. After Zhu Yuanzhang, the king of Huayang, who lasted for 11 generations in Li, reached 221 years; Li Zicheng, who lives in seclusion, and his wife Gao Guiying, who has been sticking to Furen Village, Tiangong Mountain for 17 years; Jiang Yiwu, who fired the first shot to overthrow the feudal dynasty in China and was praised by Dr. Sun Yat-sen as "the founding father of the Republic of China"; Great proletarian revolutionaries Marshal He Long, Lin Boqu, Liao Hansheng and Yuan Renyuan; Ding Ling, a modern female writer and social activist in China, is famous for drinking and soaking in Lishui. It is no wonder that Gong Zhiming, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, once praised: "Li lives in the west of Dongting, aiming to be called a fairy cave house, and Liu Zihou is also known as the beauty of Nanzhou, so it is worthy of being a famous country of literature with integrity, articles, twists and turns, Song Dynasty and Che Wuzi."

It is the people of the Han, Bai, Miao and Tujia nationalities who live in the "Nine Li". They have made great sacrifices and contributions to protecting their country and defending the country in the harmonious coexistence from generation to generation. In the period of the new-democratic revolution alone, 15, people joined the Red Army with He Long, and nearly 2, martyrs died for the revolution. They are all heroic sons and daughters nourished by Lishui. At the same time, the people of all ethnic groups in "Jiuli" have interpreted and passed on their colorful folk customs and folk arts, which makes the land of Lishui full of vitality. Sangzhi folk songs, Lishui boatman's bugle, Tujia waving dance, Tujia dancing, Tujia brocade skills, Miao silver jewelry forging skills, and Jing Hexi in Lizhou have all been selected into China's "first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list". In addition, many folk stories and legends passed down by word of mouth have also injected more mystery, rich cultural development, imagination and profound humanistic heritage into Jiuli. One side of the soil and water supports one side of the people, which should be the spiritual gift of "Nine Li".