The historical culture and modern value of the Three Kingdoms Sites in Baoji

The historical, cultural and modern value of the Three Kingdoms Sites in Baoji

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Baoji was called Chencang in ancient times, and its strategic location is very important. It is the transportation from Guanzhong to the southwest and northwest. The important road has always been a battleground for military strategists. Especially during the Three Kingdoms period, many wars took place here and many ruins were left behind, which are witnesses and memories of history. Inheriting and making good use of these cultures is an important responsibility of contemporary people.

1. The precious ruins of the Three Kingdoms in Baoji are historical memories.

More than a thousand years ago, some thrilling battles took place in Baoji (Chencang), and many stories that influenced the course of China were performed, making this place a place of high concern and well-known among people.

The plank road is a historical witness of the Three Kingdoms in Baoji. The plank road is a kind of road built along the cliff in ancient times. During the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang adopted Han Xin's strategy and ostensibly sent troops to repair the plank road. In fact, the main force secretly took a small road to attack Chencang. He won by surprise and captured Guanzhong, which played an important role in establishing the Han Dynasty. This event happened here. The Chinese idiom "Build plank roads in the open, build warehouses in secret" has been passed down to this day.

During the Three Kingdoms period, this place became a hot spot again. The ancient plank roads in Feng County and Taibai County under the jurisdiction of Baoji provided a convenient passage for Liu Bei's army to leave Hanzhong and march to Guanzhong for the Northern Expedition, leaving lasting glory.

Feng County, located at the southern foot of the Qinling Mountains, is known as the "Hometown of Plank Roads". The ancient city of Fengzhou is located at the center of the plank road and is known as "the first city on the plank road". Historical records record that "there are four plank roads, and three of them are phoenix roads", namely the famous Gu Road, Lianyun Road and Chencang Road. There are also three shorter return lanes on the east and west sides of these three plank roads, Tangcang Lake Field Road and Hechiguan Hechi County Road.

These plank roads form the plank road transportation network throughout Gufeng County. The Baoxie Plank Road in Taibai County was the main thoroughfare between Qin and Shu during the Han and Three Kingdoms periods. The road starts from the mouth of the Bao River Valley in the ancient Bao Kingdom (today's Bao Town, Hanzhong) in the south and ends at the mouth of the Xieshui Valley (today's Shitou River) in the southwest of Mei County in the north. It is 250 kilometers long. Along the way, ledge stacks are dug and planks are paved to form a plank road.

In the spring of the sixth year of Jianxing (228 years), Zhuge Liang made his first Northern Expedition. He "raised his voice to seize Xigu by Xiegu Road, and made Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi occupy Jigu as suspected troops." In the twelfth year of Jianxing ( The Fifth Northern Expedition in the spring of 234 (AD 234) "came out from Xiegu", which all refers to Baoxie Road. In August of the same year, after Zhuge Liang died of illness in the Wuzhangyuan Army, his body was still transported back to Hanzhong through this road and buried at the foot of Dingjun Mountain.

According to the "Taibai County Chronicles", Yaling, also known as Wulipo, was the Baoxie ancient plank road and the necessary place to enter Shu. Therefore, permanent barracks were set up, cities were built and troops were stationed for defense, and there were official offices. It is called "Yaling".

The battle between Wei and Shu in Chencang made Chencang famous. Volume 9 of "Three Kingdoms·Wei Zhi" records: "(Cao) Zhen punished (Zhuge) Liang behind Qishan, and he must leave from Chencang. He sent generals Hao Zhao and Wang Sheng to guard Chencang and govern the city." He ordered Hao Zhao to build a new Chencang City with more complete defensive functions below the Chencang City built by Qin Wengong. This was later called Chencang Lower City.

In December of the sixth year of Jianxing of the Shu Han Dynasty (AD 228), Zhuge Liang "left Sanguan and surrounded Chencang" and launched the second Northern Expedition. Zhuge Liang used ladders and rams to attack, while the Wei army used "rockets" to burn ladders and hurled rocks to hit rams; the Shu army filled the city trenches with soil, and the Wei soldiers built heavy walls in the city. The Shu army wanted to dig tunnels to break into the city, and the Wei army The soldiers dug trenches in the city to block it.

The two sides attacked and defended for more than 20 days. Due to the "lack of food and grass" of the Shu army, Wei sent general Zhang He for reinforcements, and Zhuge Liang was forced to withdraw his troops and return to Hanzhong. Wei general Wang Shuang pursued, but was ambushed by Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Chencang City is famous in the classics and has a reputation throughout the ages.

The Shu army and the Wei army held a stalemate in Wuzhangyuan for more than a hundred days. In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang's army left the mouth of Xiegu and arrived at Wuzhangyuan on the south bank of the Wei River.

In order to make long-term plans, Zhuge Liang sent some soldiers to build forts and prepare for battle; another group of soldiers were sent to farm in Wuzhangyuan and work together with the local people.

The Shu army has strict discipline, and the people and soldiers get along well with each other. Emperor Wei Ming sent Sima Yi to lead the Wei army across the Wei River, and also built a defensive fort to confront the Shu army. Zhuge Liang repeatedly wanted to fight the Wei army, but Sima Yi always held the camp firmly, so the two sides remained in a stalemate at Wuzhangyuan for more than a hundred days.

In the end, Zhuge Liang became ill due to overwork and died in the military camp. This left behind an allusion that "death before leaving the army will make the hero burst into tears."

Near Wuzhangyuan, the ancient battlefield of the Three Kingdoms, there are also Sandaoling Sima Yi's general worship platform, Wei Yancheng where Wei Yan was stationed, Anle Town, the stone inscription of the teacher's watch, Wuzhangyuan Wuhou Temple, etc., which all occupy a role in the culture of the Three Kingdoms a place.

The culture of the Second and Three Kingdoms is an important part of Chinese traditional culture with distinctive characteristics.

During the history of the Three Kingdoms, no one could destroy the three political forces of Wei, Shu, and Wu. Later, the Three Kingdoms eventually returned to Jin, and the culture of the Three Kingdoms was formed. According to scholars' summary of the culture of the Three Kingdoms, it can be roughly divided into three types: hero, wisdom, and ethics. They complement each other and are an important part of traditional Chinese culture with distinctive characteristics.

The first is heroic culture - the main theme of the Three Kingdoms culture. The outstanding appearance of the Three Kingdoms culture is its strong heroism. The Three Kingdoms was an era where heroes and heroes emerged in large numbers. During the Three Kingdoms period at the end of the Han Dynasty, magnificent wars for hegemony and annexation unfolded in all directions across China, and all classes of society were involved in a wave of great turmoil and reorganization. "Famous heroes meet in the flying clouds and meet each other thousands of miles away."

The Three Kingdoms period was such a typical "heroic era". The golden war and iron horses, the turbulent times, and the turbulent years brought about Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang, Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma, Huang and many other heroes. Characters come from all corners of society to the center of the historical stage.

They may be kings with their civilized and martial arts, or they may strategize with their intelligence, or they may gallop around with their superb martial arts, or they may devote themselves to their lives with loyalty, courage, or they may be admired by others for being outstanding. Their spiritual temperament and behavior style have left a group of distinctive and unforgettable heroic sculptures in Chinese history with a "heroic" demeanor.

The reason why later generations of society repeatedly talked about the story of the Three Kingdoms was precisely because of their distant attachment to the long-lost heroic spirit.

The second is wisdom culture - the charm of the culture of the Three Kingdoms. A "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" records a large number of historical facts about how intelligent people settled down and lived and managed the country, while almost half of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is about wisdom and strategies. Zhuge Liang, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty, was later hailed as the embodiment of the wisdom of the Chinese nation. , all show that wisdom culture occupies a large proportion in the culture of the Three Kingdoms.

The level of wisdom in the culture of the Three Kingdoms can be roughly divided into three types, namely political wisdom, military wisdom and life wisdom. It is a precious cultural heritage left to future generations by the history of the Three Kingdoms. The life choices and tragedies and comedies of the characters in the Three Kingdoms still have reference value even today.

The third is ethical culture - the foundation of the culture of the Three Kingdoms. This kind of ethics was first manifested in the so-called "legitimacy" dispute between Shu and Wei that lasted for more than a thousand years after the Wei and Jin Dynasties, that is, the legitimacy and falsification of the two major political powers of the Three Kingdoms;

The second is The culture of the Three Kingdoms shows a strong and distinct tendency of Confucian ethics and morals, and the high-level political and ethical value orientations and the ethical value orientations of the public in the Three Kingdoms culture remain in the same direction to a large extent, which constitutes a major feature of the Three Kingdoms culture.

In the history of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao and Cao Pi tried their best to create the myth of the destiny prophecy Fu Rui to usurp the Han and proclaim themselves emperor. After claiming to be King Jing of Shanshan of the Western Han Dynasty, he seemed to regard himself as the natural successor of Zuo of the Han Dynasty. Sun Wu ruled Jiangdong separately, and it was difficult to get involved with the Han Dynasty in all aspects. Therefore, the dispute over "orthodoxy" mainly existed between Wei and Shu. At that time, the struggle to be "orthodox" was nothing more than political needs.

Confucian ethics and moral concepts are very prominent in the culture of the Three Kingdoms. Confucian benevolence, righteousness, sincerity, and trustworthiness are all used as evaluation criteria for the praise and criticism of historical events and historical figures. Liu Bei, whether as a historical figure or a romantic figure, the most prominent impression given to people is the word "benevolence", and "benevolence" is the characteristic of Liu Bei's success.

On his deathbed, Liu Biao asked him to lead the herdsmen of Jingzhou, but he couldn't bear to take advantage of others' danger and declined. The scene when Jingzhou was in danger and couldn't bear to leave a hundred thousand people to follow the refugees was also really touching.

Because Liu Bei treated others with kindness, he was able to recruit Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong, Fazheng, Guan, Zhang, Zhao, Ma, Huang, and a large number of the world's first-class civil servants and generals to serve under his command. The forces of Shu Han conquered the southwestern mountains and rivers.

The long-standing culture of the Three Kingdoms has also undergone tremendous changes in its development today. People's demand for the culture of the Three Kingdoms no longer attaches importance to the original main value components. The heroic culture is declining day by day, and the ethical culture is gradually diluted. On the contrary, the hero worship of the Three Kingdoms was transformed into entertainment consumption, the cultural heritage of the Three Kingdoms was transformed into tourism economic development, and the wisdom culture of the Three Kingdoms was transformed into business war corporate culture.

Through the integration and transformation of modern society, the culture of the Three Kingdoms has completed the transition from classical to modern. Therefore, in addition to the economic development of the Three Kingdoms culture, it will still be our study of Zhuge Liang to carry forward its spirit of heroism, revitalize social spiritual glory, reasonably inherit the elements of faith culture that are beneficial to modern society, and educate young people on the historical wisdom and aesthetics of the Three Kingdoms. A major issue that has a long way to go with the culture of the Three Kingdoms.

3. The practical value of Baoji Three Kingdoms cultural heritage.

(1) Studying the culture of the Three Kingdoms can give us a deeper understanding of history and find the source of wisdom.

Among the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's "coercing the emperor to command the princes" was the most successful political strategy at the end of the Han Dynasty and the beginning of the Three Kingdoms. Cao Cao and Wei were able to transform from weak to strong in the chaos of warlords and unified half of the northern region. Political and military wisdom and strategies play a decisive role. Zhuge Liang undoubtedly had superhuman political wisdom. During the Western Jin Dynasty, scholar-bureaucrats commented on his "power, wisdom, and strategy, and his ability to surpass Guan and Yan."

An article called "Longzhong Dui" is the young Zhuge Liang's excellent analysis and prediction of the situation of the Three Kingdoms in the late Han Dynasty. Later, he presided over the implementation of the foreign and domestic affairs of the alliance with Wu to fight against Cao, pacified Nanzhong, governed Shu, and strictly governed the internal affairs. Therefore, in the Shu Han Dynasty, for a time, "officials did not tolerate adultery, people were self-motivated, moral principles were not lost, and weak officials were not allowed to do anything." Forced invasion, demeanor is awe-inspiring", which fully demonstrates the extraordinary political talent of Zhuge Liang, a generation of statesmen. Sun Ce and Sun Quan, their father and son, were also able to correctly assess the situation, and settled on Jiangzuo earlier, achieving hegemony in the southeast.

In particular, Sun Quan stabilized Wei and Shu externally, cultivated political principles internally, pacified Shanyue, treated the virtuous and corporal, and recruited talents, which made Sun Wu quite prosperous for a time. (2) Studying the culture of the Three Kingdoms can integrate the culture of the Three Kingdoms into corporate management.

The experience and wisdom accumulated in the battles between the heroes of the Three Kingdoms has important reference significance for corporate management decisions. In recent years, in our country, more and more attention has been paid to the role of the culture of the Three Kingdoms in corporate decision-making and modern business warfare. He has successively published works such as "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Business Strategy" by Guo Jixing and Li Shijun, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Modern Business Warfare" by Huo Yujia, and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the Decision-making Ability of Entrepreneurs" by Li Jixing.

As for the "warm management" method of applying Liu Bei's benevolent and considerate thoughts to business management, it has long become a common art for entrepreneurs.

The culture of the Three Kingdoms has also been introduced to Japan. Senior employees of famous Japanese companies such as Panasonic, Toyota, and Sony have experts who are proficient in Three Kingdoms as think tanks to plan business strategies for the enterprises.

Takeo Ohashi, a former manager of Toyo Precision Industry Company, once said with deep understanding: "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is a book about how to analyze the situation, mobilize favorable factors, defeat opponents, and strengthen oneself. It is worthy of Japan's Entrepreneurs should study it carefully.”

There are many books published in Japan on the Three Kingdoms and corporate business wars. The most famous ones include "The Study of Human Relations in the Three Kingdoms" by Yamano Hiroshi, "Learning from Chinese Military Generals: The Secret of Leaping in Troubled Times" by Fujita Yomichi, "The Wisdom of the Three Kingdoms" by Morino Naozhen, etc.

(3) Utilize the culture of the Three Kingdoms to develop tourism. Baoji has made new gains in developing cultural tourism by utilizing the resources of the Three Kingdoms.

Wuzhangyuan Zhuge Liang Temple, a famous site in the Three Kingdoms, was built in the Tang Dynasty. The temple faces south and faces north. It stands tall and majestic. Entering the splendid mountain gate, there are tall Xiandian, main hall, Bagua Pavilion, and eaves. The ridged beasts are in various shapes and colors, and the walls are colorfully painted. The walls on both sides of the hall are inlaid with Yue Fei's handwritten inscriptions on the front and back of the "Execution of the Master". They are made of 40 pieces of bluestone two feet square. "monument.

The backyard is the Berlin Bamboo Garden, where Zhuge Liang’s tomb is secluded in Berlin. The exquisite and beautiful Falling Star Pavilion stands in the center of the backyard. The corridor of stele surrounds the backyard, and the corridors of civil servants and generals are on both sides. The winding path leads to the quiet place. , elegant environment. Literati, officials and common people of all dynasties have written inscriptions and erected monuments to pay homage to the place through the ages. Many precious ancient cultures and ancient relics have been left here. There are also more than 20 famous ancient relics of the Three Kingdoms in the scenic area, such as the ruins of the Central Military Tent of the Shu Kingdom, Jiulong Mountain, the base camp of the Shu Army, Thirteen Pans of the ancient road where the Shu Army went to the plains to draw water, Zhuge Spring, the water spring, and Sima Yi's General Pavilion. , Huluyu, etc. are well known to women and children. Since the scenic spot was officially opened to the outside world in 1983, it has attracted an endless stream of visitors and has become famous at home and abroad. In 1991, it was named a provincial scenic spot. Now it has become a famous tourist attraction in central and western Shaanxi Province, receiving 150,000 Chinese and foreign tourists every year.

The ancient plank roads in Feng County and Taibai County have become tourist hot spots for people to explore the history of the Three Kingdoms. There are still 12 Baoxie Plank Road sites in Taibai County, including 4 in Yingge Town and 2 in Zuitou Town. 6 locations in Wangjiayu Town. The Yaling Three Kingdoms Cultural Theme Park has also been built, where tourists can not only appreciate the beautiful natural scenery, but also experience the heroic feelings of the Three Kingdoms era.

In recent years, in Caijiapo, Qishan County, Baoji City, a large-scale "Water City - Three Kingdoms Town" project is emerging in Wuzhangyuan. It has been built into the largest Three Kingdoms culture-themed cultural tourism town in China and will It has become a new highlight of Baoji’s all-region tourism and a new benchmark for cultural tourism.

Shuicheng? The Three Kingdoms Town takes water as its soul, connecting the turbulence of the entire Three Kingdoms. It combines with the Weihe River Wetland to take advantage of the situation and build a double-first-floor Three Kingdoms Cultural Experience Center, allowing tourists to experience immersion in the scenic spot. A new sense of style and scene-based tourism.

Shuicheng? Three Kingdoms Town project relies on the real history and culture of the Three Kingdoms, embraces the unique charm of the Weihe River Wetland, integrates the classic historical allusions of the Three Kingdoms, and uses a new perspective, multiple methods, and a combination of virtual and real techniques to create a Three Kingdoms It is a cultural and tourism town with a comprehensive cultural experience of the Three Kingdoms that takes cultural experience as its core and deeply integrates entertainment, performing arts, food, etc.

The project has seven major sections: Water City·Three Kingdoms Town, Three Kingdoms Hot Spring Resort Hotel, Three Kingdoms Film and Television City, Three Kingdoms Prayer Plaza, Three Kingdoms Military Museum, Three Kingdoms Farming, and Three Kingdoms Entertainment, allowing you to experience the different regions in the north and south of the Three Kingdoms. Culture, food, catering and folk customs, etc. Shuicheng·Sanguo Town covers a total area of ??nearly 8,000 acres (including Weihe River Wetland). The first phase of the project under construction, Shuicheng Sanguo Town, covers an area of ??approximately 150 acres, with a construction area of ??approximately 85,000 square meters.