What are the four famous pavilions and four academies?

The four famous pavilions are famous scenic spots in ancient China, because of the poems and articles of literati. They are Zuiweng Pavilion in Chuzhou, Anhui, Taoran Pavilion in Beijing, Aiwan Pavilion in Changsha, Hunan and Huxin Pavilion in West Lake, Hangzhou.

The four major academies in China are Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan, Songyang Academy in Dengfeng, Henan and Yingtian Academy in Shangqiu, Henan.

Zuiweng Pavilion in Chuzhou, Anhui Province

Located at the foot of Langya Mountain in the southwest of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province, it is one of the famous historical sites in Anhui Province. This pavilion was written by Ouyang Xiu, a great essayist in the Song Dynasty. Zuiweng Pavilion is small and unique, with the characteristics of Konantei. It is close to the steep mountain wall, with cornices hanging in the air. Although it has been robbed and rebuilt many times for hundreds of years, it will never be forgotten. After liberation, the people's government listed Zuiweng Pavilion as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit and repaired it many times.

Taoranting in Beijing

Taoranting Park is located in the northwest of Taoranting Bridge on the South Second Ring Road in Beijing. The park covers a total area of 59 hectares, including water surface 17 hectares. The park was built in 1952. It is the earliest modern garden built in Beijing after the founding of the People's Republic of China. It is located in a scenic spot in Yanjing, known as "Doumen Resort", with a long history and mottled historical sites. The famous Taoranting and Bates Temple are located here. Beautiful garden scenery, rich cultural connotation and glorious revolutionary historical sites make her a tourist attraction.

Hunan Changsha Aiwan Pavilion

Aiwan Pavilion is located on Qingfeng Gorge Mountain behind Yuelu Academy. It has eight double-eaved columns, and the top is covered with green glazed tiles. The inner column is mahogany column, the outer column is granite square column, and the ceiling is painted with algae wells, which is very spectacular. In the fifty-seventh year of Qingganlong (AD 1792), it was built by Shanchang Luodian. Formerly known as "Hongye Pavilion", it is also known as "Aifeng Pavilion". Later, according to the Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu's "Mountain Walk", it was renamed Aiwan Pavilion, and the poem "Stop and sit in love with the maple forest late, and the frost leaves are red in February flowers" was adopted.

Hu Xin Pavilion in Hangzhou, Zhejiang

Records of the west lake in Yongzheng of Qing Dynasty, Volume 9: "The pavilion is in the middle of the whole lake. There are three pagodas outside the ancient temple in the middle of the lake. During the reign of Xiaozong in the Ming Dynasty, temples and pagodas were destroyed. Kao Tang's "County Records" said: There are three pagodas outside Hu Xin Temple, of which the South Pagoda and the South Pagoda are both abandoned. This is the North Pagoda Infrastructure Pavilion, which is called Pavilion. Rebuild Desheng Temple at the base of the old temple and release it. Accordingly, the old Hu Xin Temple is today's release pond, and today's Hu Xinting is the base of the three pagodas. In the thirty-eighth year of Emperor Kangxi of the Ming Dynasty in China, Emperor Saint Zuren inscribed "Observing Various Species" and inscribed "Natural Map" on the pavilion. Yongzheng was rebuilt in five years. " Sketch of Lakes and Mountains Volume III: In the thirty-first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty, Sun Meng, the magistrate, visited here and built a pavilion on it, named' Lu Zhen', but it didn't take long. According to the investigation of Xu Ting's naked reconstruction in Wanli four years, the forehead was called "too empty", and Sun Long, the ritual supervisor, built a happy pavilion around it, but it was collectively called "the pavilion in the lake". The state dynasty was heavily renovated, and the railings were carved on the left and right wings, with floors on them ... "In the twenty-seventh year of Qing Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong wrote the book" Bright and Clean Middle Edge ". With the fall of Hangzhou, War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the former site of Xiqing attic was transformed into the Temple of Wealth. After the victory of the anti-Japanese war, it was changed to Guanyin tuas hall. 1953 A double-eaved glazed tile reinforced concrete square pavilion was built on the original site of Kannonji, which was the first garden building in the construction of West Lake scenic spot in 1950s. 1980, at the southern end of the pavilion, is engraved with the Taihu stone tablet "Cocoon II". (See the Eighteen Scenes of West Lake in Qing Dynasty, "The Heart of the Lake is Flat". )

Bailudong Academy is located in the southeast of Wulaofeng, with a mountainous area of 3,000 mu and a building area of 3,800 square meters. Surrounded by mountains and rivers, it is quiet and quiet, and it is a national key cultural relics protection unit. Academy "started in Tang Dynasty, flourished in Song Dynasty, and continued in Ming and Qing Dynasties", which has been over 1000 years. During the Zhenyuan period of the Tang Dynasty (785-805 AD), Li Bo studied in seclusion here and raised a white deer for entertainment, which was called Mr. Bailuyuan. During the reign of Changqing (AD 82 1-943), Li Bo was appointed as the secretariat of Jiangzhou (now Jiujiang), so he built terraces and planted flowers and trees in Bailu. In the fourth year of the Southern Tang Dynasty (AD 940), the court set up the Lushan Guo Xue here, also known as Bailu Treasury, Bailu Guo Xue and Kuangshan imperial academy, which are just as famous as Jinling imperial academy. After the decline of the academy, it was revived and abolished. It was not until the Southern Song Dynasty that Zhu learned about Nankang Army that it flourished. Under the guidance of Confucian Neo-Confucianism, Bailudong Academy, relying on Lushan Mountain, a treasure trove of geomantic omen, and relying on the careful cultivation of scholars and enthusiastic educators in previous dynasties, has gained a profound culture different from that of temple-style state, government and county schools, which makes people yearn for, explore and pursue. This is why it has been full of vitality, soul and charm for more than 1000 years. Bailuyuan Academy is connected in series from west to east along the west of the official road in the existing buildings, and is composed of the academy gatehouse, Ziyang Academy, Bailuyuan Academy, Yan Hotel and other architectural communities. The buildings all face south, with stone or brick-wood structure, and the roof is a herringbone hard peak, which is quite elegant and indifferent.

Yuelu Academy is a national key cultural relic protection unit. Located at the mouth of Qingfeng Canyon at the eastern foot of Yuelu Mountain in Changsha. In the ninth year of Kaibao in the Northern Song Dynasty (976), it was founded by Zhu Dong, the governor of Tanzhou (now Changsha), and expanded by Li Yun, the governor of Xianping in the second year (999), forming the basic regulations of giving lectures, collecting books and offering sacrifices. In the eighth year of Dazhong Xiangfu (10 15), Song Zhenzong summoned the Zhou family in Shanchang and awarded the plaque "Yuelu Academy", which made it famous all over the world. In the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty (1 165), Hunan Anfu was rebuilt and invited Zhang? NC 12B？ The bishop incident pushed the college to its peak. Zhang? NC 12B？ Opposing the learning of taking advantage of the imperial examination and taking the cultivation of talents who preach and teach to solve doubts as the guiding ideology of running a school, its teaching methods such as "step by step", "learning and thinking", "integration of knowledge and practice", "comprehensive thinking and careful selection" still have reference significance. After three years in the main road, Zhu's visit to Fujian for academic exchange became a major event for a while. In the fifth year of Shao Xi (1 194), Zhu went to Tanzhou after being appointed as the ambassador of Hunan Anfu, where he expanded the academy, invited scholars, and awarded the Bailudong Academy Regulations to Yuelu Academy, which was new and spread to three places. Yuelu Academy is compared to "Zhu Si" and "Zou Lu" in the pre-Qin period, with Songyang Academy (Henan), Bailudong Academy (Lushan) and Yingtian Academy (Henan), and it is also called the four major academies in the Song Dynasty. During their lectures, Zhang and Zhu trained a large number of talents, such as Wu Lie, Peng Guinian, You Jiuyan and You Jiuhong. , known as the "Yuelu Giant". At the end of the Song Dynasty, Yuan soldiers went south, and all beings in the academy resisted Yuan Shoucheng. "He was Gordon, and the deceased was nine years old." After the Yuan Dynasty, the academy was destroyed and built repeatedly, old and fashionable. After vicissitudes of life, a large number of academic pillars have been cultivated, which can be described as "only Chu has material and prospers in Sri Lanka". Tao Shu, Wei Yuan, Zuo, Zeng Guofan, Guo Songtao, Li, Tang and Shen Zhou. It's all for this. In the 29th year of Guangxu (1903), the governor Zhao Erxun abandoned the academy and changed it to a higher school in Hunan, then to a higher normal school. 19 18 Hunan polytechnic college moved here, 1926 Hunan university was established. 1953 to 1959, Hunan Normal University and Zhongnan College of Architecture and Engineering successively used the college premises, and 1960 to 19 1 were handed over to Hunan University for use. The existing buildings were built in the Qing Dynasty. 1980 Hunan provincial people's government decided to allocate funds to repair Yuelu Academy,10.5 officially opened to the public. The restored academy covers an area of 25,000 square meters with a building area of 7,030 square meters. On the main axis, there are Qianmen, Hexi Terrace, Gate, Gate No.2, Lecture Hall, Imperial Bookstore, Main Building, Confucian Temple and Baiquanxuan in turn, and there are zhaishe on both sides of the gate. In addition, there are Taoist Temple, Sizhen Pavilion, Lianxi Temple and Chuanshan Temple, which are dedicated to Zhang Zhu, Er Cheng, Zhou Dunyi and Wang Chuanshan respectively. ?

Shigu Academy was founded in the 5th year of Tang Yuanhe (AD 8 10). At that time, Li Kuan, a famous figure in Hengzhou, was studying in a building next to the realistic view of Shigushan. In the third year of the Song Dynasty to Daoism (AD 997), Li Shizhen, a native of the city, expanded the courtyard as a place for scholars in Hengzhou to give lectures. In the second year of Jing You (A.D. 1035), the imperial court awarded "Shigu Academy", which is called the four major academies in China together with Suiyang Academy, Bailudong Academy and Yuelu Academy. After the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Academy has been expanded and renovated for many times. Han Yu, Zhou Dunyi, Zhu, Zhang Qian, Fan Chengda, Xin Qiji, Wen Tianxiang, Xu Xiake and Wang Fuzhi have come here to give lectures, or take poems as notes, or engrave on the wall, or find a secluded range rover, which is spectacular.

Yingtian Academy is located in the east of Shangqiu Old Town. In the Northern Song Dynasty, it was called the four major academies together with Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Yuelu Academy in Changsha, Hunan and Songshan Academy in Songshan, Henan.

Yingtian Academy, formerly a private school in the late Jin Dynasty, was developed through the efforts of its students Qi, who came from thousands of miles away and scholars from far and near returned. In the Northern Song Dynasty, when the government opened the imperial examination, Yingtian Academy was full of talents, and as many as 50 or 60 students participated in the imperial examination.

In Song Zhenzong, Songzhou (now Shangqiu), the place where Zhao Kuangyin of Song Taizu made his fortune, 1006 was changed to Yingtianfu, and 10 14 was promoted to Nanjing. 1009, Song Zhenzong officially awarded the title of Yingtianfu Academy. In Song Renzong, Yingtian Academy was changed to Nanjing imperial academy in l043, becoming one of the highest institutions of learning in the Northern Song Dynasty, equivalent to the current Academy of Social Sciences.

Since then, with the support of Cao Cheng and others, especially Yan Shu, a famous writer, the academy has developed greatly. Fan Zhongyan, a famous politician and writer, once taught here, and even more talented people came forth in large numbers, showing a temporary prosperity. Later generations also set up the "Inscription of Fan Wenzheng Gongjiao College" to commemorate them.

He' nan Dengfeng Songyang Academy

Songyang Academy, one of the national cultural relics of world historic buildings, is located at the foot of Jijunfeng, 3 kilometers north of Dengfeng, Henan. It is named because it is located in the sun of Songshan Mountain. Founded in 484 (the eighth year of Taihe in the Northern Wei Dynasty), it is called Songyang Temple. In 605 (the great cause of the Sui Dynasty), it was renamed Songyangguan and changed to Taishi Academy in the Five Dynasties. 196 1 year, People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the State Council were declared as national key cultural relics protection units. The 34th UNESCO World Heritage Conference was deliberated and approved on August 1 day, 1965, and eight historical buildings in Heaven and Earth (1 1) were listed as world cultural heritage, including the Shaolin Temple complex (often hospitalized, early ancestral temple, Tallinn) and the Three Ques in the Eastern Han Dynasty (Taishi Pavilion, Quemen, Shao Shi). Songyang College of Zhengzhou University has been established.