How did Suizhou, Hubei Province come from?

Prehistoric period

According to archaeological excavations, there was a group of ancient humans living and working in Suizhou 5,000 to 6,000 years ago. In June 1957, the cultural relics investigation team of the Hubei Provincial Commission for Cultural Affairs collected a stone tool made of quartzite in a mountainous area about 5 kilometers away from Suizhou City. After expert appraisal, it was confirmed that this stone tool was Paleolithic. This is the earliest Paleolithic relic found in Hubei and even the Yangtze River Basin.

Suizhou is rich in Neolithic sites and cultural relics. According to incomplete statistics, more than 50 Neolithic Age cultural sites have been discovered, and 3,000 Neolithic Age cultural relics have been discovered in recent years. Among them, the more famous ones are the Xihe Garden Site and the Sanligang Lengspiya Site.

The Xihe Garden Site is about 20 kilometers away from Suizhou City. The site is divided into upper and lower floors. The lower layer has not been excavated on a large scale because it was submerged below the water surface. Judging from the few relics unearthed, it has been confirmed that its cultural connotation is similar to the Yangshao culture in the Central Plains. The upper layer is the Qujialing cultural layer. Five house foundations were excavated in this layer, all made of red-burnt earth blocks, with wood-framed mud walls and thatched roofs. A large number of rice husks, cellars, adult tombs, children's urn coffins, and production tools such as stone knives, shovels, stone axes, and stone adzes used by people at that time, as well as painted pottery pots, cups, bowls, beans, bowls, cans, tripods, and basins were also discovered , pots, steamers, hollow pottery, jade beads and a large number of daily utensils and handicrafts.

The Sanligang Lenpiya ruins are about 40 kilometers southwest of Suizhou City. Not only stone tools such as ground stone axes, stone knives, stone sickles, and stone arrowheads were unearthed at the site, but also pottery such as sand-filled pottery, muddy gray pottery, and muddy polished black pottery were unearthed, especially painted eggshell black pottery. It was also found that There are a lot of red soil lumps containing rice husks. After expert analysis and identification, its cultural connotation includes two cultural relics, Qujialing Culture and Longshan Culture in the Central Plains.

About 5,000 to 6,000 years ago, the Shennong tribe of Emperor Yan flourished in Suizhou. Regarding the person of Emperor Yan Shennong, according to a large number of literature records and the research of current scholars, there is the "one person theory", that is, Emperor Yan is Shennong, and Shennong is Emperor Yan; there is also the "two into one theory", that is, in the early Spring and Autumn Period, Emperor Yan and Shennong were mentioned in separate documents. After the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou people merged with the Chu barbarians, and the most respected people in the north and south, Yan Emperor and Shennong, merged into the Yan Emperor Shennong clan. The process of combining the two titles into one was roughly completed during the Qin and Han Dynasties. There is also the "representative theory" and the "cultural hero theory", that is, Yan Shennong is an outstanding representative of southern tribal leaders in the middle and late Neolithic period, and is a "cultural hero" of the creation of the Chinese nation. Regarding the birthplace of Emperor Yan Shennong, according to a large number of historical records, there is the "Lishan theory", that is, Emperor Yan Shennong "came from Lieshan and was called the Lieshan clan, and now he follows Li Township." Lixiang is located in the north of today's Suizhou. This theory is true from generation to generation. There are also "Baoji theory", "Huayang theory" and "migration theory". However, the excavation of the Neolithic sites of Xihuayuan, Lengspiya, and Diaolongbei in Suizhao Corridor shows that Shennong of Emperor Yan had profound southern attributes. The Lishan area of ??Suizhou in the upper reaches of the Han River was the place where Emperor Yan Shennong arose and the center of his activities. Here, the Yandi Shennong tribe invented the primitive production method of slash-and-burn farming, the first agricultural production tools such as grass and grass, the first planting industry, the first pottery making, the first textile industry, the invention of medicine, boiled salt, and the first zither. It started as a market, pioneered the agricultural civilization of the Chinese nation, and had a profound and extensive impact on the gestation and evolution of the Chinese nation.

Therefore, in the struggle between the Xia people and the Sanmiao people, Suizhou became an important area of ??contention between the two sides. Yao, Shun, and Yu also formed an indissoluble bond with the Suizhou area.

"Yao released Danzhu". According to records in Shiben, Shangshu Yaodian, Hanshu Lülizhi Shijing, etc., Danzhu was the son of Yao. In order to conquer Sanmiao, Yao made his son Danzhu Yu Danshui a prince. Danshui is in the southwest of Xichuan County, Henan Province, at the west end of Suizao Corridor, including today's Suizao Corridor.

"Shun plowed Mount Li". After Shun succeeded to the throne, he adopted the strategy of "education first, then diversion" for Sanmiao, which initially improved the relationship between the Xia people and Sanmiao. Some Xia people moved to Suizao Corridor, and the legend of "Shun plowed Mount Li" emerged. Lishan is now Lishan in Suizhou. Throughout the ages, many relics commemorating Shun have been left in Suizhou. For example: there is the Temple of Emperor Shun on the mountain of Lishan Mountain, the field of Shun on the mountainside, and the Well of Shun at the foot of the mountain. According to the Records of Suizhou written by Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty, one mile south of Suizhou City there is a stele of Yi Jing in Shunzi Lane, where Emperor Guanghe of the Eastern Han Dynasty lived in his third year.

"Fangyu Shenglan" states that "the Shunjing stele is in Suizhou...it is said that the stele was built during the Qin Dynasty". Later, the Qin stele was destroyed, and new stele were erected in the Song Dynasty. This monument disappeared during the Anti-Japanese War and was rediscovered in Xujiawan next to the Zhenshui River in Suizhou City in 1996.

"Shun was buried in Jiuyi". Most original scholars believe that the Jiuyi Mountain where Shun was buried is located in Lingling, Hunan. However, according to Mr. Zhang Lianggao's many years of painstaking research, he believes that the Jiuyi Mountain where Shun was buried is today's Dahong Mountain in Suizhou.

"Yu defeated the three seedlings". After Yu succeeded Shun, he launched a larger-scale crusade against Sanmiao. "Mozi Fei Gong" records this war in detail. After this devastating blow, the Suizao Corridor, the northern frontier of Sanmiao, was the first to be brought under the direct control of the Xia Dynasty. The large number of pottery excavated from the Xihuayuan site in Suizhou that was earlier than the Shang Dynasty and later than the Longshan Culture is an archaeological reflection of Yu Zhan Sanmiao.

During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, Suizhou and even the entire Jianghan area were called "Southern Land". After Shang King Pan Geng moved to Yin, "Yin Dao was revived and princes came to court." During the reign of Shang King Wu Ding, he launched a campaign against Jingchu in order to conquer those who did not court. The Yin people's southern expedition not only took the Suizao Corridor, but also relied on military assistance from various states in the eastern Han Dynasty, including Zeng State. The ancient Zeng Kingdom was located in the present-day Zaoyang, Suizhou, and Jingshan areas. A Shang Dynasty tomb excavated in Liangjiafan, Xihe, Suizhou proves that the Yin people had basically controlled the Suizao Corridor long before Wu Ding attacked Jingchu.

After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, in order to plunder the most important material at that time - copper, they frequently sent troops to conquer the vassal states living in the Jianghan area. The Suizhou Corridor became a thoroughfare for the Zhou people to "capture gold", that is, it must passing place.

During the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the surname Jiang in the east of the Han Dynasty was from an ancient country - Li country. "Li State, also known as "Lai State", is said to have been founded by the descendants of the Lishan clan (ie Lieshan clan), with the surname Jiang. It was located in the area of ??Lishan Town, 20 kilometers northeast of today's Suizhou City. According to the bronzes of the early Western Zhou Dynasty According to the inscriptions of "Taibao Yu Ge", Li State was established at the end of the Shang Dynasty, and became a vassal state of Zhou in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, and had a close relationship with the Zhou royal family. In the fourth year of Zhaogong (538 BC), in order to strengthen its control over the Handong region, the State of Chu destroyed this powerful state that had been under the protection of the Chu people for a long time.

The feudal state of the same surname in Handong in the Zhou Dynasty - the State of Tang. According to the inscriptions on the early Western Zhou Dynasty bronze "Zhonghu", the Tang Dynasty was established in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and the document first appeared in the late Western Zhou Dynasty. Another theory is that the Tang Dynasty was located in the southeast of today's Zaoyang and northwest of Suizhou. The Tang Dynasty migrated from the north. Its surname is said to be a branch of the Zhou Dynasty, belonging to the Ji surname; another is said to be Qi, after Yao. According to "Zuo Zhuan: The Seventeenth Year of Ai Gong", in the early Spring and Autumn Period, the Chu Kingdom came into being. In the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period, the Tang State became a vassal of Chu. In the first year of Lu Ding (509 BC), Tang Chenggong met with King Zhao of Chu, and the greedy Chu Ling Yin Zichang took a fancy to his two Sushuang horses. After arriving, they detained him for three years. Later, the Tang people got Tang Chenggong's entourage drunk and stole horses to offer to Zichang, so that Tang Chenggong was able to return to the country. From then on, the Tang Dynasty had a grudge against Chu. In the fourth year of Duke Dinggong (506 BC), Tang Shen entered the country. The Wu-Cai alliance captured Chu's Ying capital. The following year, the Qin people sent troops to help the Chu people defeat the allies and regain the lost territory.

The great country of the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Zhou Dynasty-- - Suiguo. Among the vassal states of the Eastern Han Dynasty that were entrusted to the Zhou Dynasty, Suiguo was the most powerful. According to many historical records, "the country was founded in 1800 in the early Zhou Dynasty. According to the Chunqiu Jinghuan, 50% of them were later called great." The territory of Suiguo included the area east of today's Han River, south of Tongbai, west of Guangshui, and north of Zhongxiang and Jingshan. There is no clear record of the time when Suiguo was founded and destroyed, but according to "Che Yu·Zheng Yu", According to the analysis of documents such as "Spring and Autumn Period: The Sixth Year of Ai Gong", Sui Guo was established as late as the late Spring and Autumn Period, or perhaps earlier, and his country was destroyed by Zuo until the Warring States Period. An interesting phenomenon is that Sui Guo was destroyed around 328 BC. There are a large number of records in Sui State. For example, "Suihou Pearl" and "He's Bi" have the same name, and the South Pearl and North Bi are well known by children and elders. However, a large number of Zeng State cultural relics have been unearthed in Suizhou, and they have the same surname. , the same territory, and the same age, many experts and scholars have put forward the theory of "unification of Zeng and Sui", and there are also a few disagreements, thinking that Zeng Sui may have been destroyed, and later Chu established another Zeng Sui state in various places. The solution still needs new archaeological discoveries.

In the summer of 1978, archaeologists excavated a tomb of a king of Sui State in the early Warring States Period - Zeng Houyi - on the outskirts of Suizhou, the former capital of Sui State. tomb.

A large number of exquisite bronze ritual vessels, lacquered wooden wares, gold and silver wares, pearls and jade wares, various musical instruments, chariots and horses, weapons and textile clothing unearthed from the tomb not only show the glorious achievements of the culture in its heyday, but also represent the cultural heritage in many aspects. The highest level of culture at that time and even in the world.

The bronzes unearthed from the tomb of Zenghou Yi have the characteristics of large quantity, large size, weight, and fine workmanship. They adopt composite mold casting, split casting, casting, welding, lost wax method and other processes. It reflects that Suiguo's metal casting has reached an unprecedented height and has become a pioneering work in the history of my country's casting.

For the first time, 16 strands of thick strings, silk and linen interwoven fabrics, single-layer brocade fabrics and lock embroidery were unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Houyi, which reflects the superb skills of Suiguo's textile technology and is a breakthrough in the history of my country's textiles.

The many cultural relics unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Hou Yi are beautiful in shape and magnificent in decoration. Whether they are bronze sculptures, sculptures or paintings, they are all vivid and amazing. Their superb artistic level has become a wonder in the history of Chinese art.

The musical instruments unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng are the only ones that have been seen so far, with a complete range of types, a large number, and excellent performance. Among them, unearthed shengs such as the long-lost ten-stringed qin, five-stringed qin, and panpipes were discovered for the first time, and bamboo reeds were discovered. It was through the study of Chinese sheng reeds that modern European musicians and physicists invented the accordion and harmonica. The complete set of chimes unearthed from this tomb can play a seven-tone scale, thus dispelling the doubts of foreign scholars about whether the musical instruments in my country's pre-Qin period had a seven-tone scale. The inscriptions on the bell chime of Marquis Yi of Zeng record the music theory knowledge of the pre-Qin Dynasty, especially the complete twelve chromatic scales. It is the earliest fixed-tuned instrument with twelve chromatic scales in the world. The emergence of Zeng Houyi's musical instrument is an unprecedented "sound" in the history of music in China and the world.

On the lid of a suitcase unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, there are pictures of a blue dragon, a white tiger, and an astronomical picture of the twenty-eight constellations on both ends. This is the earliest record of all the names of the twenty-eight constellations in my country so far, and it has become the earliest record of the Chinese astronomy. A landmark in history.

Ji Liang, a native of Suiguodu, was born in the early Spring and Autumn Period. Around the middle of the second century BC, he began to appear on the political stage of Sui State. While he was assisting King Sui in governing the country, he worked hard to govern the country, cultivate state affairs internally, build good relationships with neighbors externally, and achieve outstanding political achievements. He was praised by later generations as "the great sage after Shennong". After his death, he was buried in Yigang, the eastern suburb of Suizhou City. A tomb and shrine was built, which was respected by later generations.

Ji Liang’s outstanding philosophical thoughts, political thoughts and military thoughts still shine through time and space. Among them, "the people are the rulers of God" is the essence of Ji Liang's philosophical thought; "repair politics and create a new country of brothers" is the concentrated expression of Ji Liang's political thought; analyzing the essence of things through the illusion, "give permission before fighting", "anger and then fight" His military thoughts and theories of simple materialism and dialectics, such as the strategic thought of avoiding reality and avoiding the truth and the political strategy of "little path and big lust" in which politics determines military affairs, established Ji Liang's position in the history of ancient Chinese thought. He not only became one of the pioneer thinkers of my country's Confucianism and ancient democratic "democratic" thought, but also worthy of being a pioneer of atheists and an outstanding military strategist in the history of our country.

Xu Xing, a representative figure of the peasant school during the Warring States Period, wrote the book "Shennong" under the guise of Shennong. The book expounds the ideas of monarch and civilian farming and emphasis on agriculture, as well as agricultural production experience and technology. "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" relatively completely and systematically preserved the contents of "Shennong" and became a precious document for future generations to understand the Shennong era.

Qin and Han Dynasties

In the twenty-fourth year of the Qin Dynasty (223 BC), Qin destroyed Chu State and Suixian County was affiliated with Nanyang County.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Ban Gu wrote "Hanshu" and "Shi Huo Zhi", emphasizing that food and goods "are the foundation of people's livelihood and emerged from the era of Shennong", which fully affirmed Yan Emperor Shennong's influence on agriculture and commodity circulation. ’s founding contribution. Many scholars and works of the Han Dynasty mentioned the Yan Emperor Divine Dragon, and their understanding of the relationship between the Yan Emperor Divine Dragon and Sui County Li Township gradually became consistent.

Zhang Heng, a great scientist and writer of the Eastern Han Dynasty, built a platform in the eastern suburbs of the county to study.

In the fourth year of Tianfeng’s reign (17th year) in the New Dynasty, there was a great famine in Jingzhou. Wang Kuang and Wang Feng launched a Green Forest Army uprising in Dahong Mountain in Suizhou. The rebel army used Green Forest Mountain as its base and persisted in the struggle for five years, and finally developed into the main force to overthrow Wang Mang's regime.

In the autumn and July of the third year of Emperor Dihuang’s reign (22nd year), Chen Mu and Liao Zhan from Pinglin (now Guchengfan, Liulin Town, Suizhou City) raised troops in Pinglin to respond to the Green Forest Army, known as the "Pinglin Army".

A large number of Han Dynasty tombs have been unearthed in Suizhou. The funerary objects include pottery warehouses, pottery manor models, pottery chickens, ducks, pigs, dogs, pottery pots, pottery horses, pottery carts, pottery figurines and iron farm tools. , five baht coins, showing the superb level of Suizhou's handicraft industry at that time. Among them, 1.75 tons of five-baht coins from the Western Han Dynasty to Wang Mang were unearthed from the ancient ruins in the northeast of Suizhou City in early 1994. The amount is amazing.

During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties

In the ninth year of Taikang (288), Sui and Pinglin counties were separated from Yiyang County and established as Sui County. Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, granted the title of Prince of Sui to the clan Sima Mai and called him the country of Sui.

In the second year of Tai'an (303), Zhang Chang, a native of Yiyang (today's north of Suizhou City), gathered hungry people to revolt. He defeated the Jin Cavalry Governor Jin Man in Suixi, conquered Jiangxia, and established Liu Ni (Qiu Chen). ) restored the Han Dynasty as the emperor, established the "Shenfeng" in the Yuan Dynasty, and became the prime minister of the country. Afterwards, they divided their forces to defeat Wuchang, attack Wandi, capture Xiangyang, conquer Jiangzhou, Changsha, Xiangdong, Lingling and other counties, and set up officials to guard them. Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty ordered General Ning Shuo to lead Nanman Colonel Liu Hong and Tao Kan to suppress the rebellion, and the rebel army was defeated. The following year Zhang Chang was captured and killed.

In the first year of Datong in the Western Wei Dynasty (535), it was promoted to a state with jurisdiction over counties and counties.

In the first year of Wucheng in the Northern Zhou Dynasty (559), Emperor Zhou Ming made Yang Zhong the Duke of Sui.

In the second year of the Elephant Period of the Northern Zhou Dynasty (580), Emperor Jing Yuwen Chan of the Jin Dynasty granted the title of Prime Minister Zuo, and Sui Guogong Yang Jian became the king, established Sui State, and commanded 20 counties.

Sui and Tang Dynasties

In the first year of Kaihuang (581), Yang Jian deposed Emperor Jing Yuwen Chan and proclaimed himself emperor on behalf of Zhou. He thought that he had been granted the title of Sui, and he took Sui as the title of his country. However, he disliked the word "Sui" and "Zuo" beside it, and it also had the meaning of "Sui", so he ordered "Zuo" to be "Sui". This is the only time in Chinese history that the name of a prefecture and country that has existed long ago was removed from its radicals and used as the name of a unified dynasty in Chinese history.

In the first year of Kaihuang (581), Suizhou was changed to "Suizhou" and belonged to Handong County.

In the third year of Kaihuang's reign (583), Handong County was abolished, and Suizhou was led to Sui County and Juexi County.

In the third year of Daye (607), Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty restored Handong County to eight counties including Sui, Tushan, Angui, Shunyi, Guanghua, Pinglin, Shangming, and Tangcheng.

In the third year of Wude (620), after King Qin Li Shimin pacified the northwest, he launched an eastward expedition. In November, the Tang army captured Fancheng in Xiangyang. Xu Yifeng, the general manager of Suizhou, had lost his power and surrendered to the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, Wang Yu, the sister of Emperor Gaozu Li Yuan and the husband of Princess Tongan, was appointed as the governor of Suizhou.

In the first year of Zhenyuan (785), Li Xilie, the governor of Huaixi and the king of Nanping County, occupied Kaifeng and proclaimed himself emperor. The country was named "Chu", and his general Li Huideng took Suizhou. The following year, Yi Shen, the governor of Anzhou in the Tang Dynasty, attacked Suizhou. Li Huideng surrendered the state and served as the governor of Suizhou. In the next 20 years, "the government was quiet, the fields were opened, the household registration increased day by day, and people sang and danced".

In the fifteenth year of Zhenyuan (799), the Tang Dynasty promoted Suizhou from Xiazhou to Shangzhou. This was a sign of Suizhou's rising economic and political status in the late Tang Dynasty.

In August of the fourth year of Qianfu (877), the rebel army of Wang Xianzhi (also known as Huang Chao) conquered Suizhou and captured Cui Xiuzheng, the governor of Suizhou in the Tang Dynasty. The son of Li Fu, the governor of the South East Road of Tangshan, led his troops to rescue and kill him. . Later, the rebels withdrew from Suizhou City.

Song and Yuan Dynasties

In the fifth year of Qiande (967), Suizhou was renamed Chongyi Army according to the military structure. After Zhao Guangyi came to the throne, he was Taizong, and the name was changed to Chongxin Army. Suizhou was a strategic military location of the Song Dynasty.

In the first year of Taiping and Xingguo's reign (976), Sui Chongxin's army was renamed Suizhou and classified as Shangzhou. The tributes include silk, damask, kudzu, raspberry, etc. The development of Suizhou's silk weaving industry can be said to be second to none among the South Beijing Road.

In the first year of Yuanyou (1086), Lingfeng Temple (commonly known as Hongshan Temple) of the Tang Dynasty was rebuilt. In the first year of Shaosheng's reign (1094), the imperial edict appointed Monk Bao En from Shaolin Temple as the abbot of Hongshan Temple. The scale of Hongshan Temple became increasingly large. When the Jin soldiers went south, the temple was damaged. Some monks moved to Dongshan Temple in Wuchang. Dongshan Temple was renamed Hongshan Temple (today's Baotong Temple) and renamed Xiaohongshan Temple.

In the fourth year of Shaoxing (1134), the imperial court of the Southern Song Dynasty awarded the national hero Yue Fei the title of envoy to the north and south of Jinghu, Xiangyang Fulu, and Qihuangzhou, and was promoted to Taiwei, and the envoy to Hubei and west Beijing. . Yue Fei believed that Xiangyang and other six counties were the basis for restoring the Central Plains, and proposed that "the six counties should be taken first to eliminate the heart disease." After winning the battle of Yingzhou, Yue Fei sent Zhang Xian and Xu Qing to recapture Suizhou without stopping. After that, Suizhou became one of Yue Fei's base areas to "camp" and support the Northern Expedition.

In November of the second year of Kaixi (1206), the Jin soldiers defeated Suizhou and Xuan was recaptured.

In December of the following year, Jin soldiers defeated Suizhou again. There is a tug-of-war in Suizhou.

In April of the 10th year of Jiading (1217), Song general Liu Shiying defeated the Jin soldiers in Suizhou. The following year, the Jin army surrounded Zaoyang. Meng Zongzheng, the Suizhou general who defended Zaoyang, with the cooperation of the Suizhou defenders, forced the Jin army to retreat.

In July of the second year of Duanping (1235), Mongolian soldiers invaded Tangzhou, and Quanzi, the magistrate of Suizhou in the Song Dynasty, abandoned the city and fled. The following year, Mongolian troops occupied Suizhou.

In January of the first year of Jiaxi (1237), Cheng Zaixian, the military superintendent of the west of Jingjing in the Song Dynasty and the garrison in Suizhou, made great achievements in resisting the Mongolian troops in Dahongshan. Suizhou.

In February of the twelfth year of Chunyou (1252), tens of thousands of Mongolian soldiers attacked Suizhou.

In May of the first year of Deyou (1275), Fu Anguo, the prefect of Suizhou, surrendered to the Mongolian soldiers. Emperor Song appointed Zhu Duanlu as the prefect of Suizhou, and the state government was moved from the city to Huangxian Cave in Dahongshan Mountain. In December, the Mongolian soldiers broke through Dahongshan, and Zhu Duanlu surrendered. The Mongols appointed Zhu as the magistrate of Suizhou, and still used Huangxiandong as the prefecture's governance, leading Sui County and Yingshan County.

In the eleventh year of Zhizheng (1351), Ming Yuzhen, a native of Yusha Village in Meiqiuli, Suizhou (now Guchengfan, Liulin Town), gathered thousands of hungry people to build villages in Xianguang Mountain and Qinglin Mountain to revolt. They hunted and killed officials and gentry in Suizhou, Zhongxiang and Yingshan counties. Later he joined Xu Shouhui's Red Scarf Army and led his troops into Sichuan. In 1362, he proclaimed himself emperor in Chongqing and established the Daxia Dynasty, with the reign name "Tiantong".

Ming and Qing Dynasties

In the first year of Hongwu (1368), Suizhou was reduced to a county and belonged to Huangzhou Prefecture.

In the second year of Hongwu (1369), the governor Li Fu and others began to build Suizhou Brick City. The ancient city of Suizhou was divided into Tucheng (outer city) and Brick City (inner city). The Tucheng was built in the Yuan Dynasty, with a circumference of 5 miles and 45 feet and a height of 2.5 feet. It has eight gates including Jukui Gate, Handong Gate and Yubo Gate. The brick city has a circumference of 625 feet and a height of 2.5 feet. It has east, north, west gates and large and small south gates, all with gate towers. The south gate tower has a bell tower. 23 enemy towers and 950 female walls were built. During the Chenghua period, the city wall was built and dug, and during the Hongzhi period, a protective embankment was built. After generations of construction, the overall shape of the ancient city of Suizhou resembles the shape of an ancient chime when viewed from a high place, making it a masterpiece in the history of ancient Chinese urban architecture.

In the thirteenth year of Hongwu (1380), Lijia and Dingtian Fu were compiled, and Sui County was promoted to a state. Yingshan County belonged to Suizhou, De'an Prefecture, and was under the administration of Huguang.

In the fourteenth year of Hongwu (1381), the Academy was rebuilt on the ruins of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and education began to be emphasized. During the Wanli period, he moved to the main city and established Minglun Hall. In the ninth year of Shunzhi, the doctrine of the Ministry of Rites was established on the left side of Minglun Hall. In the 41st year of Kangxi's reign, the emperor issued a text to train scholars. In the 10th year of Qianlong's reign, the emperor issued an order to scholars named Ziwen.

In August of the eighth year of Chongzhen (1635), 11 peasant rebel armies including Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai fought fiercely in Suizhou City with Cao Wenzhao, the Ming Dynasty’s general military officer. They were transferred after the defeat.

In the winter of the ninth year of Chongzhen (1636), Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai returned to Suizhou and besieged Lishan and other market towns. Governor Wang Yangji of the Ming Dynasty led his troops to pursue them to Gushan Chong. His vanguard deputy general Yang Shien led 30,000 troops and fell into an ambush by the rebels at Sandaohe. Except for Yang Kai and his hundreds of cavalry who broke through, the rest were wiped out. On February 1, the tenth year of Chongzhen (1637), Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai's troops broke through the Nanguanxiang outside Suizhou City, and occupied Suizhou City in November. In December, Ming Dynasty supervisor Zhang Dajin and deputy general Yang Shien led troops to attack the city, and the rebel army broke through.

In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (1641), the rebels Zhang Xianzhong and Luo Rucai defeated Suizhou and retreated. On July 23, the rebel army Li Zicheng's troops broke into Suizhou City again. In the spring of the following year, Ming governor Song Yihe led troops to attack Suizhou, and the rebels retreated.

In the spring of the 16th year of Chongzhen (1643), Li Zicheng took Suizhou and appointed Wang Lu as the pastor of Suizhou. During the Ming Dynasty, 100,000 soldiers from the Beijing camp pursued the rebels. Then there was heavy rain in Xiaoba Mountain, and their clothes and armor were soaked with gunpowder. The rebels took the opportunity to rush in and kill countless Ming troops. Later, when the rebel army marched to Lishan Mountain, its right detachment captured Anju and captured Changqing Fort, where they stationed themselves to transport grain. The Ming army pursued them, and the rebels sacrificed more than a thousand people. The remaining troops joined the main force and evacuated Suizhou.

In the first year of Jiaqing (1796), Wang Conger (female), leader of the White Lotus Sect in Xiangyang, led an uprising. In February, the rebels entered Suixi to carry out guerrilla activities. In February of the following year, he moved to the north and retreated after losing a fierce battle with the Qing army on March 28.

In March of the fourth year of Xianfeng (1854), Chen Yucheng's troops of the Taiping Army surrounded Suizhou City and killed the Qing Xi'an general Zalafen.

In February of the 11th year of Xianfeng (1861), the Fan Chuan tribe of the Taiping Army captured Suizhou and built a city to defend it.

On October 1, the Qing army devised a plan and ordered the Taiping rebel general Liu Weizhen to use the order of the British King Chen Yucheng to trick the rebels into leaving the city, and the city fell.

Republic of China period

In 1912, De Yuheng Company tried selling foreign indigo in Suixian County, and gradually developed into the largest store specializing in foreign goods in the county. Foreign commercial capital began to penetrate the local market.

In the winter of 1917, Zhang Shaoshu, Ding Juequn and others who were studying in Wuhan joined the Progressive Youth Association organized by Yun Daiying and began to accept Marxism. In 1919, Zhang Shaoshu and others were sent back to Sui County by the Wuhan Federation of Students and founded the progressive weekly "Juejian". On June 24 of the same year, more than 300 teachers and students from the county-protected school were organized and mobilized to take to the streets to protest against the traitorous behavior of the Beiyang warlords and promote a boycott of "Japanese goods." In February 1920, progressive young people such as Zhang Shaoshu, Chen Zhongnong, and Zhou Yaoxian established the "Sui County New Culture Association" in Lieshan Academy to promote science and democracy.

On October 4, 1926, the county special branch committee of the Communist Party of China was established in Lishan Town, with Li Caiqi as secretary.

Between 1926 and 1937, Suixian County ranked first in cotton planting area and lint export volume in the province. The highest annual cotton planting area reached 10,000 acres, exceeding the cotton field area in Jiangxi Province.

After the April 12 counter-revolutionary coup in 1927, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Hubei Provincial Committee successively sent Zhang Xuewu, Li Fuchun, Wang Yifei, Lu Chen, and Ruan Fangzhen to the county to lead the Autumn Harvest Riots, and established the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. With the county committee, it is affiliated to the Central Hubei Special Committee.

From the autumn of 1927 to February 1928, the Communist Party of China successfully launched an armed uprising in Suibei and established three armed separatist areas of workers and peasants: Zhulin, Qingmai and Wushan.

From April 1931 to June 1932, township Soviet governments were established in Tongbaishan Soviet Area and Dahongshan Soviet Area.

In September 1936, the Hubei Provincial Bank established an office in Yushi Street, the county seat. In January 1937, it was converted into a branch. The financial industry in Suixian County has always been underdeveloped. In the early years of the Republic of China, although there was "Suiyu Bank" founded by Wang Hongzhang in the county, it closed down after only three months of opening due to insufficient funds. The establishment of Yushi Street Branch marked the beginning of the modern financial industry in Suixian County.

The Anti-Japanese War broke out in an all-round way in 1937, and the people of Sui County made valuable contributions in the arduous War of Resistance. In early 1938, the Communist Party of China County Committee was established to actively develop Communist Party members and progressive organizations and send young people to participate in the Anti-Japanese War. In November of the same year, the Central Hubei District Committee of the Communist Party of China was established in Changgangdian, Suixian County. On November 17, the Anti-Enemy Working Committee of the Henan-Hubei Border Region of the Fifth War Zone was established in Junchuan, Sui County. Tao Zhu served as special adviser, Shi Yuling served as director, and Li Fan served as deputy director.

On November 8, 1938, the Japanese army implemented the brutal "Three Lights" policy along the highway in Suixian County. After gathering all the men, women, old and children in the village of Feijiatun, Xihe River, in the rice field at the head of the village, they set fire everywhere and destroyed the whole village. There was a sea of ??fire, and more than 20 people were killed on the spot.

In February 1939, Li Xiannian led the independent brigade of the New Fourth Army and more than 160 accompanying cadres from Henan to Changgangdian, Suixian County, where he met with Tao Zhu and Yang Xuecheng, the leaders of the Central Hubei Party Organization. On October 4, Li Xiannian led his troops into the Suinan Luoyangdian, Liulindian, and Guchengfan areas, and the headquarters stationed at Jiukouyan (Sunjia Bay). The Hubei-Henan Border Party Committee of the Communist Party of China was established, consisting of 11 people including Zhu Lizhi (Secretary), Chen Shaomin (Deputy Secretary), Li Xiannian, Tao Zhu, and Liu Zihou. Li Xiannian was appointed commander of the Hubei-Henan advancing column of the New Fourth Army.

In April 1939, 27 Japanese planes suddenly flew over the Sui County Gate and bombed wildly. The county was a sea of ??fire. This time, the Japanese army dropped more than 150 bombs, killing and injuring more than 800 civilians. Not a single house in the downtown area of ??the county was intact. In May of the same year, the Japanese army suddenly surrounded Liangjiawan in Wandian and massacred more than 300 fleeing people at one time.

On June 4, 1939, in retaliation for the death of a Japanese soldier who asked for a "flower girl" by local villagers, the Japanese army dispatched troops from three strongholds to the Jintun area to clear the countryside and retaliate. The Japanese army captured 17 "suspicious criminals" in Fannon Bay, took them to Aononggang and shot them all with machine guns. They also captured 24 farmers in Wangjiawozi, tied them to Wangjiakou and shot them collectively; they also captured three anti-Japanese people from Ma Guanhua. The soldiers had their noses and ears cut off, five of them were bitten alive by military dogs, and seven were nailed to benches and tortured to death.

In June 1940, the Hubei-Henan advancing column of the New Fourth Army launched the Battle of Baizhaoshan and annihilated the stubborn Yang Biqing troops entrenched in Suinan Luoyangdian area.

With the declaration of the Nanbaizhaoshan Anti-Japanese Base Area, it soon became the command center for the Chinese Communist Party to launch the anti-Japanese guerrilla war in the Hubei-Henan border area. The headquarters of the Hubei-Henan Advance Column and its affiliated agencies moved to the Jiukouyan area one after another.

On February 18, 1941, according to the order of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of China, the Hubei-Henan Advance Column was reorganized into the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army, and Li Xiannian was appointed as the division commander and political commissar. On April 5, Li Xiannian led the entire army to take office at Jiukouyan and held a grand army founding ceremony.

In September 1941, Chen Shaomin, the head of the Hubei-Henan Border Region of the Communist Party of China, launched a water conservancy movement to build "Thousands of Ponds and Hundreds of Dams" in Suinan County.

From 1944 to 1945, Suinan and Xinying successfully carried out the "anti-mopping up" struggle with local armed forces. In February 1945, Taitaro Shikada, deputy commander of the Japanese troops stationed in Xihe, was shot dead by the Xiaodian Peasant Self-Defense Force.

In August 1945, Japan announced its unconditional surrender. In October, the Fifth Division of the New Fourth Army, which had been persisting in the resistance war in the Hubei-Henan border area, and the 359th Brigade of the Eighth Route Army used the southward detachment and the Songyue troops to form the Central Plains Liberation Army in Suixian County. They immediately launched a self-defense counterattack in Tongbai Mountain in Suibei and recovered A large area of ??land, with 8 county-level committees established within the county.

On the afternoon of January 7, 1948, the Jianghan Independent Regiment of the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated Sui County for the first time; on June 4, the Hanjiang Independent Brigade liberated Sui County for the second time; on December 17, the People's Liberation Army and the People's Liberation Army After successfully smashing the fifth "mopping up" campaign by the Kuomintang troops, Sui County was liberated for the third time. Immediately began the frontline support work to consolidate the liberated areas and the national character. According to incomplete statistics from Suibei and Suinan counties, the two counties dispatched 685,000 migrant workers, carried more than 30,000 stretchers, transported 6.4 million kilograms of military rations, made 15,000 pairs of military shoes, and sent 13,500 condolences during the pre-support work. It organized 87 wooden boats, 39,000 livestock, and transported 2,421 wounded people. It effectively supported the People's Liberation Army's cross-river operation and made valuable contributions to the birth of New China.

In May 1949, the Hubei Provincial People's Government decided to merge Suibei and Suinan into Suixian County, under the leadership of the Xiaogan Prefectural Committee (Agency); the Hongshan Prefectural Committee (Agency) was abolished. Hongshan County is under the leadership of the Xiangyang Prefectural Committee (Special Agency). On May 16, with the establishment of the county people's government, Li Bilie was appointed as the county magistrate. At the same time, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was established with the county committee, and South Korea was appointed as secretary.