Seeking to review the exploration questions of physical chemistry experiments in junior middle schools

1. (Huzhou, Zhejiang, 20 10, 3 1) Nie Li saw a lot of bees gathering on the hive in a beekeeping farm, their wings were sluggish and they were still buzzing. She doubts the conclusion that "the sound of bees is produced by constantly vibrating their wings" in "100,000 Why". Where exactly is the place where bees make sounds? The following is Nie Li's main exploration process: ① Sticking the wings of many bees to the board with glue, the bees still make sounds. (2) Cut off the wings of many bees, and the bees will still make sounds. ③ Two small "black spots" were found beside the wing roots of bees. When bees make sounds, black spots stir up and down. (4) Pierce the small black spots of many bees with a pin, and the bees will not make a sound. Please answer: (1) The purpose of using many bees in Nie Li's experiment is. (2) We can draw a conclusion from experiments ① and ②. (3) "Punch out many small black spots of bees with pins" is based on this assumption. 2.(20 10, Guang 'an, Sichuan, 12) Zhang Jiang, a student from Shilin Middle School, brought his own equipment and actively explored the "imaging law of flat mirror". As shown in the figure, he first erected a flat glass on a horizontal desktop, then prepared two candles A and B with the same size and shape, and then stood the lighted candle A in front of the glass plate and placed the candle B in the back. (1) When Zhang Jiang did the inquiry experiment, it was _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2) The candle B he chose is exactly the same size and shape as the candle A of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (3) If candle A is moved to the mirror for a certain distance, and candle B is compared with the image of candle A, you will find the size of the image of candle A _ _ _ _ (options "bigger", "smaller" or "unchanged"). (4) If a light screen is placed at the position of the image of candle A, the image on the light screen will be received by _ _ _ _ _ (option "Yes" or "No"), which means that the image formed by the flat mirror is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (fill in "virtual" or "real"). 3.(20 1 1 Shandong Weihai, question 20) (1) When exploring the reflection law of light, Xiao Li conducted an experiment as shown in the figure, so that a beam of light EO stuck to the cardboard and shone on the plane mirror, and the reflected light of EO would be seen on the cardboard. The cardboard can't be folded back in the ON direction, and there is no reflected light on the surface of NOF at this time, as shown in Figure B, which shows this experimental phenomenon; In Figure A, if the light is in the opposite direction to the mirror, you will see the reflected light coming out in the OE direction, which shows that. (2) Figure A is an experimental device for Xiaoming's students to explore a flat mirror. Put the lighted candle in front of a vertical glass plate and you can see the image of the candle behind the glass plate. Xiao Ming moved a candle the same size as the lighted candle behind the glass plate. When it moves to A', it can be seen that it completely coincides with the image, so it can be concluded that after three experiments, the position of the corresponding point between the image and the object recorded on the white paper is shown in Figure B. What will you do with the information on the "white paper" in the next step and draw a conclusion? 4. (Anhui, 20 10, 19) The following figure is an experimental schematic diagram to study the refraction law of light; The experimental measurement data of different incident angles and corresponding refraction angles are recorded in the table below. Incident angle I 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Refraction angle 6.713.3/9.6 25.2 30.7 35.138.6 48. The experimental data are analyzed (the same experimental data can be obtained when light enters other transparent media from air), and the refraction law of light entering other transparent media from air is summarized (complete). A. Refracted light, incident light and normal line are in the same plane, which are located on both sides of the normal line respectively; B _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. (2) Please compare the experimental data quantitatively. Write down your new findings below: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 5. (Question 26, Quanzhou City, Fujian Province, 20 1 1) In the experiment of exploring the imaging law with a convex lens with a focal length of 10cm: (1) Put the candle, convex lens and light screen on the optical bench in turn, as shown in the figure. After lighting the candle, adjust the heights of the convex lens and the shading plate so that their centers are roughly the same as the center of the candle flame, so as to make the image appear. (2) When the distance between the candle flame and the convex lens is 25cm, a clear and true image can be obtained by moving the light screen, which is made by people using this principle. 6. (Guangdong Province, 20 10, 16(2)) When exploring the imaging law of convex lens, the focal length of convex lens is 10cm. ① Now, as shown in figure 16, put the convex lens, candle and light screen on the optical bench for experiment. If the light screen is placed at position C in the figure, it should be placed at position B. (2) As shown in figure 16, now a reduced image should be formed on the light screen. The candle should move and the light screen should move. (Fill in "left" or "right") 7. (20 1 1 Binzhou, Shandong Province,No. 19) In the experiment of observing water boiling, the operation process of measuring the initial temperature of water in a small beaker with a thermometer is shown in Figure A, and the thermometer reading when water is boiling is shown in Figure B. (1) There are (2) mistakes in the operation in Figure. According to the boiling point of water, we can judge the atmospheric pressure at that time (optional "above", "equal to" and "below") 1 standard atmospheric pressure. (3) After the inquiry, four students showed their own curves of the relationship between water temperature and time, as shown in Figure C ... Among them, the relationship between temperature and time in the process of water boiling can be correctly reflected. 8.(20 10 Jingmen, Hubei, 15) is an experimental device to explore the melting process of ice and wax, as shown in Figure A. Equipment includes: ice, wax, thermos bottle, test tube, beaker, iron shelf (with iron clip), stirring bar, stopwatch, thermometer and water. (1) Figure B is an image of temperature change with time (choose "ice" or "wax"). The thermometer shown in Figure C shows the temperature of wax at a certain moment, and its reading is℃. (2) In the process of melting ice and wax, if the test tube is taken out of the beaker, the ice and wax will stop melting. After the test tube is put back into the beaker, the ice and wax continue to melt. Explain that the solid needs (choose "absorption" or "release") heat when it melts. 9.(20 10m0 Xuzhou, Jiangsu, question 37) Xiaoming wants to explore what factors are related to the rolling speed of football (1) Xiaoming thinks that it is difficult to ride fast without inflating bicycle tires, so he guesses that the more inflated the football is, the more it rolls. (2) As shown in the figure, Xiaoming conducts an experiment on a slope, and he detects that the football is released from a static state at A and rolled 6540. After releasing some air, the football needle is released from the static state at point B, and it takes 10m to reach point C, which is 14s. The measuring tools that Xiao Ming needs in the experiment are stopwatch and. (3) The average speed of football in AB segment is meters per second. (4) Xiaoming's experiment has some shortcomings. Please point out one thing. 10.(20 10, Guang 'an, Sichuan, 14) In the experiment of exploring "the influence of force on the motion of objects", towels, cotton cloth and glass with different roughness were respectively laid on the horizontal desktop, so that the car slid down from the top of the inclined plane, and the distance that the car moved on the surfaces of different objects after sliding down from the same height was as shown in the figure. (1) During the experiment, the car rolled down from the top of the inclined plane every time, in order to make the car move on the surface of these objects. (2) As can be seen from the figure, the distance that the car moves on the glass is the longest, indicating that the greater the resistance the car receives, the slower the speed drops. (3) According to this experimental reasoning, if the surface of a horizontal object is absolutely smooth (that is, the car is not affected by any resistance), then the car will remain _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. 11.(2011No.30, Wuxi, Jiangsu) Figure A is the experimental scene when Xiaohua explores the equilibrium conditions of two forces. (1) Xiaohua will tie two pairs of dangerous lines (gravity can be ignored) on a small card across the pulleys on the left and right brackets respectively, and hang hooks at both ends of the lines to change the tension through adjustment. (2) When the small card is balanced, Xiaohua rotates the small card by an angle, and after letting go, the small card (fill in "can" or "can't") is balanced. The purpose of designing this experimental step is to explore. (3) In order to verify that only two forces acting on the same object can be balanced, in the case shown in Figure A, Xiaohua's next operation is: (4) When exploring the same problem, Xiaoming put the wooden block on a horizontal desktop, ignoring the experiment shown in Figure B. Students think Xiaohua's experiment is better than Xiaoming's. The main reasons are: a. the influence of reduction and friction on the experimental results; B. short books are relatively easy to obtain; C. the small card is easy to keep the balance in the horizontal direction; D. the small card is easy to twist; 12. (Guangdong Province, 20 10, 18) In exploring "sliding friction" (1), Xiaoming's three experiments are shown as A, B and C in figure 19 respectively. In the experiment, the wood block is pulled by a spring dynamometer and moves in a straight line at a uniform speed on a horizontal board (or towel). According to knowledge, sliding friction is equal to the indicated value of spring dynamometer. (2) When exploring the relationship between sliding friction and pressure, Xiao Ming came to the conclusion that "the greater the pressure, the greater the sliding friction" by comparing two sets of data in Figure 19. Do you think he came to such a conclusion by comparing two sets of data like this? . Your reason is:. (3) Please design an experimental data record table according to Xiaoming's three experiments. (4) By comparing the data of group A and group C in the figure, we can draw the conclusion of _ _ _ _ _. 13. (Hechi, Guangxi, 20 10, question 25) In the experiment of exploring "What is the relationship between the magnitude of gravity and what factors", as shown in figure 14A, hook codes are hung on the spring dynamometer one by one, and their gravity is measured respectively and recorded in the table below. Mass m/G 14. (2) The indicator of the spring dynamometer in Figure A is _ _ _ _ n；; (3) According to the experimental data in the table, draw the image of the relationship between gravity and mass in figure 14B; (4) It can be seen that the gravity of an object is. 14. (Hebei Province, 20 1 1, question 33) The following table is the relevant data collected by Xiao Ming when measuring the mechanical efficiency of a pulley block. (1) Please draw the rope winding method of the pulley block in the experiment. (2) Complete the data in the table. (3) Use the same pulley block to lift different weights to the same height. When the lifting weight increases, other extra work will be done (choose "bigger", "smaller" or "unchanged"). Further analysis shows that the mechanical efficiency of pulley block is related to the sum when the weight of moving pulley and rope is constant. (4) In the first experiment, the hook code rises by 0. 1 mNeed 1.5s, and the power is w ..15. (2011No.26, Lianyungang, Jiangsu) In the experiment of "Exploring the balance condition of lever", it is: In order to balance the lever in the horizontal position, turn the nut at the left end of the lever to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (optionally fill in "left" or "right"). (2) After adjustment, the first group is as shown in Figure (b) and the second group is as shown in Figure (c). You think the _ _ _ _ _ group experiment is better because _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _16. (Question 28, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, 20 1 1) In the experiment of exploring "What factors are the effects of pressure related to", Xiao Cong made some improvements to the experimental equipment, as shown in Figure 20, and put a sponge and a brick into an organic transparent box for the experiment. In the experiment (1), the pressure effect of brick on sponge was compared by observation. (2) To explore the relationship between the function of pressure and the stress area, you can choose two experiments (fill in the serial number). (3) Through the analysis and comparison of the three experiments A, B and C in the figure, the following conclusions can be drawn. 17.(20 1 1 Lianyungang, Jiangsu, question 27) The demonstration of Pascal's barrel-breaking experiment stimulated students' interest in exploring the influencing factors of liquid pressure. They designed an experimental exploration scheme as shown in the figure below. In figures (a), (b) and (d), the depth of the metal box in the liquid is the same. The experimental results show that the relationship between the liquid level difference on both sides of the U-shaped tube of the pressure gauge is H4 > H 1 = H2 > H3. In the experiment (1), the internal pressure of liquid is determined by the reaction. (2) In the experiment, the lowest pressure inside the liquid is a graph. (3) Comparing Figure A and Figure D, we can draw the following conclusions.