Design of evaluation index system for the impact of geological environment on urban sustainable development in Langfang urban planning area

This section will design a comprehensive set of geological environmental problems in the urban planning area of ??Langfang City since 1996 and their comprehensive impact on the urban socio-economic and socio-economic development process from the perspective of sustainable development. This evaluation index system is used to evaluate the comprehensive impact of the geological environment in the urban planning area of ??Langfang City on the sustainable development of the city, so as to systematically evaluate the impact of the geological environment on the sustainable development of the city in the urban planning area of ??Langfang City since 1996. This indicator system covers basic indicators in the aspects of environment, economy, society, comprehensive impact of geological environment, etc., and generally reflects the impact of urban geological environment on the sustainable development of urban planning areas in Langfang City since 1996.

1. Principles of design

So far, no index system has been established in China to evaluate the impact of urban geological environment on regional sustainable development. What is available is a variety of single, Scattered indicators, the evaluation index system we plan to establish is based on the geological disaster evaluation index system and the regional sustainable development evaluation index system, and will be further systematized, deepened, extended and expanded to form a comprehensive impact of the urban geological environment on the region. An evaluation index system centered on the impact of sustainable development should follow the following principles when constructing:

(1) Fully reflect the characteristics of the impact of the geological environment on the city and the meaning of regional sustainable development. While reflecting the direct destructive effect of urban geological disasters on human life and property, it is also necessary to emphasize the damage of geological disasters to land resources and ecological environment. While reflecting the harm of geological disasters to the actual development level of urban social economy, it is also necessary to emphasize the impact of geological disasters on Harms to the basic capabilities of urban socio-economic sustainable development.

(2) Clarify the affiliation. The urban geological environment comprehensive impact evaluation index system is a component of the natural disaster evaluation index system, and the natural disaster evaluation index system is a subsystem of the urban sustainable development evaluation index system. Therefore, the urban geological environment comprehensive impact evaluation index system must coordinate with the natural disaster evaluation index system and the urban sustainable development evaluation index system to form an organic series.

(3) Comprehensive, comprehensive and systematic. Focusing on urban geological environment and urban sustainable development, relevant indicators are organically combined and linked. And based on the causal and inclusive relationships between each indicator, a comprehensive evaluation indicator system with clear goals, clear levels, and clear structure is constructed.

(4) Relativity, dynamics and comparability. Indicators at each level can fully reflect spatial and temporal changes, facilitating comparison between different regions and different times, and comparison with other natural disaster-related indicators.

(5) Scientific and practical. Each indicator has a relatively standardized scientific explanation, which can not only reflect the natural and socio-economic attributes of geological disasters, but also conform to the theory of sustainable development. When establishing an indicator system, it is required to be comprehensive and systematic, but when evaluating certain specific issues, it is also required to be concise and practical and not too complicated.

(6) Operability. The indicators have clear meanings, moderate amounts, easy data acquisition, and convenient analysis and model analysis. Indicators should be deleted and updated as needed, or some original indicators should be synthesized and subdivided to generate some required derived indicators.

(7) Principle of hierarchy. Indicators can be divided into different levels according to the amount of information. The total amount of information presents a pyramid shape, while the degree of concentration of information decreases.

(8) Quantification. Each indicator in the evaluation indicator system is required to be as quantitative as possible.

On the contrary, it is prone to sudden deterioration or even collapse. Therefore, for the sustainable development of Langfang City's urban planning area, it is urgent to strive to improve the city's comprehensive economic strength, increase the total GDP and the amount of per capita GDP, so as to compete in the future urban economy. in an invincible position.

②High-efficiency conversion system. In the process of transformation from natural substances to economic substances and then to waste, it is necessary to have less input of natural substances, more output of economic substances, and less excretion of waste. The effective operation of this system is based on a reasonable industrial structure and the depth of development of each industry. Therefore, from the overall structure of the three industries, it must be an inverted pyramid structure of tertiary industry>secondary industry>primary industry, and form a reasonable proportional relationship. The proportion of the tertiary industry is preferably above 70. From the analysis of various industries, in addition to further developing trade, finance, insurance, real estate and other industries, the tertiary industry also needs to vigorously develop the information industry and improve the level of informatization. The secondary industry must develop towards a high level and ecologically, making full use of various natural resources to maximize marginal output and minimize pollution to the city. At the same time, the proportion of high-tech industries in the secondary industry must be increased. The primary industry should focus on green products and green industries.

③Export-oriented economic system. In modern society, with the globalization of economy, cities have become a node of the world economy and are increasingly subject to competition not only from domestic cities, but also from foreign cities. Therefore, if every city wants to develop in the competition, it must not only strengthen its internal connections, but more importantly, strengthen its connections with foreign cities. For the Langfang City Urban Planning Area, it must not only make full use of its superior geographical location, on the one hand, actively develop economic ties with inland cities; on the other hand, it must also develop ties with foreign big cities and vigorously develop export-oriented economy.

(3) Sustainability of social subsystems. The social subsystem is composed of a social service system with the purpose of improving people's quality and efficient circulation system. Its sustainability means that people communicate harmoniously, people's quality gradually improves, social services gradually improve, and overall Promote the continuous improvement of material and spiritual civilization. Specifically including the following two aspects.

①Highly efficient circulation system. Modern urban infrastructure should be used as a supporting framework to create conditions for the movement of logistics, energy flow, information flow, value flow and people flow, thereby reducing economic losses and damage to the urban ecological environment in the process of accelerating the orderly movement of various flows. pollution and facilitate people's production and life. Specifically, it includes a transportation system, a fast and orderly information transmission system based on digitization, integration and intelligence, a complete and powerful material and energy supply system and a business with a complete network, reasonable layout and good service. financial services system.

② Highly civilized humanistic environment. It has a developed education system, high population quality, good social atmosphere, orderly social order, rich and colorful spiritual life, good medical conditions and a peaceful community environment. At the same time, people can maintain a high degree of awareness of the living environment, consciously maintain public and ethical standards, and use this to regulate their own behavior.

2. Comprehensive impact subsystem of urban geological environment

The comprehensive impact subsystem of urban geological environment is composed of the impact subsystem of urban geological environment on the city and the urban disaster prevention and reduction subsystem. How well this system operates directly affects the operation of the urban sustainable development system, that is, it directly affects the sustainable development of the city. The operation of this system is to fully understand the characteristics of urban geological environmental problems, effectively strengthen the city's disaster prevention and reduction work, reduce the losses caused by urban geological environmental problems to the sustainable development of the city, and reduce its restrictive effect on the sustainable development of the city.

(1) The impact of urban geological environment on the city subsystem is an evaluation system with the purpose of evaluating the impact of urban geological environment problems (earthquakes, land subsidence, urban water and soil pollution, etc.) on the city. It mainly reflects the impact of urban geological environment on the city. The impact of geological environment on cities. As far as the urban planning area of ??Langfang City is concerned, it specifically includes the following three aspects:

①The impact of urban earthquake disasters on the city.

For the urban planning area of ??Langfang City, the risk of earthquake disasters is relatively high, and the losses caused by earthquake disasters to the city will be huge. Only by fully recognizing the danger of earthquake disasters and the seriousness of the losses that will be caused to the city, and taking effective preventive measures, can we reduce and mitigate the losses caused by earthquake disasters to the city and promote the steady development of the city.

②The impact of urban land subsidence on the city. For the urban planning area of ??Langfang City, the risk of land subsidence disasters is relatively high and its development is accelerating. The losses caused by land subsidence disasters to the city will be huge. Only by fully recognizing the danger of land subsidence disasters and the seriousness of the losses that will be caused to the city, and taking effective preventive measures, can we reduce and mitigate the losses caused by land subsidence disasters to the city and promote the steady development of the city.

③The impact of urban water and soil pollution on the city. For the urban planning area of ??Langfang City, the current situation of urban pollution is not optimistic. There are signs of gradual aggravation of pollution, and the losses caused by urban water and soil pollution to the city will be huge. Therefore, only by fully recognizing the dangers of urban water and soil pollution and the seriousness of the losses that will be caused to the city, and taking effective preventive measures, can we reduce and mitigate the losses caused by urban water and soil pollution to the city and promote the stability of the city. develop.

(2) Urban disaster prevention and reduction subsystem. Urban disaster prevention and reduction is a series of measures taken to reduce the losses from geological disasters based on the occurrence and development of urban geological disasters, the losses that may be caused and the specific conditions of the disaster-stricken bodies. It is a necessary measure to ensure the healthy development of the city. Urban disaster prevention and reduction work produces an investment effect of "a negative makes a positive". Proper defense is the potential output. It mainly reflects the city's ability to resist geological disasters. It mainly includes the following three aspects.

① Urban geological disaster forecasting capabilities. Effective and timely forecasting and forecasting of urban geological disasters are the prerequisite for effectively avoiding and mitigating losses caused by geological disasters. Only by grasping information on the occurrence and development of geological disasters in a timely manner can effective defensive measures be taken to reduce the losses caused by geological disasters to the city. .

② Urban disaster prevention and reduction capabilities. After grasping the information on the occurrence and development of geological disasters in a timely manner, only by taking practical and effective defensive measures can we effectively avoid the losses caused by urban geological disasters to the city. Therefore, the construction of urban disaster prevention and reduction capabilities is the focus of the urban disaster prevention and reduction system.

③Urban disaster relief and recovery capabilities. For cities, after a geological disaster occurs, they should actively take self-rescue measures and quickly restore urban functions to stabilize people's hearts and reduce losses caused by geological disasters.

3. Structure and design of the evaluation index system for the impact of geological environment problems in Langfang urban planning area on urban sustainable development

In view of the comprehensive impact of geological environment problems in Langfang urban planning area on urban sustainable development The connotation of the sustainable development impact evaluation index system, under the guidance of the principles and methods established by the above-mentioned evaluation index system, taking into account the comprehensive impact of the geological environment of the Langfang City Urban Planning Area and the socio-economic status of the Langfang City Urban Planning Area since 1996, Langfang was designed An indicator system for evaluating the comprehensive impact of the geological environment in municipal urban planning areas on urban sustainable development.

1. Structure of the indicator system

The evaluation of the comprehensive impact of the geological environment in the urban planning area of ??Langfang City on the sustainable development of the city should be based on urban economic development, social progress, and ecological environmental protection. It is a process in which the comprehensive impact of the urban geological environment is maintained in a moderate and harmonious manner, which is characterized by sustainable urban development and urban geological disasters are effectively prevented and mitigated. It includes two subsystems: urban sustainable development subsystem and urban geological environment comprehensive impact subsystem. The urban sustainable development subsystem includes three subsystems: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability. The urban geological environment comprehensive impact subsystem includes two subsystems: the urban geological environment impact subsystem and the urban disaster prevention and reduction capability subsystem.

Therefore, the first-level indicators are urban sustainable development indicators and urban geological environment comprehensive impact indicators. The second-level indicators are urban geological environment impact indicators, urban disaster prevention and reduction capacity indicators, social sustainability indicators, and economic sustainability indicators. There are 5 indicators including environmental sustainability indicators, 9 third-level indicators, and 84 fourth-level indicators, which together constitute the four indicators system for evaluating the comprehensive impact of geological environment on urban sustainable development in Langfang urban planning area. level, the overall indicator system presents a pyramid shape.

2. Design of the indicator system

As a first-level indicator, the urban geological environment comprehensive impact index includes 2 secondary indicators (urban geological environment impact subsystem and urban disaster prevention and reduction subsystem), 6 third-level indicators, and 57 fourth-level indicators.

(1) Urban geological environment impact subsystem

Urban geological environment impact subsystem includes urban earthquake disaster impact subsystem, urban land subsidence disaster impact subsystem and urban water and soil pollution subsystem System, respectively, are described as follows:

①Urban earthquake disaster impact indicators: Earthquake disasters not only bring serious losses to people’s lives and property, but also seriously damage the city’s infrastructure, affecting the city’s sustainability on a deep level. Continuous development. Therefore, based on the basic earthquake intensity, the proportion of earthquake disaster losses to GDP, city administrative level, population density, building density, economic density, water supply pipeline density, heating pipeline density, gas supply pipeline density, drainage pipeline density, urban annual electricity consumption The impact of earthquake disasters on cities is reflected through 13 indices including gas consumption, urban annual gas consumption, and gas penetration rate.

②Urban land subsidence impact indicators: Land subsidence disaster is a gradual process. It not only causes losses to people and property, but also gradually and profoundly affects the normal operation of urban functions, causing serious consequences to the sustainable development of the city. Serious impact. Therefore, based on the groundwater overexploitation rate, land subsidence rate, cumulative land subsidence in the subsidence center, the proportion of land subsidence economic losses in GDP, population density, economic density, water supply pipeline density, heating pipeline density, gas supply pipeline density, drainage Pipeline density and other 10 indices are used to reflect the impact of urban land subsidence disasters on the city.

③Urban pollution impact indicators: Urban water and soil pollution directly affects the health of urban residents and the urban environment, affects the image of the city, and affects the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, based on the pollution area ratio, the amount of economic losses caused by urban pollution, city administrative level, the ratio of the maximum content of Pb pollutants to the background value, the ratio of the maximum content of Cd pollutants to the background value, the ratio of the maximum content of Hg pollutants to the background value, F Pollutants exceed drinking water standards (shallow water), F pollutants exceed drinking water standards (deep water), C1 pollutants exceed drinking water standards, Mn pollutants exceed drinking water standards, NO3-N pollutants exceed drinking water standards 18 indicators including standard rate, rate of Fe pollutants exceeding drinking water standards, rate of sulfate pollutants exceeding drinking water standards, rate of salinity exceeding drinking water standards, population density, economic density, urban annual water supply, and per capita daily water consumption. To reflect the impact of urban pollution on the city.

(2) Urban Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Subsystem

The Urban Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Subsystem includes three subsystems: geological disaster prediction capabilities, disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, and disaster relief and recovery capabilities, respectively. The description is as follows:

① Geological disaster prediction ability index: Urban geological disaster prediction ability is the prerequisite for preventing urban geological disasters and reducing disaster losses. Good geological disaster prediction ability helps to reduce the damage caused by geological disasters. loss of people’s lives and property and maintain the normal operation of the city’s functions. Therefore, the ability to predict urban geological disasters is evaluated based on five indicators: seismic network monitoring capabilities, land subsidence monitoring capabilities, urban soil pollution monitoring capabilities, urban groundwater pollution monitoring capabilities, and the compliance rate of 119 fire alarm lines and fire alarm dispatch lines.

② Urban disaster prevention and reduction capability index: Urban disaster prevention and reduction capability is the city’s ability to withstand geological disasters. Effective disaster prevention and reduction measures can avoid or reduce the losses caused by urban geological disasters to people’s lives and property. , maintain the sustainable development of the city.

Therefore, the evaluation is based on six indicators: building earthquake prevention compliance rate, building fire protection engineering compliance rate, urban disaster prevention and reduction regulations completion rate, disaster reduction knowledge popularization rate, urban pollution reduction, control measure completion rate, and urban fire station layout compliance rate. Urban disaster prevention and reduction capabilities.

③Urban disaster relief and recovery capability indicators: Urban disaster relief and recovery capability refers to a city's ability to provide disaster relief when it suffers from geological disasters, restore urban function construction, reduce the losses caused by disasters to the lowest point, stabilize people's morale, and carry out self-rescue and recovery. ability. Therefore, five indicators are used to evaluate urban disaster relief and recovery capabilities: telephone penetration rate, road area ratio, number of doctors per 10,000 people, per capita insurance coverage, and per capita urban maintenance funds.

(3) Urban sustainable development subsystem

As a second-level indicator, the urban sustainable development indicator includes three third-level indicators (environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability). sustainable), 27 four-level indicators. The respective descriptions are as follows:

①Environmental sustainability indicators: With the acceleration of industrialization and the improvement of people’s living standards, industrial wastewater and urban domestic sewage have become the main body of urban pollution. For environmental pollution, Langfang Municipal Government, Companies have also taken certain measures to control it. And with the development of cities, urban land is becoming increasingly scarce, and the green space system occupies an important position in regulating people's daily production and life. Therefore, six indicators are used to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the city: industrial wastewater discharge, wastewater discharge per unit GDP, garbage and feces treatment rate, industrial wastewater compliance rate, urban green coverage rate, and per capita public green space area. .

② Economic sustainability indicators: For the development of a city, the most fundamental thing is economic development. If the economic strength is relatively strong, it will be in a favorable position in development and competition, and it will also provide conditions and foundation for social progress. Therefore, according to international practice, the economic strength of a city is measured by gross domestic product (GDP); according to the development trend of the industrial structure of modern society, the development of the city's tertiary industry basically shrinks rapidly along with the primary industry, and the secondary industry gradually The pattern of weakening and rapid strengthening of the tertiary industry has evolved. Therefore, when evaluating the sustainable development of cities, we must also follow this trend. For this reason, we choose the GDP structure and employment structure of the tertiary industry to measure its changes; as an evaluation of the input and output process of urban development, economic benefits are important in It occupies an important position in the sustainable development of cities. Therefore, per capita GDP and per capita GDP are selected to measure changes in benefits; Langfang City Urban Planning Area serves as the core of China’s Bohai Rim Economic Circle, Beijing-Tianjin Corridor, and Greater Beijing Strategy. As one of the central cities, with the globalization of economy, the connections between cities in the world are becoming more and more frequent, and the development of export-oriented economy has become the trend of the times. Therefore, we can choose the actual amount of foreign investment per capita to measure this situation; urban economic depression will lead to urban decline and reduced sustainability, while urban prosperity will lead to vibrant, dynamic cities and increased sustainability. To this end, per capita retail sales of social goods can be chosen to measure the prosperity of the city. Economic benefits evaluate the input-output process of the economy, while intensification measures the sustainable development of a city from the perspective of least utilization of resources and least waste emissions. For this purpose, indicators such as unit electricity consumption, unit water consumption, and unit GDP wastewater discharge can be selected to measure. To sum up, the evaluation indicators of urban economic sustainability include gross domestic product, the proportion of secondary industry GDP, the proportion of tertiary industry GDP, the proportion of secondary industry employment, the proportion of tertiary industry employment, per capita GDP, per capita GDP, and per capita GDP. Eleven indicators including foreign investment, per capita social retail sales, GDP per unit of water consumption, and GDP per unit of electricity consumption are used to evaluate the city's sustainable development status.

③Social sustainability indicators: On the one hand, the level of urban infrastructure meets people's daily material needs, and on the other hand, it also provides a good development environment for the city's economic development. For our country’s cities, urban infrastructure lags far behind urban economic construction, and its restrictive role has increasingly become a bottleneck for urban development. As a place where humans gather relatively intensively, cities should be able to withstand it without affecting the ecological balance. way to meet the requirements of human habitation.

Therefore, 10 indicators were selected, including population density, per capita living area, per capita road area, per capita gas consumption, number of telephones per 100 people, water supply pipeline length, heating pipeline length, gas supply pipeline length, drainage pipeline length, and total urban gas consumption. Evaluate the social sustainability status of cities.

Based on the above principles, this project proposes the following index system for the evaluation index system of the comprehensive impact of geological environment in Langfang urban planning area on urban sustainable development, see Table 5-2.

Table 5-2 Evaluation index system of the comprehensive impact of geological environment in Langfang urban planning area on urban sustainable development

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