References on Bamboo

Abstract: From ancient times to the present, bamboo has played an important role in Chinese garden landscape design with its unique advantages. It is a landscaping plant worth promoting. It uses case projects to illustrate the design and application of bamboo in Chinese garden landscapes, and makes an objective analysis of its future development trends in China.

Keywords: Bamboo; garden; landscape design; bamboo plants; trends

Foreword

Building a garden with bamboo, bamboo grows luxuriantly because of the garden, and the garden Bamboo makes the landscape stand out; use bamboo to create landscapes, bamboo comes alive because of the scenery, and the garden appears because of bamboo. From ancient times to the present, bamboo has played an important role in Chinese garden landscape design with its unique advantages. Using bamboo to create a garden, whether it is a painting with sparse bamboo shadows; whether it is using bamboo to create a landscape, borrow a landscape, or block a landscape, or use bamboo to punctuate, frame, or move the landscape, it can all create a picturesque scene, and Styles vary. Landscape arts such as bamboo fences, bamboo paths, leisurely bamboo pavilions, elegant bamboo gardens, green bamboo gardens, beautiful red outside bamboos, and dependent bamboos and water are all found in Chinese gardens.

1. Bamboo plants and the development history of ancient Chinese gardens

1.1 Germination stage

Bamboo is an indispensable part of my country’s classical style gardens. The history of gardening began in the 11th century BC when King Wen of Zhou Dynasty built the Lingtai, Lingmarsh and Lingxin. It can be said to be the earliest royal garden. According to "Shangshu·Yu Gong" "Bamboo Arrows of Kuaiji, the Beauty of the Southeast", it shows that the ancients knew how to appreciate the beautiful bamboo forest scenery earlier. After Qin Shihuang unified the six kingdoms, he carried out a large-scale construction project and introduced bamboo from Yungang, Shanxi to Xianyang to build the "Shanglin Garden" (see the "Shi Yi Ji" "The First Emperor set up Xumingtai, and searched for treasures from all directions, and obtained Yungang plain bamboo"). This is It is the earliest record of bamboo being used in gardening. At that time, bamboo planting and bamboo gardening were mostly limited to building hunting grounds and strategic material bases, and bamboo gardening was still in its infancy.

1.2 Development stage

In the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese gardens entered the development stage from their infancy. Influenced by the political turmoil and religious thoughts on life, the literati and scholar-officials at that time advocated mystery and attached great importance to landscapes. It became a temporary fashion to visit famous mountains and rivers. Poems and essays praising natural scenery and pastoral scenery and the budding landscape paintings stimulated gardens. A "natural landscape garden" that was different from the royal palace was produced, and bamboo was immediately integrated into the garden. At that time, bamboo landscaping in royal gardens and private gardens of officials also developed accordingly. "Shui Jing Zhu" introduces the famous imperial garden "Hualin Garden" in the Northern Wei Dynasty: "Bamboos and cypresses are shaded by layers of stones, and thin embroidery clusters are clustered on the side of the spring." "Luoyang Jialan Ji" records that in the private gardens of Luoyang officials and nobles, "all the peaches and plums are green, and the bamboos and cypresses are holly green. ".

1.3 Heyday

The "Wangchuan Villa" planned by Wang Wei, a scholar in the Tang Dynasty, included bamboo landscapes such as "Jinzhuling" and "Zhuli Pavilion"; "Shoushan Gen" The "Prison" was personally participated in the planning by Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty. From the "Gen Prison Notes" written by Song Huizong himself, it can be seen that it is a typical example of bamboo landscaping in the landscape palace gardens of the Northern Song Dynasty. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Hangzhou was designated as the capital and renamed Lin'an. Nobles, bureaucrats, and wealthy businessmen gathered in the south of the Yangtze River. The prosperity of royal palaces, gardens, and private gardens was self-evident, which played a role in promoting the later development of gardens in the south of the Yangtze River. Bamboo was widely used in the Tang and Song dynasties. "Luoyang Famous Gardens" written by Li Gefei in the Northern Song Dynasty reviewed 19 private gardens, and made special bamboo landscapes for 10 of them, including Quiren Garden, Dong's West Garden, Fuzheng Park, and Miao Shuai Garden. describe. From Zhou Mi's "Wuxing Garden Records" of the Southern Song Dynasty, we can also learn that Wuxing's residence garden "has bamboos in the garden." Bamboo gardening has entered a heyday.

1.4 Mature stage

The gardens of the Ming and Qing Dynasties inherited the traditions of the Tang and Song Dynasties, and gradually formed local styles. Among them, the Jiangnan gardens represented by the residential gardens were an important part of the development of gardens in the late feudal society of China. peak. The combination of bamboo with water bodies, rocks, garden wall buildings and bamboo forest landscape is one of the biggest features of Jiangnan gardens and Lingnan gardens. The six famous gardens in Suzhou, including Canglang Pavilion and Lion Grove Garden, as well as Yangzhou Ge Garden and Huizhou Xiaoyaotang, have been very successful in using bamboo in gardening. Many gardening techniques are still used in today's gardens.

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were many volumes of theoretical books on gardening techniques published, including Wang Xiangjin's "Qun Fang Pu", Tu Long's "Shan Zhai Qing Leisure Notes", Li Yu's "Xian Qing Ou Ji·Living Room", etc. The most influential ones were Ji Cheng. "Yuan Ye" and Wen Zhenheng's "Changwu Zhi" both gave detailed and insightful discussions on bamboo gardening, which were highly praised and imitated by later generations. The development of gardens in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially bamboo gardens, entered a mature stage.

2. The integration of bamboo plants and modern gardens

China has developed from an ancient civilization thousands of years ago to today's socialist country. Bamboo has witnessed many ups and downs along the way. Development never stops and pursuit never ends. Especially since the reform and opening up, many new ideas and perspectives have emerged, and the field of gardening is no exception. In addition to retaining the characteristics of Chinese classical gardens, many new gardening techniques and Gardening materials have emerged as the times require. Bamboo plants have not been forgotten by people because of their ordinary nature. On the contrary, people's love for bamboo has only increased. Bamboo plants are making a new appearance in modern gardens.

2.1 The application of bamboo in modern gardens

Overview of the development trend of bamboo plants in gardens in recent years, it is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

2.1.1 Bamboo culture garden landscape in urban real estate

2.1.2 Bamboo sea tourist landscape in scenic spots

2.1.3 Bamboo-themed landscape design in villa areas

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2.1.4 Create a bamboo-specific garden landscape

2.1.5 As a greening material for bamboo forests in various urban parks

2.1.6 As a landscape on both sides of urban streets Street trees

2.1.7 Decorate the home environment by processing them into horticultural products

Among them, bamboo plants are used in bamboo cultural garden landscapes in urban real estate, bamboo sea tourist landscapes in scenic spots, and villas. The three aspects of bamboo-themed landscape design in the district have the greatest potential for development.

3. Example projects of bamboo plants in modern gardens

3.1 Bamboo plants in urban real estate landscape

The real estate industry can be said to be the most important in China now. One of the most popular industries, it still has broad room for development. Especially in recent years, it has been combined with gardens, which has brought a second spring to China's real estate industry. The continuous improvement of living standards will inevitably lead to people's pursuit of a high-standard living environment. Some real estate manufacturers now even use the slogan: "We don't sell houses, we only sell the environment." They are doing everything possible to create a personalized atmosphere in urban real estate. The garden landscape environment is an important means of competition among real estate manufacturers. It can be said that there are many classic garden landscapes in urban real estates. For example, the bamboo cultural landscape in the "Tsinghua Fang" real estate in Nancun Town, Panyu, Guangzhou has its own unique charm

The water and trees in Qinghua are fragrant in the streets, " The original intention of the bamboo landscape design of "Tsinghua Square" is to use bamboo as a teacher and as a friend, to create a quiet and simple home living environment, to cultivate people's sentiments with the unique cultural atmosphere of bamboo. In the entire "Tsinghua Square" garden landscape design, the creation of red bamboo and golden bamboo landscapes is one of the highlights, and the charm of bamboo is vividly expressed in both emotion and treatment. The stream meanders past, and the water gurgls; the bamboo forest casts its shadow in the breeze, and the bamboo path leads to a quiet place for hundreds of miles.

Architectural master Liang Sicheng once said: "You can hang a painting or put it away, but once a building is built, it will stand there for decades or hundreds of years. It goes without saying. It has become part of the residents' living environment... In this way, the house should pursue the beauty of art and cultural taste more than other arts." At the same time, we also know that Su Dongpo, a poet of the Song Dynasty, eulogized in "Ode to Bamboo": "It is better to eat without meat than live without bamboo. No meat makes people thin, and no bamboo makes people vulgar." This reflects the living environment from two different aspects. It is hard to come by, and a good living environment requires our efforts to create, and even more so, our care.

The noisy urban life makes people more eager to have a quiet place that truly belongs to them. In their spare time, inviting close friends to drink, sing, and talk freely is a great pleasure in life.

The use of bamboo plants in urban real estate landscapes can solve many problems.

As we all know, land is very precious in cities. In the past, the small planning area was a major problem we encountered when designing. The successful introduction of bamboo plants allows us to create more small, delicate, and subtle buildings. And wonderful garden landscape.

3.2 Bamboo plants in the Bamboo Sea tourist landscape in scenic spots

We have seen the blue ocean, but have you seen the green ocean? I'm not talking about the virgin forests far away in the mountains. If this kind of ocean is composed of tens of thousands of hectares of bamboo, what's even more valuable is that there are countless scenic spots in the ocean that make people linger and enjoy themselves, connected like pearls. The development of the Bamboo Sea tourism project in the scenic area has injected new vitality into China's eco-tourism.

Speaking of bamboo sea tourism, the most famous one is the Shunan Bamboo Sea in Sichuan Province. The Shunan Bamboo Sea is located in the southern edge of Sichuan Province and the largest city on the Yangtze River - Yibin City, with a radius of 120 With an area of ????square kilometers and a central scenic area of ??44 kilometers, it is the only largest original "Green Bamboo Park" in China that integrates mountains, rivers, caves, lakes, and waterfalls, as well as a long-standing cultural landscape. It is a tourist attraction for people to return to nature.

The entire bamboo sea forms a zigzag shape, wide from east to west and narrow from north to south. The mountainous area is a typical Danxia landform, with an altitude of 600-1000.2 meters. There are 134 large and small scenic spots in the territory, including 63 major scenic spots. Within the scenic area, the landscape concentrated areas are divided into: Xianyu Cave Scenic Area, Tianhuang Temple Scenic Area, Colorful Waterfall Scenic Area, Wangyou Valley Scenic Area, Qinglong Lake Scenic Area, Longyin Temple Scenic Area, Yingfeng Bay Scenic Area, and Hulongping Scenic Area. There are two prelude scenic spots outside the east and west gates of the scenic spot: Xijiashan Folk Museum and Jujiang River; and Bamboo Sea Hot Spring. The main natural landscapes in the scenic area are one pool (Zhaoyingtan), one mountain (Camellia Mountain), two corridors (Emerald Corridor, Qingyun Corridor), two caves (Feiquan Cave, Haohan Cave), and three streams (Youxi, Lianshui). River, Moxi), Four Waterfalls (Colorful Waterfall, Wangyou Waterfall, Moon Bay Waterfall, Shuiliandong Waterfall), Four Rocks (Gear Rock, Yanyulong Rock, Putuo Rock, Tianhua Rock), Five Lakes (Qinglong Lake , Dalongtan Lake, Sansong Lake, Fairy Lake, Colorful Lake). The Bamboo Sea in southern Sichuan can be said to be an ocean of bamboo. More than 70,000 acres of green bamboo cover 27 steep mountains and more than 500 peaks. There are 58 species of bamboos in 15 genera growing here. In addition to the common bamboos, water bamboo, and philodendron bamboo, there are also rare bamboo species such as purple bamboo, Luohan bamboo, human face bamboo, and mandarin duck bamboo.

Bamboo Sea has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, and four distinct seasons. The average temperature in August, the hottest month, is only 27.4 degrees Celsius, and the average temperature in January, the coldest month, is only 8 degrees Celsius. The relative air humidity is above 83 all year round. This is not only a natural oxygen bar and the largest "lung replacement factory" in my country, but you can also enjoy a wide variety of exquisite bamboo crafts such as bamboo root carvings, bamboo reed carvings, bamboo weaving, and bamboo furniture, and taste bamboo fungus, Bamboo shoots, bamboo sea tofu pudding, bamboo smoked bacon and other natural green foods can be said to be a resort for vacation, leisure and recuperation.

In ancient times, there was the saying of pines and waves, and now there is the view of the sea of ??bamboo. Human taste comes from nature but is always higher than nature. We have no reason to turn a blind eye to such a charming tourist attraction. It is understood that there is currently no large-scale Bamboo Sea tourist attraction in Guangdong Province. In order to meet the requirements of tourists, Guangzhou Fuyun Bamboo Landscaping Engineering Co., Ltd. is planning to build a Bamboo Sea tourism project with the theme of Chinese bamboo culture, covering an area of ??1,000 acres, with an estimated investment of 15 million. In other provinces and regions across the country, similar projects are also underway in an orderly manner.

3.3 Bamboo plants in the bamboo-themed landscape of villa areas

In recent years, private villas have suddenly emerged in China and developed rapidly, and the garden landscape is indispensable for this. , the sought-after villa areas are often those with very classic garden landscapes. Good garden works focus on design, and the key to design is that the concept has charm and the design materials are tasteful. As the saying goes, "The intention comes first with the writing, and the meaning and rhyme go together." Bamboo, this ordinary but refined garden design material, is becoming more and more popular among people.

The garden landscape of the villa area was created with the theme of bamboo charm. The effect was very good and it was highly praised by people. The Bamboo Rhyme Landscape Garden in the Guangzhou Zhuyun Villa Villa Area is one of its representative works.

Zhuyun Villa follows the theme of bamboo rhyme: "There are clear shades when the sun rises, clear shadows when the moon shines; clear sounds when the wind blows, and clear rhymes when the rain comes", creating a unique and unique scene in the city.

At the entrance of the central square of Zhuyun Villa, a 4-meter-high and 6-meter-long stone landscape is arranged, with a large word "Yun" engraved on it. Silk bamboo symbolizes it. The bamboo leaves at the neck of the golden silk bamboo are slender, drooping like fishing wires, the leaves are lanceolate, the apex is tapering, and the base shrinks into a round shape. The bamboo stems are gorgeous with yellow stripes, elegant and free-spirited, magnificent and colorful, like a group of flowers. Lots of brocade, so beautiful. The green and yellow bamboo stalks sparkle under the nurturing of the sun. The golden stripes in the middle of the bamboo stalks are the finishing touch and dazzling. The whole clump of bamboos is like standing out from the flock, showing the noble qualities of bamboos that are vigorous, open-minded and restrained, and are carved in The rhyme characters on the stone landscape complement each other. The front of the stone scene is decorated with Guanyin Bamboo Balls, Buddha Belly Bamboo Balls, and One Meter High Square Bamboo to express the atmosphere of bamboo and create the ecological landscape of the stone scene; the back of the stone scene is decorated with Yuyun Bamboo, Golden Jasper Bamboo, and Buddha Belly The bamboo leaves are used to set off the connotation of "bamboo charm", and the lush bamboo leaves express the charm of bamboo; surrounded by purple beauty bamboo surrounded by small Buddha belly bamboo, the bamboo is beautiful in black, purple is soft and glowing, and the bamboo branches are slender. , bamboo leaves are flying, the graceful and noble purple beauty bamboo is set off by the small Buddha belly bamboo, showing high momentum and a warm look, making the tall and towering trees behind it dim, expressing the "bamboo charm" vividly.

4. Summary

The green bamboo combs are exposed to the wind and rain, and the hearts are in harmony. The moonlight has clear shadows, the wind has clear sounds, the rain has clear rhyme, the frost has clear light, and the snow has clear interest. Taking bamboo as a friend and as a teacher will help people realize the righteousness of heaven and earth, cultivate noble virtues, and inspire ideals in life. Bamboo plants are in line with the trend of natural and simple gardening, and have been good green plants in gardens throughout the ages. Judging from the use of bamboo plants in Chinese gardens over the years, the application of bamboo in urban real estate bamboo cultural landscapes, the application in bamboo sea tourism landscapes in scenic spots, and the application in villa areas with bamboo charm as the theme landscape are the main reasons why bamboo plants are used in Chinese gardens. The general trend of application of plant-like plants in Chinese garden landscapes in the future.

5. Conclusion

Facts speak louder than words. Bamboo plants are making great strides forward with their heroic appearance. We believe that no force can stop the progress of Chinese history. , and no force can stop the eternal extension of bamboo plants in the history of Chinese gardens!

Reference: Huang Shenglin "Bamboo Resource Development and Utilization Technology and Bamboo Industry Development Strategy" Yinsheng Audio Publishing House