Lisbon (the capital of Portugal) is a complete collection of detailed information.

Lisbon (Portuguese: Li *** oa, English: Li *** on) is the capital of Portugal. Located in the west of the country, with sintra Mountain in the north and Tahoe River in the south, less than 12km from the Atlantic Ocean, it is the westernmost city in continental Europe and one of the famous cities in southern Europe. Lisbon is an industrial city and an international city. Now it is the political, economic, cultural and educational center of Portugal and a famous tourist city in Europe, receiving more than 6,543,800 visitors every year.

Lisbon Port is an international seaport. There are beautiful beaches along the Atlantic coast in the west of Lisbon.

Basic introduction Chinese name: Lisbon mbth: Portuguese Li * * * oa；; English? Li * * * On the administrative category: Portugal's capital area: Portugal's area: 84.8 square kilometers Population: 564,477 people Dialect: Portugal's climate conditions: Mediterranean climate famous attractions: St. George's Castle, Navigation Monument, Belé m Tower, geronimo Abbey and other airports: Lisbon portela International Airport's historical evolution, geographical environment, geographical location, climate, population, economy, industry, stock exchange, etc. Railways, aviation, ferries, culture, famous institutions of higher learning, cultural facilities, urban festivals, historical sites, sister cities and in 1 147, the first Portuguese king Alfonso I captured Lisbon. From 65438 to 0245, Lisbon became the capital and trade center of the Kingdom of Portugal. BC was founded for Phoenicians. It became the capital of Portugal in the13rd century. 1755, two-thirds of the whole city was destroyed by the earthquake, and the reconstructed new city was in a lattice layout. The city is expanding day by day. When it is prosperous, it is a trade hub between the Atlantic coast of Western Europe and the Mediterranean region, as well as between the East and the West. The strategic location is the Portuguese naval and air force base with international military facilities. Iberians have lived in Lisbon since the Neolithic Age. Roman rule began in 205 BC, when Caesar, the then ruler, upgraded the area to a city and named it "Tasmania, Felici" (meaning "Congratulations to Caesar"). However, it was occupied by barbarians in the 5th century and even by the Moors in the 8th century. The Moors who believe in Islam have built many houses and new city walls in addition to many mosques in the city. Under their rule, the city developed rapidly. At that time, people of different religions lived in this city, such as Christians, Muslims and Jews. The Moors ruled Lisbon until 1 147. They were defeated by the Crusaders led by Alfonso I, and Lisbon returned to the hands of Christians. From 65438 to 0256, Lisbon officially became the capital of Portugal and has since developed into an important trading city in Europe and the Mediterranean. In the era of geographical discovery, many navigators, such as vasco da gama, set out from Lisbon to explore all over the world. Therefore, in the16th century, Lisbon was the most glorious period, and a large amount of gold was shipped out of Brazil, the Portuguese colony at that time, making Lisbon the commercial center of the rich side of Europe. (See: Portuguese colonial empire) Lisbon 1755, [[Lisbon earthquake | earthquake]] occurred in Lisbon, which caused serious decline of cities and ports, and Portugal's national strength began to decline. Then in the19th century, Napoleon invaded Lisbon. At that time, the royal family fled to Brazil, and the city was also damaged to some extent. During World War II, Lisbon was one of the few open Atlantic port cities. 1983, Belem Tower and Genaux Nemo Monastery (Mosteiro dos Jerónimos) became world cultural heritage. From 65438 to 0998, Lisbon held the World Expo with the theme of "Ocean, Future Assets" to match the characteristics of Lisbon as a maritime city. The Expo lasted *** 132 days and received a total of10 million visitors. Geographical environment: Lisbon (Portuguese: Li *** oa) is the capital of Portugal, a southern European country. Located at the mouth of the Trouvat River in Iberian Peninsula (38 42' north latitude, 9 5' west longitude, and facing the Atlantic Ocean in the west. It is a typical marine city and the westernmost capital of the European continent. Lisbon was one of the most prosperous ports in Europe in the era of great navigation in16th century. Lisbon is located at the westernmost tip of the European continent, with an area of 84.8 square kilometers and a population of 565,000. Different from other major cities, the real "Lisbon City" is limited to its historical city, and its surrounding areas have developed into other cities. In fact, these cities are also part of greater Lisbon. To the west of the city is Monsanto Forest Park, which is one of the largest parks in Europe and covers an area of 10 square kilometers. The climate is Mount sintra in the north of Lisbon. Tejo River is the largest river in Portugal, which flows into the Atlantic Ocean through the south of the city. Influenced by the Atlantic warm current, Lisbon has a good climate, with no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. The average temperature in February is 8℃, and that in July and August is 26℃. Most of the year is sunny, warm and comfortable. Lisbon is one of the temperate cities in Europe. Generally speaking, Lisbon has an average of 3,300 sunshine hours and 100 rainy days every year. In spring, there is plenty of sunshine and only a little rain, and the temperature is about 10℃ to 27℃. Most of the summer is sunny, dry and hot, and the temperature is about 16℃ to 36℃. The temperature in autumn is mild, about 8℃ to 23℃. It is rainy and slightly cold in winter, and the temperature is around 0℃ to 18℃, generally around 10℃. As for snowfall, it is also rare. On October 28th and 29th, 20061October, a light snow fell because the cold front of the Arctic affected Europe, but there was no snowfall record for 40 years before that. In addition, the climate in Lisbon is also strongly influenced by the Gulf Stream. Population The population of Lisbon is about 564,477, with a population density of 6,658 /km2, while the population of Greater Lisbon is as high as 2,800,000 [3]. Greater Lisbon is one of the fastest growing regions in Europe. According to the estimation of the United Nations, the population of this area will increase to 4.5 million by 2050. Besides, Lisbon is the most livable city in Portugal, according to the statistics of the standard of living in the Portuguese newspaper Express. Economy Lisbon is the richest region in Portugal, with per capita GDP much higher than that of the EU, accounting for 45% of Portugal. Lisbon's economy is mainly supported by the service industry. In addition, many large companies are headquartered in the Greater Lisbon area, and the south bank of the Ruhe River is also quite industrialized. Industrial Lisbon is a city with developed industries. The south bank of the Teju River has become an important industrial center in Portugal. The main industries are shipbuilding, cement, steel, plastics, cork, textile, paper making and food processing. Lisbon's shipbuilding industry is world-famous, and it can manufacture 300,000-700,000 tons of various oil tankers. It also has the largest dry dock in Europe, which can repair large oil tankers with 6,543,800 tons. The annual ship repair volume accounts for 1/9 of the total ship repair volume in the world. Stock Exchange Lisbon Stock Exchange is a member of Euronext, which is formed by the merger of several exchanges in Amsterdam, France, Brussels, Belgium and Lisbon, Portugal, and its headquarters is in Paris. Urban construction Lisbon's landscaping work is excellent. There are 250 parks and gardens in the city, and the lawn and green area reaches 1.400 hectares. There are conifers, palm trees, bodhi trees, lemons, olives and figs on both sides of the road. The city is evergreen all the year round, and flowers bloom all the year round, just like a charming and fragrant garden. Lisbon is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the whole city is distributed on seven hills. From a distance, the red tile houses with different shades and the green trees with different shades complement each other, and the scenery is very beautiful. Lisbon transportation Lisbon is the national transportation hub and the largest port in Portugal. The port area extends 14 km, and 60% of the import and export goods in China are loaded and unloaded here. The traffic in Lisbon is dominated by cars and MRT. The MRT was put into use on 1959, with 20 stations and an annual passenger traffic of1320,000. In addition, there are cable cars and lift cars running on urban hills. At present, there are four routes in Metropolitano de Li *** oa. The operating fare adopts the zoning system, and the line located in downtown Lisbon adopts the unified fare. Starting from 20 10, is it a one-way 0.85 Euro urban tram? Karis City Trams Company currently has five systems. (No.12, 15, 18, No.25, No.28) The main lighting places are all connected to the urban tram. There are also three cable cars and buses of various routes. In addition, the famous St. justa elevator runs between Lower Pompa and Upper Lisbon. Can you love the romantic yellow tram railway (Fertagus) to go to coimbra? Santa Claus in Bordeaux? Apolonia Station, Kashgar Saudray Station in Kashgar direction and Rossio Station in sintra direction. The other terminal, Eurovision Station, was built to welcome the opening of the 1998 Lisbon World Expo. Aviation Porteira Airport: You need to take a shuttle bus or taxi when you arrive. The airport is very close to the city, so it takes about 10 euros to take a taxi from the city center. There are many ferry lines between the banks of the Trouvat River. A famous institution of higher learning with a famous culture: iscote-iul translated into: Lisbon University College, (English name): iscote–li * * on University College (iscote-iul), (Portuguese name): Instituto Superior de Ciê ncias do trabalho e da Empresa-Instituto Universitá Rio de Li * * OA; Portugal, founded in 1972, is the only comprehensive university offering all-round degree education. The university is located in the national university in Lisbon, Portugal. ISCTE Lisbon Technology and Business University has 19 departments (schools), and its main disciplines are: architectural science, applied technology science, health industry and medical management, applied business, hotels and tourism. Among them, ISCTE Lisbon Technology and Business University enjoys a world-renowned reputation in the fields of health industry and medical management science, and has established cutting-edge scientific and technological cooperation projects with universities in the United States, France, Germany and Poland. ISCTE Lisbon University College ISCTE Lisbon University College Cultural Public Facilities Lisbon National Library, built in 1796, is the most abundant library in China. There are many museums in Lisbon. There are16-1all kinds of royal wagons in the middle of the 9th century, including four-wheeled wagons, royal chariots, sedan-chair wagons and two-wheeled light wagons. Kalma Church was built in14th century, and now it has become an archaeological museum. Folk art museum, displaying modern and ancient decoration and folk art, etc. The Guben River Foundation in Lisbon is the largest cultural center in Portugal and one of the largest cultural centers in Europe. It aims to promote the development of education, culture, art, science and charity, with a capital of over 400 million dollars, and is one of the largest foundations in the world. The foundation is located in Gubenjiang Park. The headquarters of the foundation is connected with the museum. There is an art exhibition hall 60 meters long and 17 meters wide, and a hall with 1300 seats. The acoustics of this hall are very good. Symphony, ballet, drama, film and meetings can be performed. Each seat is equipped with simultaneous interpretation equipment in six languages. There is a rehearsal room and several small and medium-sized conference rooms next to the hall. There are more than 3000 kinds of eastern and western cultural relics on display in the museum. Next to the museum is the library with 65438+ 10,000 books. Gubenjiang Foundation has played an important role in promoting the development of Portuguese culture and education and strengthening international cultural exchanges. ISCTE Lisbon University College-China International Student City Festival Lisbon is an annual city festival and a traditional national festival of the Portuguese people. On the night of the city festival, the whole city is decorated with lights and colored lanterns. On this day, all districts held a grand parade. In the parade, people wore colorful traditional national costumes and held paper lanterns painted with famous buildings and interesting life scenes of citizens. Sports-related Sporting Lisbon Football Club has many monuments and memorials in Lisbon. Belem Tower, located on the Atlantic coast, was built in1early 6th century. At high tide, it seems to be floating on the water, and the scenery is moving. Geronimo Monastery in front of the tower is a typical Manuel-style building popular in the early16th century, with magnificent spirit and gorgeous sculpture. There are cemeteries of celebrities from all over the world in the yard, where Portuguese navigator da Gama and famous poet Camoanz are buried. The nearby navigation monument is beautiful and spectacular, and it looks like a huge sailboat sailing in the blue waters from a distance. The relief on the monument reproduces the heroic feat of Portuguese navigators who traveled around the world and struggled with the wind and waves. On the concrete floor of the square, a huge map of the world made by skilled craftsmen clearly marks the years, places and routes of Portuguese navigators sailing around the world, so that tourists can see the history of Portuguese navigation at a glance. Henry Monument is a sailing ship carved with stones (Henry made great contributions to Portuguese navigation in the15th century). The statue of Henry stands at the bow, surrounded by statues of the captain, geographer, mathematician and carpenter who assisted Henry. Pombauer Square was established to commemorate Marquis Pombauer's great contribution to the reconstruction of Lisbon, and a statue of Marquis Pombauer stood in the center of the square. Lisbon Cathedral is sunny, warm and comfortable most of the year. There is the Sa lazare Bridge on the river, with a length of 30 18m and a central span of 10 13m, which is the longest suspension bridge in Europe. Lisbon extends along ru river, and the urban area is very small, which is very suitable for walking. Liberty Avenue and Rossiu Square are the city center. The main historical sites are concentrated in the Alpha Horse area. Although the suburb of Belem is a little far from Lisbon, it does gather quite a few museums and historical sites, which is a must-see spot for a trip to Lisbon. The glory of the Portuguese empire is also preserved here. From well-maintained museums and historical sites, we can remember the prosperity and luxury of the empire. Lisbon's tourism has played an important role in promoting the development of the capital into a modern city. The beautiful beaches along the Atlantic coast in the west of Lisbon are famous tourist areas in Portugal, attracting more than 6,543,800 tourists from all over the world every year. Lisbon has become the largest tourist city in Portugal. Lisbon Beach Portuguese said that people who have never seen Lisbon have never seen beautiful scenery. The best street in this beautiful city is located at the mouth of the Teigas River (Tihe River), which faces the Atlantic Ocean, forming an inland sea called the "Australian Sea". It is one of the most magnificent natural ports in the world and is famous for its great navigators sailing here. When the sun sets on the hills on the north bank, Lisbon proudly displays her palaces, churches and old streets spanning seven hills. Although the old street is slowly fading, it still reminds people of the golden age of that year. The earliest Phoenicians berthed in this water area was in 1200 BC, and they later called this berth Li *** oa or Li * * * on the "Port of Peace". The city was first developed by Romans and Visigoths, and later occupied by Moors. The prophet's green flag fluttered on the fortifications of St. George's Castle in Lisbon for 400 years. 1 147, Lisbon was occupied by Christian Crusaders led by Alfonso I. The victory of the war was hard-won, and the decisive event was the sacrifice of Martin Monez. In order to let the Christian army attack the enemy's stronghold, Monez inserted himself into the gate of St. George's castle and was strangled alive so that the Christian army could break into the house. The treasure house of the city began to overflow. There are ships sailing from Lisbon to Africa for trade, and there are also transactions by land. /kloc-In the late 5th century, when vasco da gama discovered a new route to India, Pedro Abares Gabla turned Brazil into a colony, the capital of Portugal became one of the richest cities in Europe, and Portugal became a world power. The symbol of this golden age is the beautifully decorated Belem Tower on the Teigas River. Gold, silver, precious stones, silk, spices, exotic animals and plants such as live rhinoceros brought back from the sea are all unloaded near this watchtower. Manuel I always accompanied six elephants and a domesticated leopard when he reviewed the parade on special occasions. Thanks to God, King Manuel has the magnificent geronimo Monastery, which is an excellent example of Manuel architecture-a combination of Gothic, Moorish and Indian architecture. * * * It took 60 years to build this church with grey sandstone and three vaults. This temple is one of the few important buildings that survived the Lisbon disaster. An earthquake, three tsunamis, and a continuous fire on Halloween in 1755 destroyed the whole city. Thirty thousand people were crushed to death by collapsed walls, drowned by waves, or burned to death by raging fires. 15000 houses, 300 palaces and 1 10 churches were destroyed. The perfect proportion of Lisbon is attributed to the modern viewpoint of Marquis Pembal, who is in charge of urban reconstruction. Pembal built a 35,000 ㎡ commercial plaza next to a palace on the Teigas River, and now it has become one of the brightest gems in Lisbon. The Arc de Triomphe is on its north side, leading to the newly-built Baise District or Xiacheng District, and the pier is symmetrical. A fire here destroyed 18 buildings. Today, the border between Rossio and Besa has become the most active square in Lisbon. 1820, a so-called heretic was burned alive here. Not far from here is the magnificent Freedom Avenue. Pedestrians can enjoy the cool under oak trees and Osmunda japonica, or have a rest in the sunshade cafe on the roadside. While exhausted tourists read guidebooks and plan their rest of the day, many Lisbon people are enjoying their lunch break, despite the harsh car horns. This city with 850,000 residents has a lot to see. You can take the steep stairs to St George's Castle, visit one of the 42 museums, or try to take a cable car connecting the lower part of Lisbon with the upper part of the city. Or you can have a cup of espresso in the old "Poets' Club" coffee house, see the world passing by you, or eat some lobster with thorns in Ribadoro, and then maybe you can go to the "auspicious observation deck" and listen to the sweet and melancholy "Fado" while drinking wine, which Lisbon calls "homesickness". Twin cities * Qingdao, China (20 10) * Beijing, China (2007) * Macau, China * Athens, Greece * Guinea-Bissau, Guinea * Argentina * * and Buenos Aires * Budapest, Hungary (1992) * Jersey, USA * Angola * * and Luanda *. Madrid, Spain (1979) * Malacca, Malaysia (1984) * Maputo, Mozambique * Montreal, Canada * Nicosia, Cyprus * Paris, France * Cape Verde * * and Paya * Rabat, Morocco * Brasilia, Brazil * Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (1980) * Sao Paulo, Brazil * Sao Tome and Principe * Croatia. Kloc-0/977) City Honor 20 18 65448 1755 Earthquake 1755 Lisbon Earthquake occurred at 9: 00 am on June 1 755 65438+1October1Sunday. This is one of the most destructive earthquakes with the largest number of casualties in human history, with the death toll as high as about 60,000 to100,000 (830,000 people were killed or injured in the Mingjiajing Guanzhong earthquake). The ensuing fires and tsunamis after the earthquake almost burned Lisbon, which also made Portugal's national strength seriously decline, and the colonial empire declined from then on. Geologists estimate that the magnitude of the earthquake reached 9 on the Richter scale, and the epicenter was located in the Atlantic Ocean about 200 kilometers west-southwest of Cape San Vicente. Its influence has been studied on a large scale for the first time, marking the birth of modern seismology. This event was also widely discussed by philosophers of the Enlightenment, which inspired the development of theosophy and lofty philosophy.