Characteristics and customs of solar terms in beginning of spring What are the characteristics and customs of solar terms in beginning of spring?

1, characteristics of solar terms in beginning of spring

In early spring, westerly jet, the southern branch of East Asia, began to weaken, while the strength and location of westerly jet, the northern branch of East Asia, remained basically unchanged. The Mongolian cold high and Aleutian low are relatively strong, but in the interval affected by strong cold air, the frequency of southerly wind increases, accompanied by obvious warming process. Spring has begun. In nature, the most striking feature is that everything is beginning to show signs of recovery. Since the solar terms in beginning of spring, the time series has entered the spring. In nature and people's minds, "spring" means warm weather and the revival of everything. As far as beginning of spring is concerned, in China, the Tropic of Cancer and its south area, the sun is in harmony and everything is in spring, and you can obviously feel the breath of early spring. In most parts of northern Israel, it can only be said that it is a prelude to spring, and it is still in the winter when everything is hidden, and it is still snowing in some places. The area north of the Tropic of Cancer (Jiao Jiao, Huangchi), the farther away from Jiao Jiao, the later the spring comes.

China has a vast territory, mainly located in the middle and low latitudes. Low latitude refers to the spatial range between 30 degrees north and south latitude on the earth's surface, that is, the area between 30 degrees north latitude and 30 degrees south latitude, including tropical and subtropical hot zones, which is the area where global solar radiation and heat are concentrated. China's low latitudes (South China) are characterized by abundant precipitation, abundant sunshine, small temperature difference between winter and summer, and obvious seasonal changes in sunshine, precipitation and other climatic factors. Mid-latitude is the latitude zone between 30 and 60 degrees north latitude. The main air masses at high latitude and low latitude overlap each other in this area, and cyclone activities are frequent. Mid-latitude areas (northern areas) are characterized by less precipitation, dryness and large temperature difference between winter and summer. Temperature is the obvious change of climate factors during seasonal changes. The climate varies greatly at different latitudes.

Beginning of spring is one of the "four stops". "Li Si" marks the rotation of four seasons, and reflects the laws of phenology, climate and other changes, such as spring and summer, autumn harvest, winter storage, and changes in light, precipitation and temperature. Beginning of spring is the time when the sun be the spirit was born, everything revived, and everything germinated and grew with the rise of the sun be the spirit. China has a vast territory, complex geographical conditions and great differences in climate, so the specific climate significance of "Li" does not apply to all parts of the country. "Li" is just a reference in many areas. Its corresponding area is the dividing line between Lingnan and winter and spring, at the intersection of yellow and red. It is located in the first line from Guilin, Guangxi to Ganzhou, Jiangxi. When the sun reaches 3 15, the area south of this line will have the breath of spring. However, 93% of China's land area is still in winter, and spring often comes to Heilongjiang in Grain Rain or in the long summer.

2. The custom of solar terms in beginning of spring

(1) Beat spring cattle

There is a kind of spring cattle made of Sang Mu as the skeleton, which is a "cow" specially used for the custom of "beating spring cattle". On the morning after the winter solstice, people use clay to synthesize clay blank and carve it into the shape of a cow. Draw a pattern at 4: 08 and 360 days 12 hours. The day before the start of spring, officials and people offered sacrifices on the agreed agricultural altar. Later, the county deacon (county magistrate) personally whipped the "spring cow" to show the beginning of spring ploughing. Then, the masses began to plow the fields. Playing "Spring Cattle" while plowing, shouting: "A dozen good weather"; Two dozen copies of National Peace and Security; There are three dozen auspicious words, such as "the grain is abundant".

(2) Dai Chun Chicken

This is an ancient custom of Tongchuan people in Shaanxi Province. Every year on beginning of spring Day, the mother makes a 3 cm long cock out of cloth and sews it on the child's hat to express her wishes for the "spring chicken". Women hang beans on horns with thread, or tear them off cows with beans, thinking that this will save children from measles. The former is called "barnyard grass rash" and the latter is called "scattered rash".

(3) Ju Mang God

Ju Mang is the god of spring, that is, the god of plants and life. Ju Mang's image is a bird with human face and rules. On this day in beginning of spring, folk customs mainly focus on spring affairs. During the Zhou Dynasty, the East Hall was set up to welcome the Spring Festival, which shows that there is a long history of offering sacrifices to Ju Mang. During the Spring Festival in Ju Mang, Shandong Province, according to Ju Mang's clothing, the climate of that year was predicted: wearing a hat represents warm spring, balding represents cold spring, wearing shoes represents more spring rain, and barefoot represents less spring rain. Around Guangzhou and beginning of spring, people used drums to drive away the plague and pray for peace.

(4) Paste spring cattle

The custom of sticking spring cattle began before the beginning of spring. According to the traditional practice, the county government (county government) hired experts and craftsmen in paper binding to get together in the county town before the spring, and carefully made images of spring cattle. Generally, bamboo sticks are tied into the skeleton of a cow, spring wood is used as legs, paper is pasted and paint is applied, and the image of a cow is successfully made. It is said that a lot of red and yellow papers were posted on it, and that year was a "bumper harvest"; Paste on black paper, the harvest was not good that year. So the magistrate arranged to win people's hearts with red and yellow paper. After the spring cattle were pasted, a ceremony was held to make the finishing point, that is, an incense table was set up and a bow was made to worship.

(5) Spring Festival

In order to welcome the spring, we should first choose a field with good feng shui in the county and set up a "spring shed" to prepare for the spring. Spring sheds are generally set on major traffic routes to facilitate the gathering of people. Put colorful flags around. The Spring Festival is held on the same day in beginning of spring. The specific time is based on the almanac, sometimes during the day and sometimes at midnight. Spring Festival activities are generally carried on the parade of Spring Officials in the mighty ceremonial procession, which is unparalleled in the style of demonstration. There are also steamed buns and Emma, dressed in robes and jackets, or all kinds of strange clothes, sitting on the wooden poles carried by the two of them, playing and playing, which makes people laugh. The team of Yingchun gathered in front of the shed from all directions, and then went to the county government to announce the good news of Yingchun.

(6) You Chun and Bao Chun

After celebrating the good news of the Spring Festival, we started our spring trip. The gongs and drums teams and honor guards of the villages and clubs walked in front, and the huge statue of spring cattle carried by four or eight people walked behind. Walking and jumping, gongs and drums are loud and firecrackers are ringing. The parade was huge and spectacular. Go through villages, streets and alleys.

After entering the spring outing field (review field), the spring outing team swam around the field twice, and then lined up to stand on the arranged field. At this time, the magistrate of a county was respectfully invited to sit in the spring shed and held a ceremony to announce that spring had arrived. According to the traditional custom, there is a newspaper station, wearing strange clothes and holding a red and yellow flag. The first newspaper on the stage-"Good weather", the masses echoed in unison; The second newspaper, The Harvest of Grains, was echoed by the masses. The third newspaper, Peace and Prosperity, was echoed by the masses again. Everyone who comes to the newspaper has a reward.

(7) Spring Society

This is the day of offering sacrifices to the land gods in ancient spring. The Zhou Dynasty was the first day of junior high school, and most of them were held on the fifth day after beginning of spring. "The Book of Rites of Mingtang": "It's summer _, autumn flavor, winter sincerity, spring society, autumn province, and then big wax, offering sacrifices to the heavenly son." Before the Han dynasty, there were only spring festivals, and after the Han dynasty, there were spring festivals and autumn festivals, which were held around the vernal equinox and autumn equinox. Social day is mainly about offering sacrifices to gods, and it also means gathering with neighbors. In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Zonggu wrote Chronicle of Jingchu Age: "On the social day, the neighborhood became a comprehensive society, offering sacrifices to mash, living under a tree, offering sacrifices to the gods first, and then celebrating the past." Wang Jia, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "Society Day": "Sang Zheying leaves the Spring Society and everyone is intoxicated." It can be seen that the ancients attached great importance to offering sacrifices to the country, and later it became a custom passed down to later generations and became a sacrificial activity, which implied the multiplication of all things on the earth, praying and offering sacrifices, so as to make the six animals flourish and the grain harvest plentiful.

(8) Posting Yichun calligraphy and painting

Spring is coming, and it is the custom of Chang 'an in Tang Dynasty to stick Yichun calligraphy and painting on the door wall. According to records, at the beginning of spring, Chang 'an people in the Tang Dynasty often posted calligraphy and painting on their doors, with the words "Yichun" and "Yichun painting" on them. Such as "Welcome Spring", "Happy Spring", "Beautiful Spring" and "Warm bloom in Spring". Others put messages of wishes on the lintel to express their wish to welcome the spring. People who can draw often draw wintersweet on the lintel.

(9) eat spring rolls

Eating spring rolls was originally an inseparable part of beginning of spring season. However, this festival custom has faded a lot now, and even many young people don't know this custom. Nowadays, people eat noodles and jiaozi instead of spring plates, spring cakes and spring rolls to welcome the arrival of spring. Therefore, there is a saying among the people that "jiaozi welcomes the spring and plays spring noodles". Beginning of spring's custom spring rolls have become a popular flavor food. Nowadays, spring rolls with golden color, crispy skin and tender meat, and attractive aroma have become a unique and popular dish at many hotel banquets.