Sweet potato introduction

Sweet potato (scientific name: sweet potato) is also called sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato, pillow potato. Common perennial dicotyledonous plants, herbs with slender vines and stolons. Root tuber, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, the skin color is white or red, and the meat quality is mostly yellow-white, but there are also purple. Besides being used for food, it can also be used to make sugar, wine and alcohol.

Chinese name: sweet potato

Mbth: Sweet potato.

Double name method: sweet potato

Field: the field of plants

Phylum: Angiosperm phylum

Category: Dicotyledonous plants

Objective: Solanaceae

Family: Convolvulaceae

Genus: sweet potato

Type: sweet potato

morphological character

Sweet potato (20 slices), also known as sweet potato, sweet potato, sweet potato and so on. It is an annual plant of Convolvulaceae. People from different regions are called sweet potatoes, Shanghainese Tianjin people are called sweet potatoes, Shandong people are called sweet potatoes, Sunan people are called sweet potatoes, Shaanxi people are called sweet potatoes, Sichuan people are called sweet potatoes, Guizhou people are called sweet potatoes, Beijing people are called sweet potatoes, Jiangxi people are called sweet potatoes, and Fujian people are called sweet potatoes. People in different parts of the same area have different names for it. For example, although most areas in Shandong are called sweet potatoes, the locals near Zaozhuang and Jining in southern Shandong are used to calling them "taro", while the real taro is called "taro". An annual plant of convolvulaceae. Creeping herbs, more than 2 meters long, lying on the ground. With underground tuberous roots, the tuberous roots are spindle-shaped with yellowish or purplish red skin. Leaves alternate, broadly ovate, 3-5 palmately lobed. Cymes axillary, bracts small, subulate, sepals oblong, unequal in length, corolla bell-shaped, funnel-shaped, white to purplish red. Capsule ovoid or oblate, seed 1-4. Tuber root is starch raw material, which can be eaten, brewed or used as feed. Widely planted all over the country.

Edit this planting history

Wild species originated in tropical America, and were successfully planted by Indians, with strong resistance to pests and diseases and easy cultivation. When Columbus first met the Queen of Spain, he presented the sweet potato brought back from the New World to the Queen, and Spanish sailors spread it to the Philippines. China was introduced from Luzon (now the Philippines), a Spanish colony at that time, and Chen Yi, a native of Dongguan, was first introduced to Guangdong from Annan. In May of the 21st year of Wanli (1593), Chen Zhenlong, a native of Changle, Fujian, was brought back to China from Luzon. After the trial planting, "just digging in April, the mother and son are connected, the big one is like an arm, and the small one is like a fist", which was strongly promoted by Fujian Governor Jin, and he wrote seven new overseas biographies. The book Agricultural Policy describes the planting method of sweet potato in detail. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica records: "Southerners use it as a rice and cereal meal, which is delicious when steamed ... while people in the sea live longer, so they eat sweet potatoes instead of whole grains." Chinese medicine believes that sweet potato can tonify deficiency and qi, strengthen spleen and stomach, and strengthen kidney yin. At present, it is widely planted all over the world. 1995 American biologists found that sweet potato contains a chemical called dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which can be used to prevent cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, colon cancer and breast cancer.

Edit the value of this paragraph.

nutritive value

sweet potato

According to ancient documents such as Compendium of Materia Medica and Addendum to Compendium of Materia Medica, sweet potato has the effects of "tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi, strengthening spleen and stomach, and strengthening kidney yin", which makes people "live longer and have fewer diseases". It can also tonify the middle energizer, promote blood circulation, warm the stomach and nourish the five internal organs. Contemporary Chinese Materia Medica says: "Sweet in taste and flat in nature. Meridian of spleen and kidney. " "Tonifying the middle and blood, benefiting qi and being holy, widening the stomach and relaxing the bowels. Indications: Spleen edema, sores and swelling, intestinal dryness and constipation. " Sweet potato is rich in starch, dietary fiber, carotene, vitamins A, B, C and E, as well as potassium, iron, copper, selenium, calcium and other trace elements 10 and linoleic acid. With high nutritional value, it is called the most balanced healthy food by nutritionists. These substances can maintain the elasticity of blood vessels and are very effective in preventing and treating habitual constipation in the elderly. Unfortunately, most people think that eating sweet potatoes will make people fat and dare not eat them. In fact, on the contrary, eating sweet potatoes will not only make you fat, but also help you lose weight, keep fit, prevent sub-health, and relieve constipation and detoxify. Every100g of fresh sweet potato contains only 0.2g of fat, which generates 99 kilocalories of heat energy, which is about 1/3 of that of rice. It is a good food with low fat and low heat energy, and it can effectively prevent sugar from transforming into fat, which is conducive to weight loss and bodybuilding. Sweet potato contains a lot of dietary fiber, which cannot be digested and absorbed in the intestine. It can stimulate intestinal tract, enhance peristalsis, relieve constipation and detoxify, especially for senile constipation. Pay attention to steaming and cooking sweet potatoes. Eating sweet potato should not be excessive, and it should be used with caution for those diagnosed as dampness blocking the spleen and stomach and qi stagnation in traditional Chinese medicine. The list of 20 anti-cancer vegetables recently published by the National Cancer Research Center of Japan is: sweet potato, asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, celery, eggplant, pepper, carrot, cauliflower, rape, kohlrabi, mustard, tomato, Komatsu, onion, garlic, cucumber and so on. Among them, sweet potato ranks first. Japanese doctors found that the cancer inhibition rate of cooked sweet potatoes (98.7%) was slightly higher than that of raw sweet potatoes (94.4%) through a dietary survey of 260,000 people. The hospital in Philadelphia, USA also extracted an active substance-androsterone from sweet potato, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of colon cancer and breast cancer. Sweet potato leaves, that is, the tender leaves at the top of the stems of sweet potatoes after they mature in autumn. The results showed that every 100 grams of fresh sweet potato leaves contained 2.28 grams of protein, 0.2 grams of fat, 4. 1 g of sugar, 2.3 mg of potassium 1.6 mg of iron, 34 mg of phosphorus, 6.42 mg of carotene and 0.32 mg of vitamin C. Compared with ordinary vegetables, the contents of minerals and vitamins were superior, and the content of carotene was even higher than that of carrots. Therefore, the Asian Vegetable Research Center listed sweet potato leaves as a high-nutrient vegetable variety and called them "vegetable queens". Studies have found that sweet potato leaves have health care functions such as improving immunity, stopping bleeding, lowering blood sugar, detoxifying and preventing night blindness. Regular consumption can prevent constipation, protect eyesight, keep skin delicate and delay aging. In recent years, there has been a "sweet potato leaf fever" in Europe, America, Japan and Hong Kong. Food made from sweet potato leaves has even been put on the tables of hotels and restaurants. In China, there are no sweet potato leaves in city supermarkets. It is a pity that farmers throw sweet potato leaves and stems in the ground after harvest, or use them as feed for livestock. There are many ways to eat sweet potato leaves. Here is a brief introduction. Select fresh and tender leaf tips, blanch them with boiling water, and season them with sesame oil, soy sauce, vinegar, Chili oil, mustard and ginger juice. , to make cold salad, the appearance is light green, which can make people's appetite open. You can also fry sweet potato leaves with shredded pork, which is fragrant and sweet and has a unique flavor. In addition, sweet potato leaves can be used in soup or porridge. There are canned pickled sweet potato leaves for sale in Japanese market, and we can also add salt to make pickles and side dishes for auxiliary consumption. The disadvantage of sweet potato is the lack of protein and lipids, but today people are rich and no longer take sweet potato as their staple food, and their lack of nutrition can be supplemented by other diets. For example, eat milk and sweet potatoes at the same time, because milk is rich in protein and fat. sweet potato

Sweet potato is rich in sugar, protein, cellulose and vitamins, especially β-carotene, vitamin E and vitamin C, especially sweet potato is rich in lysine, while rice and flour just lack lysine. When sweet potato and rice flour are mixed, a more comprehensive protein supplement can be obtained. As far as overall nutrition is concerned, sweet potato is the best of all grains and vegetables. Europeans and Americans regard it as the "second bread", scientists in the former Soviet Union say it is the future "space food", and the French call it a well-deserved "advanced health food". Sweet potato contains much more lysine than rice and white flour, and is also rich in carotene, which can promote the normal maturation of epithelial cells, inhibit the abnormal differentiation of epithelial cells, eliminate oxygen free radicals with carcinogenic effect, prevent carcinogens from combining with protein in the nucleus, and promote human immunity. Eating sweet potatoes should be scientific, otherwise it will be difficult to digest after eating, and there will be abdominal distension, heartburn, burping, pantothenic acid, exhaust and other discomfort. Sweet potatoes must be steamed and cooked thoroughly. First, because the cell membrane of starch in sweet potato is not destroyed by high temperature, it is difficult to digest; Second, the "gasification enzyme" in sweet potato will not be destroyed by high temperature, and it will cause discomfort after eating. Children should eat more sweet potatoes in autumn to prevent autumn dryness, but don't eat too much.

Anticancer effect

Recently, medical workers in China conducted a survey on the hometown of centenarians in western Guangxi, and found that all the longevity elders here have a common feature, that is, they are used to eating sweet potatoes every day, and even regard sweet potatoes as their staple food. Coincidentally, the list of 20 kinds of anti-cancer vegetables recently published by the National Cancer Research Center of Japan is: sweet potato, asparagus, cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, celery, eggplant, pepper, carrot, cauliflower, rape, kohlrabi, mustard, tomato, Komatsu, onion, garlic and cucumber, among which sweet potato ranks first. Japanese doctors found that the cancer inhibition rate of cooked sweet potatoes (98.7%) was slightly higher than that of raw sweet potatoes (94.4%) through a dietary survey of 260,000 people. The hospital in Philadelphia, USA also extracted an active substance-androsterone from sweet potato, which can effectively inhibit the occurrence of colon cancer and breast cancer. Sweet potato is rich in essential nutrients such as starch, vitamins and cellulose, as well as mineral elements such as magnesium, phosphorus and calcium and linoleic acid. These substances can maintain the elasticity of blood vessels and are very effective in preventing and treating habitual constipation in the elderly. Unfortunately, most people think that eating sweet potatoes will make people fat and dare not eat them. In fact, on the contrary, sweet potato is an ideal diet food, its calorie is only 1/3 of that of rice, and because it is rich in cellulose and pectin, it has the special function of preventing sugar from transforming into fat. Sweet potato is not only a healthy food, but also a good medicine for treating diseases. According to Compendium of Materia Medica, sweet potato has the effects of "tonifying deficiency and benefiting qi, strengthening spleen and stomach, and strengthening kidney yin". "Sweet potatoes are steamed, cut into sections, dried, and harvested as food, which is called potato food, which makes people live longer and less sick." Compendium of Materia Medica says that sweet potato can tonify the middle energizer, enrich the blood, warm the stomach and nourish the five internal organs. The Manual of Sweet Potato says that it has six medicinal values: treating dysentery and diarrhea; Treat wine accumulation and heat diarrhea; Treating damp-heat jaundice; Treating nocturnal emission with white turbidity; Treating blood deficiency and menstrual disorder; Treat infantile malnutrition. "Lu Chuan Materia Medica says that sweet potatoes can produce fluid to quench thirst and cure fever and thirst.

Sweet potato contains a lot of cellulose and pectin that are not easily destroyed by digestive enzymes, which can stimulate the secretion of digestive juice and gastrointestinal peristalsis, thus playing a laxative role. In addition, its rich β -carotene is an effective antioxidant, which helps to eliminate free radicals in the body. In fact, sweet potato is an ideal diet food. Its calories are very low, much lower than ordinary rice. You don't have to worry about getting fat after eating it, but you can lose weight. Japan's national anti-cancer research ranks vegetables with obvious anti-cancer effect, among which cooked sweet potatoes and raw sweet potatoes rank first and second. American biologist Arthur? Professor Schwartz isolated an active substance called DHEA from sweet potato. He injected this substance into mice fed with cancer and found that these mice lived longer than ordinary mice 1/3. A study by an American university found that there is a substance called dehydroepiandrosterone in sweet potatoes, which also has a definite effect on preventing and treating cancer.

Traditional Chinese medicine value

Sweet potato tubers come in different colors of white, yellow and lavender. It is cultivated all over China. Take it in winter, wash it, remove the fibrous roots and use it fresh, or slice it and dry it in the sun for later use. [Attribute] Sweet in taste and flat in nature. It can invigorate spleen, invigorate qi, moisten intestines, relieve constipation, promote fluid production and quench thirst. [Reference] Contains sugar, vitamin C, carotene (red skin and yellow heart potatoes contain more) and other ingredients. 【 Usage 】 Used for spleen deficiency and constipation; Lung and stomach fever, dry mouth. [Usage] It is suitable for both raw and cooked, and there are various ways to eat it. 【 Note 】 The raw and cooked properties of this product are different, as mentioned above. Among potatoes, those white hearts are slightly lighter in taste, but the quality is crisp and juicy, and they are better eaten raw. Yellow or red hearts taste sweeter, but the quality is tight and the juice is slightly less, so cooked food is better. "Don't eat any more when you are full, you will suffocate." (Compendium of Materia Medica) People with hyperacidity should not eat more. Eating more is acid reflux. People with spleen and stomach deficiency and cold should not eat raw food. [Attachment] 1, boiled sweet potato with brown sugar: 500g sweet potato and 60g brown sugar. Add some water to boil until cooked, eat potatoes and drink soup. From The Golden Potato Biography. Among them, it said: "Those who are hot due to internal injuries caused by drinking and drinking, and yellow due to heat, if they cook with this potato, their Huang Zi will definitely retreat." This modification can also be used for the adjuvant treatment of jaundice (viral hepatitis). 2. Sweet potato powder honey paste: dry red potato chips 100g, ground into powder and mixed with water. Boil until the fire thickens, add 50g of honey and cook for one hour. "Biography of Golden Potato" said: "Dysentery ... if it is caused by damp heat, ... steamed with this potato, often chewed with peony soup, or mixed with potato powder with winter honey, will also heal." This method can be used as an auxiliary treatment for dysentery.

Edit this food description

Sweet potato contains dietary fiber, carotene, vitamins A, B, C, E, potassium, iron, copper, selenium, calcium and so on. With high nutritional value, it is the champion of "Top Ten Best Vegetables" selected by the World Health Organization. However, it should be noted that sweet potatoes are also exquisite to eat. First, sweet potatoes must be steamed before eating, because the starch particles in sweet potatoes are not destroyed by high temperature and are difficult to digest. Second, sweet potato contains an oxidase, which easily produces a large amount of carbon dioxide gas in the gastrointestinal tract of human body. Eating too much sweet potato will make people bloat, burp and fart. Sweet potato has a high sugar content. Eating too much will stimulate gastric acid secretion and make people feel heartbroken. Because the stomach is stimulated by excessive gastric acid, the contraction is strengthened, and the gastric acid can flow back to the feeding tube, leading to acid vomiting. When eating sweet potatoes, it is best to match a little pickles, which can effectively inhibit stomach acid. Third, in addition, sweet potato contains a lot of sugar, which can't be absorbed by the body for a while, and the rest is easy to ferment in the intestine, making the abdomen uncomfortable. Chinese medicine believes that people with dampness blocking the spleen and stomach, qi stagnation and blood stasis should be careful to eat sweet potatoes. 4. The disadvantage of sweet potato is that it lacks protein and fat, but today people are rich and no longer take sweet potato as their staple food, and their lack of nutrients can be supplemented by other diets. All kinds of sweet potatoes

Sweet potato and persimmon should not be eaten at the same time in a short time. If you eat a lot, you should be at least five hours apart. If eaten at the same time, the sugar in sweet potato will ferment in the stomach, which will increase the secretion of gastric acid and precipitate and condense with tannin and pectin in persimmon to produce lumps. When the amount is serious, it can cause gastrointestinal bleeding or gastric ulcer. If you feel upset in the stomach, you must go to the hospital for gastroscopy to see if there is stomach bleeding or gastric ulcer. When is sweet potato best for health? Sweet potato lacks protein and lipids, so it should be eaten with vegetables, fruits and protein foods to avoid nutritional imbalance. Most importantly, sweet potatoes are best eaten at the prime time of lunch. This is because after we eat sweet potatoes, the calcium contained in them needs to be absorbed in the human body for 4 to 5 hours, and the afternoon sunshine can just promote the absorption of calcium. In this case, eating sweet potatoes for lunch can completely absorb calcium before dinner, and it will not affect the absorption of calcium in other foods at dinner. Why are old sweet potatoes longer than newly dug sweet potatoes? The water content has decreased a lot, and wrinkles have appeared on the skin. The decrease of water has a great influence on the improvement of sweetness for two reasons: First, the decrease of water evaporation increases the sugar concentration in sweet potato. Second, in the process of placing, water participated in the hydrolysis reaction of starch in sweet potato, and the starch was hydrolyzed into sugar, which increased the sugar in sweet potato. So we think the sweet potato with a long history is sweeter than the newly excavated sweet potato.

Edit the medicinal use of sweet potato in this paragraph.

1. Boiling sweet potatoes can cure heat jaundice. While using this diet therapy, patients should go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment in time to avoid delaying the treatment of severe diseases. 2. 250 grams of sweet potato leaves, fried with oil and salt, once eaten twice a day, can cure constipation. 3. Raw sweet potato leaves, mashed, brown sugar and belly button stickers can cure constipation. 4. Appropriate amount of dried sweet potato vine, decocted in water, can cure thirst. 5. Mix with sweet potato powder every morning and evening to treat nocturnal emission and stranguria. 6. Fresh sweet potato leaves 90 ~ 120g, boiled in water, can cure malnutrition and night blindness in children. [ 1]

Edit the relevant scientific research in this paragraph.

Dietary fiber is particularly valuable to modern people. Medical research has confirmed that the lack of dietary fiber with laxative effect can induce various lifestyle diseases and colorectal cancer. After the sweet potato is cooked, some starch changes, which can increase the dietary fiber by about 40% compared with raw food. The increase of various water-insoluble fibers can effectively stimulate the intestine and promote defecation. When people cut sweet potatoes, they will find a white liquid oozing from the skin. Mirabilis jalapa in this white liquid is "sweet" and has a slowing effect. The combination of dietary fiber and mirabilis jalapa has a good laxative effect. Modern medical research shows that sweet potato can scavenge active oxygen. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the causes of cancer, aging and arteriosclerosis. An experiment on mouse cancer cells showed that among 82 kinds of vegetable juice and plant components used in the experiment, sweet potato had the most obvious inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation. In addition, sweet potato can also inhibit skin aging. Animal experiments with mice have proved that chlorogenic acid in sweet potato can inhibit the production of melanin, which is considered to be the cause of freckles and senile plaques. Lack of protein and lipid is the disadvantage of sweet potato. Today, people no longer take sweet potato as their staple food, which can be completely supplemented by other diets.

Edit the cultivation techniques in this section.

biographical notes

Sweet potato is a crop with high and stable yield. It has the characteristics of wide adaptability, strong stress resistance, drought resistance and barren resistance, and less pests and diseases. When planted in a place with good water and fertilizer conditions, the average yield per mu of spring potatoes can reach 2000-3000 kg. However, due to the differences in natural conditions and cultivation levels, the output per unit area is also extremely unbalanced. In order to give full play to the yield-increasing potential of sweet potato and achieve high quality and high yield, technical suggestions for high-yield cultivation of sweet potato were put forward.

Seedbed seedling raising

Accelerating germination and raising seedlings is an important link in the whole anti-season cultivation. The seedling raising time should be appropriately advanced to the middle of February, and the seed potatoes should be moved into the seedbed in the protected field for seedling raising. The seedbed is protected by double-layer film, and the seed potatoes are arranged neatly. After a layer of fine soil is covered, a layer of plastic film is laid flat, and then a layer of film is covered on the arch frame to improve the ground temperature of the seedbed. Punch holes in the flat plastic film to guide seedlings in time to avoid burning seedlings in sunny days and high temperatures. 1 month, spray 1 time water on the seedbed every 7 days, and spray fertilizer and new high-fat film twice a week after 1 month to prevent the infection of germs and protect the seedlings from growing sturdily. (When the plant is as high as 15cm), cut a batch every 7- 10 days, spray fertilizer twice a week from 1 time, and appropriately increase the concentration to ensure the nutrient supply of regenerated seedlings.

Apply sufficient base fertilizer

Choose sandy loam plots, and combine ploughing in early spring to apply 2-3 tons of farmyard manure, 0/5 kg of urea/kloc and 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer.

plastic mulch

Plastic film mulching can increase the temperature and preserve moisture, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil and increase the temperature difference between day and night. Generally, sweet potatoes can be covered with high ridges and planted in two staggered rows, with a total distance of 60 cm, a coverage of 50 cm, a small row of 40 cm, and a plant spacing of 33 cm, leaving about 4,000 plants per mu. The height of the ridge is moderate. If the planting period is too dry, flat cover and flat planting can be used to facilitate seedling growth.

Timely early planting

Timely early transplanting and reasonable close planting: mid-April is the suitable time for seedling transplanting, and it is basically stable when the temperature rises in early spring all year round. The suitable time for sowing and seedling raising is after the end of late frost, when the ground temperature reaches 10cm or above 15℃, sowing can be done at the beginning of last winter or the beginning of the year, and furrows can be cleared when sowing. The side strip is 50 cm wide. In early and middle April, according to the seedling emergence speed of seedbed, the seedlings were sown in different stubbles, and the number of potato seedlings buried in the soil and the number of potato nodes were increased by straight-line flat planting. Insert 3500-4000 plants per mu with a spacing of about 33cm. Sowing time should not be longer than April 20, otherwise it will delay the harvest time and affect the transplanting season of continuous cropping late rice. Early planting is the key to increase the yield of sweet potato. Under suitable conditions, the earlier the seedlings are planted, the longer the growth period, the earlier the tubers, the longer the tubers, the higher the yield and the better the quality. Planting seedlings too late, shortening the growth period, few and small sweet potatoes, low yield and poor quality. The suitable time for sowing and seedling raising is after the end of late frost. When the ground temperature reaches above 15℃, plastic film mulching can be appropriately advanced (around mid-April), and sowing can be started. In order to improve the quality of seedlings and ensure the vigorous growth of seedlings, "old hard seedlings" and weak seedlings should be eliminated and selected. Sweet potato should be planted shallowly on the basis of ensuring survival, and the planting depth is generally 5-6 cm. When planting, the soil should be sealed and the depth should be the same, so that the leaves are exposed on the ground. When watering, the seedlings should be exposed directly, and the seedlings should not be exposed for too long to prevent strong winds from affecting their survival.

Tiantuan management

1. Management of rooting and slow seedling stage. The slow rooting stage is from the growth of new roots after planting to the formation of tuberous roots, which lasts about 1 month. After the sweet potato seedlings are fixed, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time to ensure the whole seedlings. After the seedlings are planted, in case of severe drought, they should be watered in time to make the seedlings take root and survive. Generally, it should be watered once after planting, and then cultivated once every 10- 15 days to loosen the soil, raise the temperature, eliminate weeds, and spray new high-fat film in time to promote the rapid growth of plants, which is beneficial to the formation of roots. 2. Management of branching and tuber formation stage: 30-40 days after planting, as the temperature rises, the stem and leaf grow faster and the tuber continues to expand, so water and fertilizer management should be strengthened in time. In case of drought, 5-8 kg of urea can be topdressing with water mu, and intertillage as soon as possible after watering. 3. Management of tuber expansion period, when the stem and leaf grow, the tuber expands and the leaf area coefficient reaches the maximum. This period is in the rainy season, with high temperature and fast plant growth. In order to prevent excessive growth, 50PPM paclobutrazol solution and Diguozhuangdiling can be sprayed evenly in the field, and it is best to cover the leaves with liquid medicine instead of flowing, which can promote fruit development and make sweet potatoes have high quality and high yield. During this period, underground tubers expanded rapidly. In case of drought, they should be watered, but the amount of water should not be too large. In order to promote tuber swelling, a bag of swelling agent (12) and 15 kg of water can be sprayed every 7- 10 days for two consecutive times. 4. Management of root swelling stage of stem and leaf decline. After the middle and late August, the stems and leaves will grow slowly until the late growth of sweet potato stops; Nutrients are transported to the root tuber, and the growth center is transferred from the ground to the underground. In management, stems and leaves should be protected to maintain normal physiological functions and promote the rapid expansion of root tuber. Management measures should be taken to ensure that the soil water content is 60-70% of the maximum field water capacity. If the weather is dry for a long time and the soil is dry, the stems and leaves will age prematurely, which will affect the formation and accumulation of carbohydrates and lead to reduced production. Therefore, a small amount of water should be poured in time, but it is not advisable to water sweet potatoes within 20 days before harvesting and planing. In case of autumn waterlogging, the sweet potato leaves should be drained in time to prevent hardening and rot, and the sweet potato leaves will enter the seedling stage before and after the summer heat. In order to prevent premature aging, prolong and enhance the photosynthesis of leaves and promote the hypertrophy of potato pieces, foliar fertilization was carried out. Half a catty of potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed with 30-40 kilograms of water and 800 times of new high-fat film is sprayed once and twice every 65,438+05 days, and the effect is better with swelling agent. 5. Choose the top one. When the main stem of sweet potato grows to 50 cm, pick the terminal bud in sunny morning; When the branches grow to 35 cm, continue to remove the terminal buds. This method can inhibit the overgrowth of stems and vines, avoid nutrient consumption, promote root system expansion, and increase yield by 20%~30%. 6, crack fertilizer. When sweet potato enters the swelling stage of root tuber, cracks will appear in the topsoil. At this time, 750~ 1000 kg of clean water manure and 500 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (5 kg of calcium superphosphate and 50 kg of plant ash can also be soaked and filtered with water respectively) are mixed in the manure and irrigated along the gap in the morning and evening. Filling cracks with soil after irrigation can increase production by 20%~30%.

Pen mepiquat chloride chloride

When sweet potato seedlings grow to 50~60 cm, spraying 10 ml mepiquat chloride or 20~25 ml growth promoter per mu can control the upper part, promote the lower part, promote the rapid growth of root tuber and increase the yield by 15%~20%.

Timely harvest

Sweet potato tuberous root is a vegetative root, and there is no obvious maturity standard and harvest time. But the harvest time is closely related to sweet potato yield, seed storage, storage, processing and utilization, and crop rotation. Early harvest will reduce the yield, and late harvest will be affected by low temperature and chilling injury. The best harvest time of sweet potato is 10 when the temperature drops to 15℃.

Edit the common processing methods in this paragraph.

Extra large sweet potato

1, black sweet potato crystal and its making method 2, processing method of making sweet potato or potato with stuffing 3, wintering cutting method of sweet potato vine sand storage 4, three-dimensional interplanting cultivation method of sweet potato and papaya 5, processing method of sweet potato food 6, sweet potato fresh-keeping powder and its making method 7, processing method of sweet potato food 8, making method of sweet potato puffed food 9, sweet potato slice and its making method 10, making method of sweet potato food/ Kloc-0/ 1, method for making sweet potato noodles 12, series of sweet potato foods and their making technology 13, method for making sweet potato vermicelli 14, and dried sweet potato 14.

Edit the starch processing section

Sweet potato processing

The technology and principle of mechanized production are as follows: production technology: conveying-cleaning-crushing-washing-screening-sand removal-precipitation (or concentration)-dehydration-drying-air cooling packaging.

First, the basic principles of cleaning

The function of cleaning: mainly to remove the sediment from the outer cortex of sweet potato and wash off the epidermis of sweet potato root. Cleaning fresh sweet potatoes or dried red potato chips as raw materials for starch production is the basis of ensuring starch quality. The cleaner the cleaning, the better the starch quality.

Second, the basic principles of piecemeal solution

Disintegration: Sweet potato starch is mainly stored in the fleshy part of root tuber, and only a small amount is stored in endothelium. The purpose of disintegration is to destroy the tissue structure of sweet potato, so that tiny starch particles can be disintegrated smoothly and separated from root tuber. Starch released from cells is called free starch; What remains in dregs cells is called bound starch. Crushing is one of the most important processes in fresh potato processing, which is related to the flour yield and starch quality of fresh potatoes. The requirements for rolling are: 1. Try to break the cells of fresh potatoes and release more free starch particles; 2. Easy to separate. We don't want the skin residue to be too fine, which is not conducive to the separation of starch from other ingredients and increases the difficulty of separating fine residue.

Third, the basic principles of screening

Sweet potato residue is a kind of slender fiber, with larger volume, larger swelling coefficient and lighter specific gravity than starch particles. sweet potato

Fourth, the basic principle of purification precipitation

The specific gravity of mud and sand is greater than that of water and starch particles. According to the principle of specific gravity separation, the ideal effect can be achieved by cyclone desanding or sedimentation with chute. The specific gravity of yellow pulp is close to water and lighter than starch granules. Its shape is palm-shaped. The longer the processing cycle, the greater the adhesion, and it is extremely difficult to separate starch particles. Therefore, fresh raw materials, short technological process and timely separation are required.

Five, the basic principle of dehydration

The concentrated starch slurry still contains more water and can only be dried after further dehydration.

Six, the basic principle of drying

At present, the whole process of airflow drying (also called flash drying) widely used in starch factories is completed in an instant, so the moisture in starch particles is dried before gelatinization, so gelatinization or degradation will not occur. Airflow drying is a concurrent drying process, that is, the concurrent process of wet powder material and hot airflow, which consists of two processes: heat transfer and mass transfer. When wet starch comes into contact with hot air, hot air transfers heat energy to the surface of wet starch, and then from the surface to the inside, which is a heat transfer process. At the same time, the moisture in wet starch diffuses from the inside of the material to the surface of the starch in liquid or gaseous state, and then diffuses from the surface of the starch to the hot air through the gas film, which is a mass transfer process. That is, the high-temperature airflow and wet starch exchange heat evenly in the drying tube, so that the dried starch is powdery, and can be packaged and put into storage after cooling.

Edit this example of a sweet potato recipe.

Sweet potato doll sweet potato doll

Sweet potatoes are sweet, sesame seeds are fragrant, dolls are interesting and simple to make. Children love it! Let's try! Ingredients: Sweet potato and fried black sesame seeds: 1. Wash and peel the sweet potato, cut it into pieces with a thickness of 1 cm, spread it flat on a plate, cover it with plastic wrap, and put it in the microwave oven for 5 minutes. You can also steam it in a pot. 2. Put the cooked sweet potato into a plastic bag and knead it into mud by hand while it is hot. Wear insulating gloves or wet towels. The weather is very hot. 3. Knead the mashed potatoes into small balls. 4. Stick 2 black sesame seeds on the ball as eyes and 1 seed as mouth, it will become 1 small head, and then stick black sesame seeds on the top of the head to make hair, and a cute little doll head will be finished. Similarly, sweet potatoes can also be replaced with rice to make cute rice ball dolls. Nutrition: most yellow-red vegetables, such as carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins, tomatoes, etc. , rich in vitamin A, can promote the development of bones and teeth, protect eyes and eyesight, and enhance disease resistance; Dietary fiber can absorb water, soften stool and promote defecation; Sesame can tonify deficiency, nourish blood and moisten intestines, especially suitable for children with difficulty in defecation. Sweet potato and cheese rice cooking: fast food risotto raw materials: sweet potato 1 cheese 1 sliced white rice 1 glass of water 1 cup seasoning: salt 1 teaspoon oil 1/3 teaspoons preparation: (1/. (2) Peel and dice the sweet potato for later use. Cheese is also diced for use. (3) Add the diced sweet potato and oil to the rice and stir it a little. (4) Steaming with an electric cooker, and immediately putting cheese slices and salt [2] after taking out.

In some places in this paragraph, sweet potato is also called cold potato.

Potato, alias Shage, cold potato, sweet potato. Native to South China, Mexico, Central America and North America. It is widely planted in Sichuan, Chongqing and Taiwan Province provinces. Please check potatoes for details.