What are the classifications of cold storage?

At present, there are eight main types of cold storage. The specific classifications and their definitions are as follows. 1. Classification by cold storage capacity

(1) Large cold storage: nominal volume greater than 20,000m2;

(2) Medium-sized cold storage: nominal volume between 5,000~20,000m2

(3) Small cold storage: the nominal volume is less than 5000m? 2. Classification according to refrigeration design temperature

(1) High temperature cold storage (constant temperature storage): the design temperature is 5~15℃.

(2) Medium temperature cold storage: The design temperature is 5~-5℃.

(3) Low-temperature cold storage (freezer): The design temperature is -18 ~ -25 ℃.

(4) Ultra-low temperature cold storage (deep cold storage): The design temperature is -45~-60℃.

(5) Quick freezing warehouse (quick freezing warehouse): The design temperature is -35~-40℃.

(6) Fresh-keeping warehouse (controlled atmosphere warehouse): The design temperature is 5~-2℃.

Reference material: China Cold Storage Alliance-2019 version of "National Cold Chain Logistics Enterprise Distribution Map" data report 3. Classification by warehouse structure category

(1) Civil cold storage

A place for low-temperature storage of frozen products using reinforced concrete frame structure or brick-concrete structure as the main building. It is also a type of cold storage with relatively high usage rate at present. It can be single-layer or multi-layer.

(2) Earth-covered cold storage

Earth-covered cold storage is also called earth-covered cold storage. It refers to a cold storage that uses masonry as the structure, is built on a non-frost-heaved sandstone layer or bedrock, and is covered with a certain thickness of loess for the insulation layer. The forms include single-hole style and continuous arch style.

(3) Cave cold storage

A cave cold storage is a place where refrigeration facilities are applied to a solid rock cave, and the insulation layer is built with the help of natural rock formations for low-temperature storage of frozen products.

(4) Jacketed cold storage

Jacketed cold storage refers to adding an inner jacket structure to the enclosure structure of a conventional cold storage, and loading cooling equipment inside the jacket. The cold air generated by the refrigeration system circulates within the jacket.

The cold storage with this structure forms a "cooling air zone", which on the one hand takes away the heat transferred from the peripheral structure, and on the other hand ensures that the temperature inside the storage is stable and there is not too much cooling capacity. loss.

(5) Prefabricated cold storage

Except for the ground, all components are prefabricated in complete sets in professional factories according to unified standards and assembled on-site for low-temperature storage of frozen products.

Universal Refrigeration Warm Tips: The prefabricated cold storage panels are steel frame lightweight prefabricated insulation panels, and the load-bearing components are mostly made of thin-walled steel. The inner and outer panels of the warehouse board are made of color steel plates (the base material is galvanized steel plate), and the core material of the warehouse board is foamed rigid polyurethane or pasted polystyrene foam board. 4. Classification by nature of use

(1) Production cold storage

Refers to a low-temperature storage frozen product place with large refrigeration processing capacity and a certain cold storage capacity. It is generally built mainly in food production areas. , several supply areas and fishery and agricultural bases. This kind of cold storage is mainly used for long-term storage of food or agricultural products after initial processing (cold processing, such as pre-cooling).

(2) Distribution cold storage

Distribution cold storage, also known as transit cold storage, refers to a cold storage used to receive and store frozen and processed food. Construction sites are generally chosen in large and medium-sized cities, industrial and mining areas with large populations, and water and land transportation hubs.

(3) Retail cold storage

Refers to the cold storage built in industrial and mining enterprises or large urban non-staple food stores and vegetable markets for temporary storage of retail food.

(4) Transit cold storage

There are two main types of transit cold storage:

One is built on a water conservancy hub to receive transportation from productive cold storage Comes with food. The refreezing ability is weak. Generally, food is stored for a short period of time and then transported to a distribution cold storage for further storage or exported directly.

Another type of transit cold storage is built in fishery bases.

What is different from the first type of productive cold storage is that this kind of productive cold storage has strong freezing capacity, can carry out large-scale cold processing, and plays an intermediate transport role before fish and other aquatic products enter the market. In addition, the transit cold storage platform has a large platform and strong loading and unloading capabilities.

(5) Comprehensive cold storage

The so-called comprehensive cold storage mainly refers to its powerful functionality, integrating production and distribution functions. It can meet the storage and cold processing of large-capacity products. 5. Classification by cold storage refrigerants

Ammonia cold storage: A cold storage whose refrigeration system uses ammonia as the refrigerant.

Freon cold storage: A cold storage whose refrigeration system uses Freon as the refrigerant. 6. Classification by storage items

(1) Drug cold storage: cold storage under low-temperature refrigeration conditions can prevent drugs from deteriorating and failing, extend the shelf life of drugs, and meet the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.

(2) Meat cold storage: a building that uses artificial refrigeration to maintain low temperatures in the warehouse and is used for freezing and refrigeration of meat.

(3) Blood cold storage: a cold storage that can be refrigerated under low-temperature refrigeration conditions (2℃-8℃) to prevent fresh blood and plasma from deteriorating and failing, and meets the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.

(4) Vaccine cold storage: cold storage that can be refrigerated under low-temperature refrigeration conditions to prevent vaccines from deteriorating and ineffective, extend the shelf life of drugs, and meet the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.

(3) Fruit cold storage: used for the storage and processing of fruits, using low temperature or controlling the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases in the storage. A storage method that inhibits the activity of microorganisms and enzymes and extends the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. There are two types of fruit cold storage: fruit fresh-keeping storage and controlled atmosphere storage.

(4) Vegetable cold storage: used for the storage and processing of fruits, using low temperature or controlling the content of oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases in the storage. A storage method that inhibits the activity of microorganisms and enzymes and extends the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. There are two types of vegetable cold storage: vegetable fresh-keeping storage and controlled atmosphere storage.

(5) Cold storage for medicinal materials: cold storage that can be refrigerated under low-temperature refrigeration conditions to prevent medicinal materials (biological and mineral Chinese medicinal materials) from deteriorating and failing, and meets the technical requirements of the Medical Supervision Bureau.

(6) Aquatic product cold storage: a cold storage used for frozen storage of aquatic fish and seafood, extending the shelf life and taste of seafood, and meeting the technical requirements of the Food Supervision Bureau.

According to the storage items, there are many types of cold storage, so I won’t introduce them one by one here. 7. Classification by structural materials and grades

(1) High-end cold storage

Definition of high-end cold storage: The insulation board material uses high-quality polyurethane (with flame retardant function, material grade A Above) low-temperature storage and frozen goods places built with insulation boards or high-quality stainless steel (frosted or polished material, material grade A or above) are relatively expensive.

(2) Low-grade cold storage

Definition of low-grade cold storage: The material of the insulation board is ordinary polyurethane (no flame retardant function) insulation board or high-quality stainless steel (no frosting or polishing) The price of low-temperature storage of frozen goods made of thermal insulation material) is lower than that of high-end cold storage.

(3) Fiberglass cold storage

Fiberglass cold storage: The cold storage is a low-temperature storage place for frozen products built with fiberglass insulation boards.

(4) Caigang Cold Storage

The definition of Caigang Cold Storage: The cold storage is a place for low-temperature storage of frozen products built with fiberglass materials.

(5) Stainless steel cold storage

Definition of stainless steel cold storage: The cold storage body (except the ground) is a place for low-temperature storage of frozen goods built with stainless steel insulation boards.

8. Classification according to application industries

Cold storage is widely used in a variety of industries. According to different application industries, cold storage can be divided into the following types:

(1) Scientific research cold storage : Cold storage used in the scientific research industry or university laboratories as a cold storage for scientific research and storage;

(2) Agricultural cold storage: refers to cold storage used for cold treatment and low-temperature storage of agricultural agricultural products after the initial processing;

(3) Industrial cold storage: refers to cold storage used for low-temperature storage of industrial chemical raw materials and industrial electronic products;

(4) Logistics cold storage: Logistics cold storage is mainly used in the logistics industry, for low-temperature storage of food. Cold storage;

(5) Medical cold storage: refers to cold storage mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry to store pharmaceutical products at low temperatures.

(6) Catering cold storage: refers to the cold storage used in the catering industry to store catering ingredients at low temperatures.

Reference materials: Classification standards and definitions of cold storage types - Universal Refrigeration Equipment Refrigeration Encyclopedia