May I ask the origin of Guo's surname? Who are the famous people surnamed Guo in history?

Guo is one of the most popular surnames in China, ranking 18th among the top 1 surnames in China, and its owners account for more than 1% of the Han population. It ranks 14th in Taiwan Province, with a total population of over 1%. According to legend, as early as the era of Yu, a tribal leader in ancient Xia Houshi (about 21st century BC), Guo's surname was Kaiji. Guo's surname has a long history.

After Guo Zhi and Guo Ai in Xia Dynasty,

Ancient books recorded that "Yu took two dragons, and Guo Zhi ruled". "In ancient times, there was Guo Hou, and in the Xia Dynasty, there was Guo Ai, the commander." Guo Zhi and Guo Ai are the earliest people named Guo in China with historical records. Therefore, Guo Zhi and Guo Ai, Xia people whose capital is Yangcheng (now Dengfeng East, Henan Province) in the history of our country, are regarded by later generations as the ancestors of Guo.

After Guo Chong in Shang Dynasty

According to Three Classics, there was Guo Chong in Shang Dynasty. It is known that the Shang Dynasty also had the surname Guo after the Xia Dynasty. Therefore, Guo Chong in Shang Dynasty was also considered as another ancestor of Guo.

taking the fief as the surname

In history, Guo's ancestor took the fief "Guo" as the surname, and because of the simultaneous change of Guo and Guo, Guo and Guo exchanged surnames.

In ancient China, some people who lived in the city, Guo, Yuan and Chi took the surname of Cheng, Guo, Yuan and Chi respectively. Among them, people who live in Guo (that is, outside the city, the meaning of the ancient word "Guo" is outside the city) take their place of residence as their surname, forming the surname of Guo.

The descendants of Guo in Zhou Dynasty are the largest and most important branch of Guo's surname today. They take Guo as their surname, which is derived from Ji's surname.

the yellow emperor (Ji surname)-Zhou Taiwang (the twelfth grandson of the yellow emperor).

Gu Gongqi's father was an important leader of Zhou people. He carried forward the struggle of Zhou people from generation to generation, and laid a preliminary foundation for Zhou people to establish the kingdom of Zhou instead of Shang. Later Zhou Wenwang called him King Tai, and there was a poem praising him in The Book of Songs Mi Gong: "The grandson of Hou Ji is a real King, living in the sun of the gap, and he really began to be a Shang." Mencius, a thinker in the Warring States period, praised him as a benevolent king. In some genealogies of the surname Wu, respecting the father of the ancient office is the latest ancestor in ancient times. Zhou people entered a period of stable development since ancient times.

Gu Gongqi's father has three sons, the eldest son Taibo, the second son Zhong Yong and the third son Ji Li, all of whom are very talented. His third son, Ji Li, married Tairen, the daughter of Zhi Zhong of Yin Shang, and Tairen and Taisi, the wife of Wen Wang, were recognized as virtuous women in ancient China, which played an important role in the prosperity of Zhou clan. Tairen gave birth to Chang for the Zhou clan, and Chang was Zhou Wenwang who laid a solid foundation for the destruction of the Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, Tai Ren had auspicious signs when he was born. Chang was gifted and noble since childhood, and was deeply loved by his grandfather. Gu Gongqi's father even pinned the ideal of revitalizing the Zhou clan on Sun Zichang, and sometimes he couldn't help saying in front of everyone, "When I am a prosperous person in the world, is it prosperous?"

according to the social tradition of the Zhou dynasty, after the ancient duke announced his father's death, his eldest son, Taibo, should inherit the throne. If Taibo died early, Zhong Yong should be the successor, ranking third in the calendar, so there is no chance to inherit the throne, and Chang, as the son of the calendar, has no chance to inherit the throne.

Gu Gongqi's father was ill, and Taibo and Zhongyong left Zhouyuan on the pretext of going out to collect medicine for their father. According to historical records, the two brothers set out from Qishan, Shaanxi, and came to Jingman wuyue (today's Jiangsu and Zhejiang), where primitive and backward ethnic minorities lived, and their customs were quite different from those of the Central Plains. When the Romans do as the Romans do, the two brothers tattooed and lost their hair. In Zhou people's view, the two brothers have become barbarians and disabled people, and they are no longer qualified to inherit the throne.

After Taibo and Zhongyong fled to Wu, Ji Li succeeded to the throne smoothly, and was later transferred to Wen Wang Chang. Zhou Wenwang Chang lived up to the high expectations of his grandfather, Gu Gongqifu, and made painstaking efforts to destroy the Shang Dynasty and revitalize the Zhou family. Although he failed to destroy the Shang Dynasty before his death, he was divided into three parts, and Zhou was the second. After his son Wu Wangfa succeeded to the throne, he attacked the Shang Dynasty on a large scale. Four years later, he destroyed the Shang Dynasty in one fell swoop and established the Zhou Dynasty, finally completing the great task of reviving the Zhou family. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Taibo and Zhongyong were commended by the Zhou Dynasty, and their descendants were sealed in Wu, which established a powerful State of Wu. Later generations of Wu descendants regarded Taibo and Zhongyong as their ancestors.

According to the ancient history, the Jingman area where Taibo and Zhongyong arrived is Wuxi and Suzhou in the Taihu Lake Basin in southern Jiangsu today. A branch of Taibo and Zhongyong is one of the Tan Yang Zhu Ji recorded in ancient books (a branch of Zhou people who lived on the north bank of Hanshui River in ancient times). They are adjacent to the State of Chu, which was built for the descendants of Zhuan Fur, one of the five emperors. After the Chu State became strong, Hanyang ladies were threatened by Chu people and forced to migrate. One of them, Taibo and Zhongyong, moved eastward to Wudi, Jiangsu Province, conquered the local indigenous people and established the State of Wu. "Historical Records of Wu Taibo's Family" said: "Since Taibo was the Wu, the King of Wu Ke Yin was the fifth, and the second was sealed. First, danger, in China; Second, Wu, in barbarians. " After the King of Wu negotiated with the Shang Dynasty, the descendants of Taibo and Zhongyong were enfeoffed, one of which was enfeoffed to the place where Taibo and Zhongyong moved, namely, Yudi, Shanxi, and the other was left in Wu, the undeveloped southeast at that time. No matter how many explanations there are for the migration process in later generations, it is not controversial that the Ji family named Zhou Taibo and Zhong Yong finally arrived in the ancient Wu area of Jiangsu Province.

Taibo Jianwu

After Taibo and Zhongyong arrived in Wudi, Jiangsu Province, they brought advanced agricultural production technology in the Central Plains, promoted the development of local economy, and were generally welcomed by the local indigenous Wu people, who went to defect one after another. More than 1 people from Wu quickly gathered around Taibo and Zhongyong brothers. They were influenced by the noble character and virtue of benevolence and righteousness of Taibo and Zhongyong brothers, and volunteered to make Taibo the monarch. Because Taibo lived in Wu, the country of Ji surname established by Taibo here was called "Juwu" (the sentence is a sounding prefix, which has no practical significance), which is called Wu for short.

By the time Tai Bo built Wu, it was the last years of Yin and Shang Dynasties, and the princes of the Central Plains were in constant melee. Taibo was afraid that the war would affect the lives of people in Wu, so he built a city in Meili, southeast of Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province. According to legend, the inner city of this city is 3 paces long, and the outer city is more than 3 miles long. People in it, like living in a paradise, farm and grow crops, and are self-sufficient and free from external interference. Taibo had no children. After his death, Zhong Yong became wu jun. He buried his brother Taibo in Wuxi Meili, and later generations built Zhide Temple near his grave to commemorate this ancestor named Wu, who gave way.

There are many remains of Taibo in Suzhou and Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. Up to now, Hongshan (also known as Meilishan) in the east of Wuxi still has Taibo's tomb, which is one of the key cultural protection units in Jiangsu Province. The tomb is made of blue marble, surrounded by green grass all the year round, and the tombstone is square, engraved with three simple and elegant Chinese characters of "Taibo's tomb".

It is said that after Taibo's death, Wu people were all heartbroken. On the day of Taibo's burial, Wu people went to see him off in succession. Because Taibo liked to grow hemp before his death, people each picked a bunch of pockmarked seeds at their waist to express their nostalgia and condolences for Taibo. Since then, this custom has spread among the people for thousands of years, and to this day, it is still a funeral custom in some areas of the Chinese nation to wrap up the hemp for the deceased elders in Dai Xiao.

Taibo has no descendants. Later generations of Wu called him the ancestor of Kai, and called his brother Zhong Yong the ancestor of Wu. After taking over as the monarch of Wu State, Zhong Yong continued to develop the foundation laid by his brother. In the history of the development of Wu surname, Zhong Yong's position is second only to Taibo, which can be described as the second most virtuous person. After Zhong Yong's death, the Wu people buried him in Yushan, Wu State. The tomb of Zhongyong is located at the waist of Yushan Mountain in the northwest of Changshu City, Jiangsu Province today. The entrance of Zhongyong Tomb is at the foot of the mountain, facing the North Gate Street. The archway in front of it was built during the reign of Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty, with the words "Build the entrance of the sage Zhongyong Tomb". After entering the entrance of the tomb, you can see that there is a second archway with the words "Gongyou in the South" inscribed by Cao Xiuxian, the inspector of Jiangnan. There is a third archway in front of the tomb. On the front, there is a banner of "Tomb of the Sage Yu Zhong". On the stone pillars on both sides, there is a couplet: "It is the first time to be a national disaster, and a thousand years of famous mountains are still in danger." There are four tombstones on the tomb, one of which was erected in the middle of the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty. The stone tablet is well preserved and engraved with the inscription "Tomb of Duke Zhou of Shang Yimin and Yu Zhong". Zhongyong is still admired by the people in Changshu, and Yushan, the burial place of Zhongyong, has become a place for the descendants of Wu at home and abroad to seek their roots and ancestors.

Zhou Zhongyu

Zhong Yong was handed down from four generations to Zhou Zhang, who played an important role in the development history of Ji and Wu Dynasties. He never forgot that he was a descendant of Zhou people, so he was named Zhou Zhang. When Zhou Zhang succeeded to the throne as Wu Jun, the King of Wu had destroyed the business and established the Zhou Dynasty. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the system of enfeoffment was implemented, and the relatives of the king of Zhou, the heroes who destroyed the business, and the descendants of the sages of all previous dynasties were sent to various places to be princes. The Zhou Dynasty looked for the descendants of Taibo and Zhongyong to seal princes. Because Zhou Zhang had become a wu jun, he officially named Zhou Zhang as a sentence of Wu Guojun. Zhou Zhang's younger brother Zhong was sealed in Yu (now in Pinglu County, Shanxi Province) near Zhouyuan, listed as a vassal, and established Yu State. Later generations took Yu as their surname. Zhong is therefore called Yu Zhong, just like his ancestor Zhong Yong.

The kingdom of Wu and Yu brothers went through the whole Western Zhou Dynasty and spread to the country for more than ten generations until the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Yu State and Guo State (now Shaanxi County, Henan Province) are located in the south of Jin State, which controls the channel of Jin State's hegemony in the south of the Central Plains, so they became the first targets of Jin State's annexation. Guo Guo and Jin Guo are separated by Yu Guo. In order to prevent Yu Guo and Jin Guo from jointly resisting Jin, Jin Guo adopted a divide-and-conquer strategy, first destroying Guo and then breaking Yu Guo. In the spring of 658 BC, Xun Xi, the minister of the State of Jin, conspired with Jin Xiangong to design a plot of "cutting the enemy by false threats". Xun Xi, a minister of Jin Dynasty, sent a bribe to Yu Gong with a famous horse produced by Jin and a jade jade produced by hanging spines, and asked Yu Gong to take a road to Jin to attack Guo Guo. Yu Gong was really fooled, not only promised to take a road to Jin Guo, but also promised to send troops to help Jin attack Guo. Gong Zhiqi is a famous sage in the state of Yu, and he is deeply taboo in the state of Jin. According to historical records, "Gong Zhiqi is in danger, and Jin Xiangong is sleepless all night." When he heard about this, he hurried to meet Yu Gong, urging him to take advantage of Jin to attack the adverse consequences of Guo Guo on Yu Guo, but Yu Gong wouldn't listen. Previously, Dunyi, the border town of Yu State, was invaded by the neighboring country of Ji in the west. Seeing that the development of the situation was unfavorable to itself, Jin State sent troops to crusade against Ji State and lifted the crisis of Yu State. In Yu Gong's view, this time the State of Jin attacked the State of Guo, and Yu Guo should help the State of Jin to attack the State of Guo. Xun Xi, a Jin minister, finally persuaded Yu Gong, and the Jin Yu allied forces attacked the State of Guo. Although it did not destroy the State of Guo, it greatly weakened its strength. Three years later, the state of Jin saw that the time was ripe to destroy Yu and Guo, and did the same trick again. When Gong Zhiqi, the minister, heard this, he was terrified. He concluded that this time, the state of Jin would destroy Yu on the way back to Li, and he would remonstrate with Yu Gong to stop it.

Yu Gong didn't listen to the admonition, and agreed to lend Jin a way. Gong Zhiqi was helpless. He predicted that the state of Yu would be destroyed, so he led his people to leave the state of Yu. Before he left, he sighed and said, "I'm afraid the state of Yu can't even wait for the twelfth lunar month to worship his ancestors." Three months later, the Jin army destroyed Guo, and on the way back to the division, it destroyed Yu State. Since the brother of Zhou Zhang, Zhong Feng Yu, the state of Yu * * * has been 12 emperors. After the demise of the state of Yu, descendants took Yu as their surname to commemorate the old country, and the surname of Yu has continued to this day.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Guo lived in present-day Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi provinces, and moved to Shandong and Hebei. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, some people of the Guo family migrated to the south of the Yangtze River. During the Han Dynasty and a long period thereafter, Taiyuan was always the center of the development and reproduction of the Guo family. In addition, Guo lived in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Sichuan and Anhui in the Han Dynasty.

In the Three Kingdoms period, Guo Cheng, a Fuchun native (now Zhejiang), lived in the State of Wu. In the Jin Dynasty, Guo Fan, a native of Wuchang (now Hubei), and Guo Pu, a native of Wenxi (now Shanxi), fled to Jiankang (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. At the beginning and end of the Tang Dynasty, the Guo family of Henan Province migrated to Fujian twice: First, Guo Shuweng, a native of Gushi, Gwangju, entered Fujian with Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang, and settled down in Guodai Township, Longxi, and some generals assisted Guo Yi and also entered Fujian with Chen and his son; First, Guo Song wanted to enter Fujian with Wang Shenzhi from his younger brother Wang, and his family was in Xinning. His descendants were spread in Xianyou, Putian and Pengdao Township in Nan 'an.

in p>1127, Song Gaozong fled to the south, and a large number of people from the Central Plains fled to the south of the Yangtze River, living in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong, including many people named Guo. In the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, one family of the Guo family in Fujian moved to Taiwan Province, and then dispersed in Changhua, Chiayi and Kaohsiung counties, and later developed into one of the top ten surnames in Taiwan Province, and some people migrated to Europe, America and Southeast Asia.

III.No. of the County Lookout Hall

No. of the Hall

"Zunxian Hall": During the Warring States Period, Yan Zhaowang recruited talents, and Guo Kun said to him, "If you want to recruit talents, start with me. If you respect me as a sage, people who are more virtuous than me will come to you. " So King Zhao built him a palace called the Golden Platform and respected him as a teacher. So Le Yi, Zou Yan, Drama Xin and other talented people all joined the Yan State. Yan became strong.

Guo's other surnames are "Taiyuan", "Huayin", "Feng Yi" and "Fenyang".

county view

Taiyuan county: it was established in the warring States period. This branch of the Guo family belongs to the family of Han Guo Quan.

Huayin county: Han dynasty. This branch of Guo is a branch of Guo in Taiyuan.

Fenyang County: It was set in the Western Han Dynasty. This branch of Guo is a branch of Huayin Guo, and its ancestor is Guo Ziyi.

feng yi county: the county was established in the three kingdoms period. This branch of the Guo family is a branch of the Guo family in Taiyuan, and its ancestor was Feng Yi, the Taishou Guo Mengru of the Eastern Han Dynasty.

Changle county: it was established in the Han dynasty. This branch of the Guo family is a branch of the Guo family in Taiyuan, and its ancestor was after Guo Tai in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

xiping county: a county in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The Guo people who belong to the hometown of Xiguo migrated away. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the Guo family in Xiping became a prominent family because of the Queen Guo.

Dunhuang County: In the sixth year of Emperor Yuanding of Han Dynasty (the first 111 years), it was divided into Jiuquan County. Like the Guo family in Xiping, it was generally migrated by the descendants of Xiguo. Become a noble family in Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Zhongshan County: It was established during the reign of Emperor Gaozu of the Western Han Dynasty. At the beginning of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Guangwu Guo Empress was in its heyday.

IV. Historical Celebrities

Guo Ziyi, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier, quelled the Anshi Rebellion in the mid-Tang Dynasty, and was revered as a father in Dezong, also known as Guo Linggong.

Guo Shoujing, a scientist in the Yuan Dynasty, was an outstanding astronomer, hydraulic scientist and mathematician in the Yuan Dynasty. He presided over the compilation of the Calendar of Time Service, which lasted for 36 years and was the longest calendar in Chinese history.

Guo Jia: In the Three Kingdoms period, he was the counselor of Wei Cao Cao. Seek more and be good at fighting, and make contributions repeatedly, especially in the battle of Guandu. He died at the age of 38.

Guo pu: an exegetist in the eastern Jin dynasty. He is well-read and versatile, and he is good at writing strange words in ancient Chinese. His annotations, Erya, Biography of Mu Tianzi, Classic of Mountains and Seas, and Songs of the South, etc., are highly valued by later annotators.

Guo Jie: a ranger in the Western Han Dynasty. Break the festival with thrift, and repay the complaint with virtue.

Guo Zong: During the Warring States Period, he was a great industrialist. Became rich by operating the iron smelting and casting industry.

Guo Tai, a leader of the Confucian scholars in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is equally famous with Guo Ziyi in Guo's surname.

Guo Yu was a native of Guanghan in the Eastern Han Dynasty. A famous imperial doctor like Hua Tuo.

Guo Wei: the founding emperor of the later Zhou dynasty.

Guo Moruo: the most famous scholar in modern China. He is not only a proud figure of Guo, but also enjoys high prestige at home and abroad. He is an outstanding writer, poet, historian, playwright, archaeologist, archaeologist and famous social activist.