The Incident of Tumubao and the Battle of Liaodong Process

The change of Tumubao, the process of the Battle of Liaodong

On August 4th, Xinhai, the second drop of water; on August 5th, Renzi, the second Hongzhou Fangcheng; on August 6th, Gui Chou, the next day is Baideng; on August 7th, Jiayin is to the west of Huai'an City; on August 8th, Yimao is to Wanquanyu Valley; on August 9th, Bingchen is to Ciyang and Beishaling; on August 10th, Dingsi is At the time of Xuanfu, the Wala army had already chased them. However, Yingzong marched all the way, Jinyiwei and Ye Bushou had no information about the enemy's situation from the Ora army. It was not until August 13th that the army was about to launch.

The Fourth Army of Walas had also begun to take action. At that time, the highest civil and military officials in Liaodong were Wang Ao, the governor of Liaodong, and Cao Yi, the commander-in-chief of Liaodong. Wang Ao was a famous official of his generation, known as "upright and strong" and " Cao Yi "has no great achievements, but he can guard the border". However, in this sudden battle, his performance was a mess.

Under the leadership of Tuotuo Buhua, the Wala army made rapid progress. In mid-July, they captured Liaodong Zhenbao (now northwest of Heishan County, Liaoning). The defender Zhao Zhong died in the battle, and then quickly on July 2 On the 10th, the army arrived at Guangning (today's Beizhen County, Liaoning), where the governor of Liaodong was stationed. The situation at that time was described in more detail in "Records of Lieutenants of the State" than in the original biography of "History of the Ming Dynasty". It is quoted as follows

< p>In August of that year (should be July), the barbarians also invaded the army first, and they divided tens of thousands of bandits into Guangning. At that time, Aofang sat in the training ground and rewarded the sergeants. He also ordered the three armies and distributed the generals as a plan to control the prisoners. Unexpectedly, the vanguard of the captive cavalry suddenly arrived, and our army was completely defeated. Ao Ji returned to the city and gathered his scattered soldiers. They were outnumbered and we were invincible, so we ordered to fortify the walls and fortify them. There were those who said that the city could not be defended to confuse the crowd. He drew his sword in anger and said to the crowd: "Behead those who dare to conspire against the enemy." , or attack on its left and right sides, the thieves could not rest, and since they had plundered a lot of baggage, they fled soon.

Historical data shows that although the incident happened in a hurry, Wang Ao's command was still very calm. However, Korean historical data can better show the full picture of this battle: In August Wushen, Tongshi Li Yude rushed from Liaodong to report: "I paid a visit to Lord Si Wang of the capital, saying that there is a very urgent news from the west. Foreign Lang Xie Ben said: 'On July 20th, Dada also entered the Great Wall at night, and the commander-in-chief of Guangning did not know. The thieves left the school grounds and dispersed silver among the sergeants. They also came straight forward with soldiers and horses. The chief military officer and the sergeants rushed into the city and defended themselves behind closed doors.

They also surrounded the city with three layers of soldiers and horses, capturing one thousand soldiers and eight horses. Thousands of horses. 'From Guangning to Liaodong Zhan Road, all the people and horses were plundered, and they rode to the east and west gate of Liaoning. The ministers also came out in a panic. "When the drums were heard day and night, the officials were summoned to discuss the preparations for the two borders. At the end of the day, Tongshi Jin arrived in Liaodong from An, and the advance guard rushed to report: "I saw the Dongning guard Pu Zhen, asked about the news, and replied: 'Dada surrounded Guangning, did not pull out for three days, relieved the siege, and retreated to a place ten miles away. . '

The Dongning Guards commanded Gaohong Town's Lushun Pass. Hearing Dada's message, he led his troops into Liaodong City. The gatekeeper mistakenly thought that Dada's soldiers were coming and knocked down the gate. They came to destroy the walls of Guangning and other departments for more than 40 miles, and the guards came to report. The chief military officer of the supervisory army and others all said, "You are wrong." If you don't believe it and don't take precautions, Dadaguo will rush in and capture people and animals.

Dada held the Goryeo and Jurchens, and said: "You are all here to plant it." He braided his hair and ordered. If they are Han people, their noses and ears will be cut off. The Dongning guards said: 'We are originally Koreans. China is in such chaos that we want to join Yizhou, but we don't know whether to do so.'"

According to North Korean accounts, when the military report of the enemy's invasion reached the General Soldier's Office, the General Soldier and others did not believe it and did not take any precautions. This led to this great defeat. Although Wang Ao was able to keep Guangning, but he could only strengthen the walls and clear the country. Not to mention the commander-in-chief Cao Yi, as the highest military general in the local area, he could not play any role at all. Fortunately, he was not ambitious and he quit after a little depth. .

In mid-September, Wang Ao and others checked the troops and found that this battle had suffered heavy losses: "More than 30,000 thieves entered the country, broke into 80 post houses and villages, and captured 10,000 officials, men, and women with military flags." There are more than 3,280 people, more than 6,000 horses, more than 20,000 cattle and sheep, and more than 2,000 pieces of armor." Wang Ao and Cao Yi were also fined for half a year. This battle in Liaodong was a complete defeat.