Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Jiang Nanchun"

Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Jiang Nanchun" 1

Dynasty: Tang Dynasty

Author: Du Mu

Original text:

Thousands of miles away, the orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wine flags are blowing in the mountains and rivers of water villages.

There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and many towers are in the mist.

Translation

In the south of the Yangtze River, the sounds of birds chirping are complemented by green grass and red flowers, and wine flags are fluttering everywhere in the villages near the water and in the city walls at the foot of the mountains.

There are more than 480 ancient temples and countless towers left over from the Southern Dynasties, all shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.

Notes

1. Orioles cry: that is, the orioles sing in the language of swallows.

2. Guo: Outer City. This refers to towns.

3. Wine flag: a small flag hung in front of the door as a mark of the hotel.

4. Southern Dynasties: refers to the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen regimes that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties.

5. Four Hundred and Eighty Temples: The emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties loved Buddhism and built large Buddhist temples in the capital (now Nanjing City). According to "Southern History·Xunli·Guo Zushen Biography": "There are more than 500 Buddhist temples under the capital." The four hundred and eighty temples mentioned here are imaginary numbers.

6. Pavilion: Pavilion and pavilion. This refers to the temple building.

7. Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and mist.

Appreciation

This song "Jiangnan Spring" has been famous for thousands of years. The four-line poem not only describes the richness and variety of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also describes its vastness, depth and confusion.

"Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wine flags in Shuicunshanguo are winding." At the beginning of the poem, it is like a rapidly moving movie camera, passing over the southern land: in the vast thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, orioles are singing happily, and the bushes are full of flowers. Clusters of green trees reflect clusters of red flowers; villages near the water, city walls nestled against the mountains, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. The charming Jiangnan, dyed with the poet's wonderful pen, becomes even more heart-stirring. The reason for the swaying, in addition to the magnificence of the scenery, is probably also because this magnificence is different from a certain garden scenic spot, which is only limited to a corner, but because this magnificence is spread over a large piece of land. Therefore, if there is no word "Qianli" at the beginning, these two sentences will be less interesting. However, Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty said in "Sheng'an Poetry Talk": "Who can hear the orioles singing for thousands of miles? Who can see the green and red for thousands of miles? If it is ten miles away, the orioles will sing green and red, and the villages, towers, and Monk temples and wine flags are all included." Regarding this opinion, He Wenhuan once refuted this opinion in "Research on Poems of the Past Dynasties": "Even if it is written ten miles away, it may not be possible to hear or see it. "Spring", the south of the Yangtze River is thousands of miles wide, and among the thousands of miles, the orioles are singing and the green is reflected, there are no wine flags in the water villages and mountains, and most of the 480 temples and towers are in the mist and rain. The meaning of this poem is broad, and it cannot be specific. One place, so the general name is "Jiang Nanchun"..." He Wenhuan's statement is correct. This is due to the need for a typical summary of literature and art. The same principle applies to the last two sentences. "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasty, and there are many towers in the mist and rain." From the first two sentences, the orioles are chirping, the red and green contrast with each other, and the wine flags are fluttering. It should be a scene on a sunny day, but these two sentences clearly mention the mist and rain, just because it is thousands of miles away. Within the scope, the weather is different everywhere. However, what needs to be seen is that the poet used typical techniques to grasp the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery. Jiangnan is characterized by mountains and rivers, dark willows and bright flowers, intricate tones, rich layers and a three-dimensional feel. While shrinking the size of the poem, the poet focused on expressing the colorful and beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River in spring. In the first two sentences of the poem, there are red and green colors, mountains and rivers, villages and city walls, movement and stillness, sounds and colors. But these alone seem not to be rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are so many towers in the mist and rain." The splendid Buddhist temple with numerous buildings originally gave people a profound feeling, but now the poet deliberately made it hidden in the mist. In the misty mist and rain, this adds a hazy and confusing color. Such pictures and tones, in contrast to the bright and gorgeous scenery of "thousands of miles away orioles croaking against the green, and the wind of wine and flags in the mountains and rivers of water", make this "Jiangnan Spring" picture even more colorful.

The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a long-lasting historical color to this picture. "Four hundred and eighty" is a way of saying that people in the Tang Dynasty emphasize the large number. The poet first emphasizes that there is more than one Buddhist temple with magnificent architecture, and then goes on to sigh like "how many towers are in the mist and rain", which is particularly fascinating.

Du Mu is particularly good at painting gorgeous and moving pictures in just four sentences and twenty-eight characters, presenting a deep and beautiful artistic conception, expressing subtle and profound emotions, and giving people a sense of wonder. The enjoyment of beauty and the enlightenment of thought. "Jiang Nanchun" reflects that the aesthetics in Chinese poetry and painting are transcending time and space, indifferent and free and easy, and have the "sudden enlightenment" thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Zen, and they mostly express poems about nostalgia for the past, seclusion, and freehand brushwork. Affection.

Differences in Appreciation

Regarding the purpose of the quatrains in "Jiang Nanchun", there is a big difference in whether or not the quatrains use the past to satirize the present.

Some researchers have put forward the "irony theory", believing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for being Buddhists in Chinese history, and that Buddhism in Du Mu's era also developed viciously, and Du Mu also had anti-Buddhist thoughts. Therefore the last two sentences are sarcastic. Some people think that the main purpose is to promote Confucianism and exclude Buddhism, to express worries about the rulers' inability to govern the country and Buddhism to mislead the country; or they think that the main purpose is to use the past to satirize the present, and to satirize the rulers' excessive construction and construction of Buddhist temples, which will lead to the weakening of the country's power, the decline of people's livelihood, and aggravation of social crises. They believe that the poets of the late Tang Dynasty had a feeling of concern for the country and the people. There was no lack of irony in their aesthetics, and the connotation of their poems was also richer.

Some researchers disagree. They just think that this poem only describes the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan and expresses the poet's praise and fascination for the scenery of Jiangnan. To understand poetry, we should first start from the artistic image and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not necessarily mean that he also dislikes Buddhist temple buildings left over from history. When he was in Xuanzhou, he often visited Kaiyuan Temple and other places. I also visited some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous poems, such as "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhua Mountain Road, Liufu Bridge on the Qingyi River", "Where spring rain sings leisurely in the autumn mountains, leaning against the temple towers in Jiangnan", all show that he still appreciates the towers of Buddhist temples.

Creative background

In the late Tang Dynasty when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty was on the verge of collapse, with separatist feudal lordships, eunuchs’ monopoly, and factional disputes... little by little. Eroding the giant's body.

On the other hand, after Xianzong came to power, he was obsessed with his little achievements such as pacifying Huaixi. He dreamed of the spring and autumn dream of immortality and devoted himself to the Buddha. Table", almost lost his life. After Xianzong was killed by an eunuch, his successors Mu Zong, Jingzong, and Wenzong continued to promote Buddhism. The number of monks and nuns continued to increase, and the temple economy continued to develop, which greatly weakened the government's strength and increased the burden on the country.

When Du Mu came to Jiangnan (Jiangyin, Jiangsu) this year, he couldn't help but think of the piety of the Southern Dynasties, especially the Liang Dynasty, in serving Buddhism. In the end, it was all in vain. Not only did he not seek immortality, but he harmed the country and the people. It is not only a tribute to history and nostalgia for the past, but also a tactful admonition to the rulers of the Tang Dynasty. Later, Wu Zong launched Huichang to exterminate Buddhism, which alleviated the contradiction to a certain extent.

This is a well-known landscape poem. A small space paints a broad picture. It does not focus on a specific place, but focuses on the unique scenery of the entire Jiangnan, so it is titled "Jiangnan Spring".

The first sentence, "Thousands of miles away, the oriole crows and the green reflects the red" shows the natural scenery of Jiangnan from the beginning. "Thousands of miles" is a summary of the vast Jiangnan. There are chirping orioles everywhere here, and the boundless green leaves set off the bright red flowers. This vivid and vibrant scenery is naturally unique to Jiangnan. The second sentence "Shui Cun Shan Guo Wine Flag Wind" describes the unique topography of the south of the Yangtze River. There are villages near the water and city walls near the mountains. In the spring breeze, the wine flags are fluttering gently. What a beautiful Jiangnan this is!

One or two sentences describe the sunny scene, and three or four sentences describe the rainy scene. "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are so many towers in the mist and rain." In the light rain of spring, there is a different scenery. Amidst the beautiful mountains and rivers, there are hundreds of Buddhist temples left over from the Southern Dynasties. These splendid Buddhist temples with numerous buildings are shrouded in misty mist and rain, looming and appearing, seeming to be absent, adding a hazy and confusing color to the spring in the south of the Yangtze River.

"Four hundred and eighty" is an imaginary number, not a real reference. It highlights the number of Buddhist temples and satirizes the emperor's reliance on Buddhism. Which should refer to the Wukong Temple currently located in Qingyang Town, Jiangyin.

The whole poem uses a highly summarized style of writing to outline the scenery of the Jiangnan region and depict the bright and misty spring scenery of the Yangtze River. The colors are bright and the mood is timeless. A seven-character quatrain can show such a broad picture, which can be said to be "thousands of miles in size".

At the same time, Du Mu also left a poem "Hibiscus Lake"), praising the beautiful scenery of Jiangyin:

The fireworks beside Danshu Village are faint, and the geese are flying deep in the blue waves. The fallen leaves and poplars are hanging on the banks of the depression, and across the water there are only a few people who can smell the pounding of clothes. "Jiang Nanchun" Original Text and Translation Appreciation 2

Dynasty: Tang Dynasty

Author: Du Mu

Original text:

Thousands of Miles of Orioles Cry Green Reflecting red, water village mountain Guo wine flag wind.

There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and many towers are in the mist.

Thousands of miles away, the oriole crows, the green reflects the red, the water village, the mountain and the wine flag wind.

The spring scenery in the vast Qianli Jiangnan is picturesque, with singing and dancing swallows and bright red flowers against the green leaves.

Orioles cry: That is the language of orioles and swallows. Guo: Outer city. This refers to towns. Liquor Flag: A small flag hung in front of the hotel to mark the hotel.

There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and many towers are in the mist.

Shui Village Shanguo Wine Flag flutters in the spring breeze, how many Buddhist temples in the Southern Dynasties are shrouded in mist and rain?

Southern Dynasty: refers to the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen regimes that successively confronted the Northern Dynasty. Four Hundred and Eighty Temples: The emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties loved Buddhism and built large Buddhist temples in the capital (now Nanjing City). According to "Southern History·Xunli·Guo Zushen Biography": "There are more than 500 Buddhist temples under the capital." The four hundred and eighty temples mentioned here are imaginary numbers. Pavilion: Pavilion and pavilion. This refers to the temple building. Misty rain: drizzle, like smoke and mist.

Translation and annotation reference:

1. Wang Shuhai. A general appreciation of Chinese ancient poetry: Changchun Publishing House, 20xx: 190

2. Zhang Changqing. Cultural Appreciation of Chinese Classical Poetry: Peking University Press, 20xx: 555-556

3. Xu Shanqi. 300 Classic Tang Poems: Jilin Publishing Group Co., Ltd., 20xx: 69

Translation and Notes 1

Translation: The land of Jiangnan is filled with the sound of birds chirping, green grass and red flowers complement each other, and the villages by the water are at the foothills of the mountains. Wine flags fluttered everywhere in the city. There are more than 480 ancient temples and countless towers left over from the Southern Dynasties, all shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain. Note 1. Ying Cao: that is, the language of Ying Cao. 2. Guo: Outer city. This refers to towns. 3. Wine flag: A small flag hung in front of the door as a mark of the hotel. 4. Southern Dynasties: refers to the Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen regimes that successively confronted the Northern Dynasties. 5. Four Hundred and Eighty Temples: Emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties... Show all

Translation and Notes 2

Yun Translation The vast Qianli Jiangnan spring scenery is picturesque, with singing orioles and dancing swallows dancing on the green leaves Set against bright red flowers. The wine flags of Shuicun Mountain are fluttering in the spring breeze. How many Buddhist temples in the Southern Dynasties are shrouded in mist and rain? Sanyi Qianli Jiangnan is full of orioles singing and dancing, there are green trees and red flowers that complement each other, there are villages near the water, there are city walls nestled against the mountains, and there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere. In the past, there were deep temples filled with cigarette smoke, but now the vicissitudes of pavilions and pavilions stand in the hazy mist and rain. Notes ⑴ Orioles: That is, orioles... Show all

Appreciation

This song "Jiangnan Spring" has been famous for thousands of years. The four-line poem not only describes the richness and variety of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also describes its vastness, depth and confusion. "Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, green is reflected in red, and water villages and mountains are drinking flags and winds." The beginning of the poem is like a fast-moving movie camera, passing over the southern land: in the vast thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, orioles are singing happily, and clusters of green trees are reflected in the sky. Red flowers; villages near the water, city walls nestled against the mountains, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. The charming Jiangnan... Show all

Creative background

In the late Tang Dynasty when Du Mu lived, the Tang Dynasty was on the verge of collapse, with separatist vassal towns, monopoly of eunuchs, and factional conflicts between Niu and Li. .....Eroding this giant's body bit by bit.

On the other hand, after Xianzong came to power, he was obsessed with his little achievements such as pacifying Huaixi. He dreamed of the spring and autumn dream of immortality and devoted himself to the Buddha. Han Yu almost lost his life in "Admonition to the Buddha's Bone Table" . After Xianzong was killed by an eunuch, his successors Mu Zong, Jingzong, and Wenzong promoted Buddhism as usual, and monks... Show all

Author introduction

Du Mu (803 AD - about 852 AD) ), courtesy name Muzhi, nicknamed Fanchuan Jushi, Han nationality, a native of Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi), and a poet of the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu was called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Together with Li Shangyin, he is called "Little Li Du". Because he lived in the Fanchuan Villa in South Chang'an in his later years, he was called "Du Fanchuan" by later generations and wrote "Collected Works of Fanchuan". Appreciation of the original text and translation of "Jiang Nanchun" 3

Thousands of miles away, the oriole crows, the green reflects the red, and the water village, mountain, and wine flags are blown by the wind.

There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and many towers are in the mist.

Introduction to ancient poetry

Jiangnanchun, a famous poem by Du Mu, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. This song "Jiangnan Spring" has been famous for thousands of years. The four-line poem not only describes the richness and variety of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also describes its vastness, depth and confusion.

Translation

In the south of the Yangtze River, the sound of birds chirping is complemented by green grass and red flowers, and wine flags are fluttering everywhere in the villages near the water and in the city walls at the foot of the mountains. There are more than 480 ancient temples and countless towers left over from the Southern Dynasties, all shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.

Comments

1. Guo: A kind of exterior wall built outside the city in ancient times.

2. Shanguo: a town based on mountains.

3. Southern Dynasties: The collective name of the four dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang, and Chen that were established in the southern region after the fall of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

4. Four Hundred and Eighty Temples: The emperors and big bureaucrats of the Southern Dynasties loved Buddhism and built large Buddhist temples in the capital (now Nanjing). According to "Southern History·Xunli·Guo Zushen Biography": "There are more than 500 Buddhist temples under the capital." The four hundred and eighty temples mentioned here are imaginary numbers.

5. Tower: refers to the temple.

Appreciation

This is a poem describing the scenery of Jiangnan. "When the sun rises, the flowers on the river are as red as fire, and when spring comes, the river is as green as blue." Bai Juyi has painted a gorgeous picture, but it is only macroscopic, while Du Mu's "Jiangnan Spring" is relatively specific, and seems to give several perspectives on life. A scenic spot makes it even more profound. In this poem, Du Mu not only depicts the bright spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also reproduces the misty and rainy terrace scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, making the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River more magical and confusing, and has a special interest. The charming Jiangnan, dyed with the poet's wonderful pen, becomes even more heart-stirring. "Thousands of Miles" means that the whole Jiangnan is written, but the whole is expressed through specific images. "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are so many towers in the mist and rain." Here is an important part of the transition to the scenery of the south of the Yangtze River - temples, which add a sense of vicissitudes. Many Buddhist buildings left over from the Southern Dynasties are looming in the spring breeze and rain. , adding to the confusing beauty. The poet does not say "four hundred and eighty temples in the North Dynasty" here, but "four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties", which obviously has a different meaning. The ruler of the Southern Dynasties, the ruler of the Southern Dynasties, wasted time on the people and money, and built a large number of temples. "The History of the South: Biography of Guo Zushen" said: "The emperor of the time greatly promoted the interpretation of the scriptures and changed the customs. Gu Zushenyou said his story, and he thought that he would go to the Buddhist temple for 500 years. The rest of the temple is extremely poor and magnificent, with more than 100,000 monks and nuns, and rich assets. The county where it is located is unspeakable.” Based on this, Du Mu’s statement of “four hundred and eighty temples” is obviously understated. This also reflects that the construction of temples at that time was a very laborious and costly matter. Considering that the author was in the late Tang Dynasty when he wrote this poem, the poet also had a feeling of concern for the country and the people. Nowadays, the "Four Hundred and Eighty Temples of the Southern Dynasties" have become historical relics and an integral part of the wonderful scenery of Jiangnan. There is a lot of irony in the aesthetics, and the connotation of the poem is also richer. The four sentences of this poem are all about scenery, each sentence has its own characteristics. There are sounds and colors here, expansion in space, and tracing back in time. In just 28 words, the poet painted a vivid and powerful picture of Jiangnan Spring in very general language.

This song "Jiangnan Spring" has been famous for thousands of years. The four-line poem not only describes the richness and variety of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but also describes its vastness, depth and confusion.

"Thousands of miles of orioles are singing, the green is reflected in red, and the wine flags in Shuicunshanguo are winding." At the beginning of the poem, it is like a rapidly moving movie camera, passing over the southern land: in the vast thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, orioles are singing happily, and the bushes are full of flowers. Clusters of green trees reflect clusters of red flowers; villages near the water, city walls nestled against the mountains, and wine flags fluttering in the wind are all in sight. The reason for the swaying, in addition to the magnificence of the scenery, is probably also because this magnificence is different from a certain garden scenic spot, which is only limited to a corner, but because this magnificence is spread over a large piece of land. Therefore, if there is no word "Qianli" at the beginning, these two sentences will be less interesting. However, Yang Shen of the Ming Dynasty said in "Sheng'an Poetry Talk": "Who can hear the orioles singing for thousands of miles? Who can see the green and red for thousands of miles? If it is ten miles away, the orioles will sing green and red, and the villages, towers, and Monk temples and wine flags are all included." Regarding this opinion, He Wenhuan once refuted this opinion in "Research on Poems of the Past Dynasties": "Even if it is written ten miles away, it may not be possible to hear or see it. "Spring", the south of the Yangtze River is thousands of miles wide, and among the thousands of miles, the orioles are singing and the green is reflected, there are no wine flags in the water villages and mountains, and most of the 480 temples and towers are in the mist and rain. The meaning of this poem is broad, and it cannot be specific. One place, so the general name is "Jiang Nanchun"..." He Wenhuan's statement is correct. This is due to the need for a typical summary of literature and art. The same principle applies to the last two sentences. "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are many towers in the mist and rain." From the first two sentences, the orioles are chirping, the red and green contrast with each other, and the wine flags are fluttering. It should be a scene on a sunny day, but these two sentences clearly mention mist and rain. This is because Within a thousand miles, it is completely understandable that the clouds and sunshine vary from place to place. However, what needs to be seen is that the poet used typical techniques to grasp the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery. Jiangnan is characterized by mountains and rivers, dark willows and bright flowers, intricate tones, rich layers and a three-dimensional feel. While shrinking the size of the poem, the poet focused on expressing the colorful and beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River in spring. In the first two sentences of the poem, there are red and green colors, mountains and rivers, villages and city walls, movement and stillness, sounds and colors. But these alone seem not to be rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of the spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "There are four hundred and eighty temples in the Southern Dynasties, and there are so many towers in the mist and rain." The splendid Buddhist temple with its numerous buildings inherently gives people a profound feeling, and the poet deliberately made it hidden in the mist. In the misty rain, this adds a hazy and blurred color. Such pictures and tones, in contrast to the bright and gorgeous scenery of "thousands of miles away orioles croaking against the green, and the wind of wine and flags in the mountains and rivers of water", make this "Jiangnan Spring" picture even more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a long-lasting historical color to this picture. "Four hundred and eighty" is a way of saying that people in the Tang Dynasty emphasize the large number. The poet first emphasizes that there is more than one Buddhist temple with magnificent architecture, and then goes on to sigh like "how many towers are in the mist and rain", which is particularly fascinating.

This poem expresses the poet's praise and fascination for the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. However, some researchers have put forward the "irony theory" and believe that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for their monstrances in Chinese history. Buddhism also developed viciously in Du Mu's era, and Du Mu had anti-Buddhist thoughts, so the last two sentences are ironic. In fact, when interpreting poetry, we should first start from the artistic image and make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not necessarily mean that he also dislikes Buddhist temple buildings left over from history. When he was in Xuanzhou, he often visited Kaiyuan Temple and other places. I also visited some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks. Famous poems, such as "Yunzhe Temple on Jiuhua Mountain Road, Liufu Bridge on the Qingyi River", "Where spring rain sings leisurely in the autumn mountains, leaning against the temple towers in Jiangnan", all show that he still appreciates the towers of Buddhist temples. Of course, while appreciating it, it is possible to occasionally have a little historical emotion. The author's emotions are very neutral, with no obvious hatred or evil. He is simply describing scenery and Wing Chun.