Fire escape and self-rescue methods

Fire is almost the most common and most likely disaster around us. It is very necessary for us to master certain fire escape and self-rescue knowledge. Since people in a fire scene may suffer burns, suffocation, poisoning, explosion hazards, being buried by collapsed objects and other accidental injuries, the basic principle of avoiding danger in a fire scene is to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, and escape first. According to the Chengdu Public Security Fire Brigade on March 20, a fire broke out in a computer mall in Wuhou District, Chengdu. Fortunately, there were no reports of casualties. Today I will summarize for you some basic fire escape methods.

Calm down comes first. First of all, you must calm down. If the fire is not big, you can take measures to put it out as soon as possible. If the fire is severe, call the police immediately and evacuate quickly.

Pay attention to the wind direction. The evacuation direction should be determined based on the wind direction when the fire occurs. Before the fire spreads, quickly leave the fire area in the upwind direction. Generally speaking, when a fire breaks out on a floor above your own, you should run downstairs quickly. When escaping, be sure to close the doors and windows on the passage to prevent and delay the flow of smoke to the escape passage.

Cover your nose with a towel. Fire smoke has the characteristics of high temperature and high toxicity, which can easily cause burns or poisoning of the respiratory system if inhaled. Therefore, cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel when escaping, and try to avoid shouting loudly to prevent smoke from entering the mouth. You can also find water to wet clothes and cloth to cover your mouth and nose. When passing through a dense smoke area, move forward as quickly as possible in the lowest or prone position. Note that breathing should be small and shallow.

Escape with a rope. If the passageway to the building is blocked by fire and you have no way to escape, you can tear the sheets, quilts or curtains into strips, tie them into ropes, tie them tightly to the window sill, and slide down the ropes. If you have a rope at home, you can directly tie one end of it to a door, window cabinet or heavy object and climb down the other end. During this process, you should pay attention to using your hands and feet together (your feet are twisted to clamp the rope, and your hands are climbing up and down alternately), and you should pay attention to protecting the handles to prevent them from falling off or being worn when sliding down.

Temporary refuge. When there is no way to escape, you should actively seek temporary shelter. If you are in a large comprehensive multi-functional building, you can use the refuge rooms located at the end of elevators, corridors and near bathrooms to avoid the hazards of fireworks. If you are temporarily trapped in a room, close all doors and windows leading to the fire area, block the gaps between doors and windows with soaked bedding, clothing, etc., and splash water to cool down to prevent the intrusion of external flames and smoke. When trapped, take the initiative to contact the outside world in order to be rescued as soon as possible.

Hide against the wall. When firefighters enter a burning house, they always grope along the walls. Therefore, when they are suffocated by smoke and lose the ability to save themselves, they should try to roll toward the wall or the door. At the same time, this can also prevent the house from collapsing and injuring yourself.