The Significance of Li Bai's Danyang Lake

On the Origin of Li Bai's Yuefu Poems (Lu Yanping)

Abstract: Why did Li Bai create a large number of Yuefu poems? This paper intends to explore the reasons for Li Bai's creation from three aspects: Li Bai's "elegance" view and his idea of retro poetry, the favorable conditions for the poet's musical talent to create Yuefu, and his fame by entertaining himself with women's music.

Keywords: Yuefu, elegance and vulgarity, female music, entertainment politics, entertainment emotion

China Library ClassificationNo.: Poetry, I207.22 Document IdentificationNo.: A document number:

Li Bai wrote a lot of Yuefu poems in his life. According to the statistics of Wang Qi's Complete Works of Li Taibai in Qing Dynasty, among Li Bai's 987 poems in 25 volumes, Yuefu poems account for 5 volumes 149, accounting for 15. 1% of all works. Metric poetry had matured as early as the early Tang Dynasty, and in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it was even more spectacular because of lines, female music singing and other factors. Why did Li Bai like to write Yuefu poems at that time and did so much? This is an intriguing question. This paper attempts to explore the causes of the poet's Yuefu poetry creation from three aspects: Li Bai's retro poetry creation view, the favorable conditions provided by Li Bai's musical talent for Yuefu poetry creation, and Li Bai's entertainment and fame mentality.

The Concept of "Elegance" and the Elements of Poetic Retro Proposition

Li Bai's Yuefu poetry creation is inseparable from his retro thoughts. The word "elegance", which often appears in his poems, deserves attention: how can I fail if I don't do it for a long time? ? One of "Fifty-nine Ancient Styles" is about elegance and thoroughness. ? "Preface of Seventeen Weng and Twenty-four Weng Seeking Peach Blossoms", fairy wind gives birth to trees, and elegant song "Cathy"? The feeling of leaving my brother Xu Wangyannian from my brother Yanling is lewd and harmful, and is mostly laughed at by the world. ? Li Bai, the second of the "Eight Poems of Feeling", expressed his views on Ci and Fu in one of the "Fifty-nine Poems of Ancient Style": "There is no sound of righteousness, so I am worried about attracting poets. The horse is making waves, and it is endless. Although the rise and fall have changed, the charter has also fallen. " Compared with the relevant literary theories of the previous generation, what we see is similar. Ban Gu Han Shu? There is no irony in the comments on Mei Cheng and Sima Xiangru's "contention for luxury and beauty" in Yi Wen Zhi. His theory of parting articles criticizes Han Fu's theory of writing hurt feelings: "If the husband's illusion is too big, it is far from class;" Escape words are too strong, contrary to things; If you argue too much, you will lose your righteousness; If beauty is too beautiful, it is contrary to love. These four people have all passed, so it is usually politics and religion that harm people. "Liu Xie in Wen Xin Diao Long? In Cai Qing, the author points out that "writing for love" and "writing for love" are the marks that distinguish poets from lyricists: "Writing for the invitation of lovers is annoying to writers. Then the author, indifferent and true, far abandons elegance and is close to the teacher's ci. The "correct voice" and "charter" advocated by Li also oppose the extravagance of ci and fu, and he should return to the traditional old road of "integration of politics and religion" For example, the comment on the poem of skill quoted in the annotation of this poem: "Li Bai is distinguished, as famous as Chen Ji, and his merits are complete." On Shi Yun: Since Liang Chen, Yan Bo has been extremely thin, while Shen Xiuwen still pays attention to temperament. Will be retro, not me but who! Does this poem speak for itself? "Li Bai wants to go into politics, and regards poetry and fu as the same gadgets as the game: On the Deficiency of Children's Play, Poetry and Fu are not worth a glass of water in the north window. The feudal rulers raised literati to decorate the royal family. Gao Mei, the son of Mei Cheng, said, "Cherish it, know it, and regret it" (Hanshu? "Biography of Meicheng"); Cai Yong criticized that "there are only villains in calligraphy and painting, and they are powerless to manage the country ... even the people next to them have a saying that they are arrogant" ("Total? The biography of Cai Yong). The clever Dong Fangshuo knew this role well, so he "vaguely knew the court" and played humor in the court to win the favor of the master and reuse it. Sima Qian's evaluation of the role of literati hit the nail on the head: "The ephemeris of literature and history is almost between divination and blessing, which strengthens the teasing of the lords and advocates the superiority of livestock, but the vulgarity is also light" (Letter to Ren An). So when Li Bai learned that he was only a top scholar in the imperial examination, he was arrogant and drunk in Chang 'an. As a "child's play", it is also one reason why he doesn't like grinding the rhythm of poetry and making rhythmic songs and poems. In fact, he is very disdainful of writing poetry in his heart. In other words, he set the value of self-realization in life as the feat of "learning from his wisdom and being ready to help others" ("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's biography"), but few people like Du Fu and Bai Juyi have a stand-up attitude. Since he put politics first, he naturally advocated that poetry creation should take the road of "correct voice" and "Covenant" in Li Bai's mind. "Correct voice" and "Covenant" refer to the two traditions of poetry teaching, namely "beauty" and "thorn", especially the former. Although he criticized "raising horses to arouse depression", on the one hand, he admired Sima Xiangru's boasting technique and magnanimity of Han Fu since he was a child: "In my spare time, I gave my nephew an empty gift, and I enjoyed it myself" (Preface to Seeing My Nephew Off to Lushan Mountain in Autumn). Zuo Si Langzhong Cui Zongzhi's Twelve Poems for Li describes his first sight of Li Bai as: "Carrying a bag of worldly things, visiting thousands of miles in ancient times." There is a dagger sword in my chest and a book in my arms. " The Book of Mausoleum is the work of Sima Xiangru. Sima Xiangru's works are one of the only things he takes with him when he travels, which shows the poet's love. Cui Zongzhi's impression of the style of Li Bai's works is also "Zixu" style: "The eye shines on people, the words are brilliant and the meaning is far-reaching" (Da Lev). In the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "the world is rich, the financial resources are more than enough, and the military forces have not moved" ("Hanshu? From the poems of Sima Xiangru, Li Bai's hometown, we can deeply feel the sacred and solemn "great spirit" and national pride. The prosperous social scene described in Zi Xu Fu is Li Bai's favorite image of elegance and prosperity. The flamboyant style of Han Da Fu also directly influenced his "big words", including praise and promoting peace, which were essentially based on the great spirit of making contributions. The enlightenment of poetry includes "beauty" and "thorn", that is, praising and satirizing reality. In ancient times, "Feng" and "Ya" were musicians, and the spread of songs and dances was directly related to the realization of their beautiful functions. Li Bai, who made contributions to his career, attached great importance to this function of Yuefu before he created a large number of works. The cheerful characteristics of song and dance have always made the entertainment politics of feudal rulers a pleasure, that is, singing and dancing. Shuowen said: "Witch, women can be invisible, and dancing is to the gods, just like people dancing two sleeves." "Summarized the relationship between worship of gods and music and dance. Legendary music and dance are mostly used to worship gods (such as "Xianchi" in Tang Dynasty) and ancestors (such as "Da Shao" in Yu Shunshi). This style has a solemn side of religion. For example, Fu Xuan's "Dance of Cheetos" described that "the body does not move, the hand is not just raised, it should be harmonious and periodic". Another example is Zuo Zhuan? Twenty-nine years later, Chazan was less praised: "Deda, Deda! It's as good as heaven! If there is nothing underground! "Elegance's nature of offering sacrifices to ancestors, gods and virtues is fully manifested in the explanation of" Fu "in the Preface to Poetry:" The Fu describes the beauty and virtue, and reports to God with success. "Zheng Xuan, Confucius, etc. Everyone thinks that "ode" means "capacity", that is, to celebrate the achievements of ancestors with dance capacity. Since the Zhou Dynasty, elegant music has been used to sing praises. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the system of rites and music expanded Yuefu and set up sacrificial ceremonies in the suburbs, so that the number of musicians soared to hundreds (see Hanshu? Sacrifice in the suburbs ") also depends on the conditions of social peace to fulfill the last wishes of the first emperors Liu Bang, Hui, Wen and Jing. Large-scale singing performance represents the development of national and cultural etiquette, which can show the prestige of the country and the atmosphere of the empire. Elegant music plays a "beautiful" role in Yuefu poetry because of its traditional eulogy. Li Bai knows this well. Li Bai is very familiar with the music of Yatang in the previous generation. Li Taibai's collected works Volume 4 252 "Jundao Qu" was titled by Li Bai himself: "There are five chapters of Liangqu, and today it is one chapter." Wang Qi: "According to Yuefu Poems and Records of Ancient and Modern Music, there are five poems by Liang, namely, Songs of the South, Songs of Rites and Music, Three Evil Things, Four Good Things and Five Feasts and Wine. ..... stamp the word' I am a gentleman' for future generations. " When Li Bai was in the imperial court, he also wrote some lyrics that appeal to both refined and popular tastes, such as the Five Topics Collection, and then he wrote: Yuefu Poem: "In the eighth year of Qi Yongming, Xie Tiao taught the west of the town by the king, and made an advocacy song in Jingzhou Road, which was called Qu, Qu, Qu and Wu. The above-mentioned three songs in "Tian Jun" praise the merits of emperors, while the above-mentioned three songs in "School Hunting" praise the feudal virtues. Taibai's work "Advocating the Song of Entering the DPRK" is based on this. " Li Bai's eulogy in Chang 'an period is not only a tribute, but also an eulogy of "elegant with dysprosium" in his mind. From Li Bai's images of "string songs" and "Qin Song", we can also see his understanding of the praise function of "elegance" and his creative motivation. There are many piano pieces in Yuefu, but Li Bai is good at it (see the second part of this article for details). His "String Songs" and "Qin Songs" are actually synonymous with inaction and peace in the world. For example, the second part of "Two Songs for Fan Jinxiang" reveals that multi-string songs are the voice of running the world, which is typical: "Fan Zai does not buy fame, and string songs are for the former. Self-improvement For Bangmo, curling is clear every day. A hundred miles of chickens and dogs are quiet, and a thousand miles of looms ring. Wanderers are less swaying, but lovers are more welcoming. Wanderers see good politics, so listen to praise. " Similar images such as "the white forehead is far away, and the piano sounds high"; "After Wu Bide, all the string songs are recited"; "It's not too late to send Xie Songzai to the West"; "My friend Yangtze Cloud, string songs broadcast fragrance"; "Zhao Guang string songs, Gu Zhen, Li Zhuo"; "Qin Qingxin is idle, and a hundred miles have made great progress"; "Qingge is a string of ancient songs, and wine is a new trend." Li Bai's frequent use of the image of "string songs" is not accidental, but out of his profound understanding of elegant music. "Poetry? Xiaoya: "Harp and harp beat drums to defend Tianzu. Huainanzi: "Shun is the son of heaven, playing banjo, and reciting the poem" South Wind "to rule the world. "Thus, as the main musical instrument of gagaku, Qin plays a great role in praise and praise. However, the elegant music under the rule of the Zhou Dynasty is a system of "piano sound" relative to the "Chu sound" in the Han Dynasty. Mr. Zhang Taiyan's Shi Wen Wu "Yin means Ming Yun:" Elegant, elegant, Qin also. Zhou Jing is also the land of Qin. "In addition to percussion accompaniment, Qin Sheng mainly plays with" silk "."Six Notes on White Hole ":"Qin, Qin, Zheng and architecture are one ". Among the eight musical instruments used in the columns of Guo Maoqian's Yuefu Poetry "Harmony Song", namely, Pingdiaoqu, Qingdiaoqu, Hudiaoqu and Chudiaoqu, there is a Zheng, which indicates that all of them belong to three fat. Since the Zhou Dynasty, literati often used string songs and piano music as their elegant music, which is different from Zheng's elegant music. Coincidentally, Li Bai also said: "Running water is not a song, and you will meet your bosom friend if you go forward bravely" ("Send to Choose"). In the second part of his Eight Poems of Feeling Xing, he criticized Song Yu's Gao Tang Fu, Goddess Fu and Cao Zhi's Luo Shen Fu for being "lewd and damaging elegance, which is mostly ridiculed by the world". It can be seen that in Li Bai's mind, elegance and love between men and women are opposite, which is also the traditional cultural meaning of elegance in the minds of literati. There are two lines in Li Bai's poem "Answering the King on Twelve Cold Nights" that are worth pondering: "Yang Zhe's yellow flowers conform to the customs, and Jin Jun's listening to the piano wastes the horn. Ba people, who wants to cooperate with Yangchun? Chu has a strange origin. Zhuangzi: "The noise is terrible, but' Zheyang' and' Huanghua' are laughing. "Lu Deming's Note:" All ancient songs are also. "Compared with Yangchun, it obviously refers to uncivilized pop songs and pop songs. The word "clear angle" comes from Han Feizi: Jin Pinggong said, "Is sound more sad than clear?" Shi Kuang said, "It's better to get the angle clear." Gong Ping said, "Can you get a clear horn and smell it?" Shi Kuang said, "No way. ..... Today, the main virtue is thin, and the listening is insufficient. If you listen, you will be afraid of failure. " Waste Corner implies that even if there is good music suitable for politics and religion, no wise monarch can understand it. In fact, it is a resentment against the upper rulers for not distinguishing between virtuous and foolish. Here, Li Bai's distinction between music entertainment and entertainment is obvious. Of course, in order to realize his ambition, Li Bai also wrote some Yuefu poems with allegorical and warning significance. For example, the songs of Wu Qiqu, the Battle of the South of the City, Walking Hunting, Going to Stay in the Field, Going to Noda's Yellowbird, Singing Wild Goose, Going, Flying Tiger, Empty City Bird, Weeping Dead Fish Crossing the River, and Keeping the Governor of Ding, these poems are obviously allegorical, and they are Li Bai's deliberately retro works.

Li Bai created Yuefu because of his talent in music and dance.

Li Bai wrote many Yuefu poems, which is directly related to his versatility and skillful singing system. From Li Bai's works, we can know that he is familiar with a variety of Yuefu scores, can write skillfully, and often writes his own poems and improvises. He can play the piano and always takes it with him when roaming. Bet on 20 topics of "Six Poems of Mount Tai" and "All Poems of Tang Dynasty": "First, in April of the first year of Tianbao, the old imperial road to Mount Tai". The sixth cloud: "Hold the green pipa alone and walk among the green hills at night". "You Jianchun" says: "Brush the white stone and play the pipa". "Sleeping at night, Huangshan smells the Yin and 14 Wu Yin" says: "Who sang for Wu Hui last night, the wind gave birth to thousands of valleys, and the forest was shaken. ..... I stayed in Bixiyue, Huangshan, and stopped playing the piano when I heard it. " In his book "Huainan Disease Causes Shu", it is said that "the guqin hides an empty box, and the long sword hangs on the empty wall. Chu Huaiqin, the more you sing, the better. " He often plays the piano at parties. For example, the poem "Answer to Du Xiucai's Gift from Five Songshan Mountains" says: "When we meet, we will laugh and forget the enmity, and the sleeves will be brushed against the white clouds to play the piano, playing the sound of' Three Gorges Liu Quan'. Yuefu poem: cloud:' Three Gorges Liuquan' is also made by Jin. " "This is an old song. The description of Li Bai's image in Zuo Si Langzhong's poem "Twelve Poems for Li" by Cui Zongzhi proves that Li Bai is good at playing the piano: "Look at people with your eyes and be kind to make Zi Xu". Think about the wine stringed piano, the frost is clean. " This piano was given to him by his friend Cui Zongzhi. Li Baiyou's "Recalling Cui Langzhong's trip to Nanyang, leaving me behind Confucius and Qin, caressing it and feeling old" says: "In Nanyang City, you only eat the fern of Dushan. Recalling Cui Zongzhi, white water turns into a bright moon. After the chrysanthemum pond, you can drink without rest. ..... Confucius left me the piano, but it's gone. " According to this poem, Zhan Ying's The Year of Li Bai's Poem Fu tied Li Bai's visit to Nanyang to the 28th year of Kaiyuan, when the poet was forty years old. This year, Li Baiyou said in "Nanyang Baishi Tour" that "Long song will have a sunset and the moon will return to Tianlu", which coincides with Cui Zongzhi's poem "White water makes the moon". In the same year, the book "Nanyang Qingling Spring Tour" also said: "Xi Hui flows with the water, rippling blue waves and lingering. Empty songs look at the clouds and the moon, and the songs are long and loose. " It can be seen that Li Bai accepted the guqin presented by Cui Shi in this trip to Nanyang and carried it with him as a love thing. Li Bai's good songs began when he was young. In his later years, Xuanzhou, lee woon-jae wrote a farewell message, which was evidenced by the phrase "Young people spend their days laughing and singing". The image of "Song" can be found everywhere in his works, such as "Wusongshan has wine" and "Baiyun Song". "Three cups of songs", "A tour of ancient and modern Long song", "Haug is waiting for the bright moon, the song has been forgotten" We sing along with the tune of the pine wind; When the stars set, we finished singing the song "Sunset in Long song, the moon returns to Tianlu". Self-brought piano, often impromptu singing, recorded in the poem, such as "playing the piano to listen to frost apes, extinguishing candles for rice." "... not only crossing the Shimen, but also singing Shitan songs ("Answering Uncle Cui Shaofu of Chang 'an to visit South Cuiwei Temple to see Emperor Jinsha Spring "). Li Bai, who traveled all over China, learned Qu Yuan's singing method and often sang while walking, such as Xianyang Singing. Drunk into the home, singing in the wilderness. " There are many "singers" and "walkers" in his poems. Many of his songs and poems may be sung while playing the piano in this way, that is, improvising lyrics with divergent free associations and then singing by himself. His poem "You Quan Jian" tells me: "I don't know the ancient and modern times of this song, but I write the sound of estrus on my finger. "This shows that he often plays the piano and improvises lyricism, which is not limited to Yuefu ancient music. For example, Send Yang Yandong to express the word "Jinhua Temple tramples on the Yangtze River". The feelings of Lu Mengdong, the second son who has been away for many years, improvised lyrics on the spot. In the same poem, there is a sentence "sit down and relax and sing this article for me." . There is a note "I am a gentleman" after the word "I" in Volume 17 of Complete Tang Poetry, which can be proved. In Yuefu music, Li Bai is familiar with many official entertainment songs. When he was a bachelor of Hanlin in Chang 'an, he wrote many words for the entertainment of the imperial court. There are three songs, such as "Qing Ping Le Xu". Li Bai's "Living in Chang 'an for a long time" in Preface to Li Hanlin's Bieji was written in Music History, and Xuanzong asked him to write three chapters of Qingpingdiaoci, which is even more legendary. But poets prefer Yuefu folk songs. He is familiar with many folk songs. His "History of Ezhou Prizing Wei Gongde's Political Monument" says that "a hundred officials are happy in Chu, and the culture is in harmony, and all folk songs are adopted", which shows that he attaches importance to and absorbs folk songs. The folk songs I came into contact with during my roaming aroused great interest of poets, and many songs and poems adopted their own meanings. His poems often mention that he appreciates and even sings folk songs. "Who sang for Wu Hui last night, and the wind gave birth to thousands of valleys to shake up the empty forest?" "Three Poems of Jinling" says that "the distinguished guests are drunk and return to the radial direction, and Wu Ge enjoys himself", which shows that he can sing Wu Ge. "Chu Huai's illness is in the book, and Shu Zhong sends it." Chu Huai-qin, the more he sings, the more he wins. "The image of a poet who blows the south wind and says the more tune he plays is vividly on the paper. "Send Du Fu down to the Dune" and "Lu wine is not drunk, sing a song for nothing" also mentioned that you can sing a song in chorus. "Feng Xue Rencheng Six Ancestors Full Rank Back to Beijing" mentioned that "Yan Ge falls on Hu Yan and Qu Ying returns to Yangchun". Seeing and hearing all kinds of folk songs in the north and south can make him familiar with composing lyrics and songs according to folk music scores. The number of folk songs involved in Li Bai's Yuefu poems is amazing. Such as eulogizing. One of "Three Poems to Yin Shu": "Farewell, drunk, ring the bell, far away". Wang Qi's Note: "The so-called honker should be regarded as a festival of singing while colliding with ships, or it means singing while knocking. "Danyang Lake" describes the girl's eulogy on the lake in an appreciative style: "The girl is canoeing and singing with the water". Similarly, there is another example: "A tiger crouches to avoid dust, and a fisherman swims along the seashore"; Canglang, I have a song. Send in a song. Li Bai likes the Song of Picking Ling. In the poem, "Spring stays in Ruanxiang, and there are mountains in my arms" says: "Being a non-guest is beautiful". He wrote "Qiupu Song" in Qiupu County, Chizhou, 17 (the thirteenth song): "Lang listens to the woman who picks the ling, and she returns home all night". It is mentioned in the poem "Jiang Xing sends Cui Yuan abroad on a moonlit night" that listening to Ling Ge causes homesickness and feels stranded: "It is sad to listen to Ling Ge again. The shore is fascinated by Houpu, and Shaming overlooks Qianzhou. " "King Dongting in the Autumn Mausoleum" "Ying people sing snow and lotus. Listening to this is even more heartbreaking, and tears are like springs on the cliff. " Another example of the same content is Bai Zhu. "Bai Zhu" mentioned in the fourth part of "Five Poems of Traveling to Dongting with Assistant Minister Ye Lang and Zhongshu Jiashe": "The Dongting Lake is full of autumn moonlight, and Xiaoxiang flies early in the north of the Yangtze River. Drunk guests are full of boat songs "Bai Zhu", and I don't know if the frost is in the autumn clothes. " Wang Qi's Note: "White Bamboo" is also a tune of merchants in Qing Dynasty. Bamboo is produced in Wu, so it is said that the songs of Wu people, poetry is the work of the field, and then it is interesting to use it. A cloud is also called "Midnight Song", "Bai Zhu" in Wu Ge and "Midnight" in Goya. Li Bai can probably sing this song, and the poem in Volume 9 of To Zhou Hengshan, Chu Shi and Weichang in Danyang is called Abandoning Bai Zhu Ci, which sings the song of Danyang Lake. Another example is flute folk songs. Qingxi Smells the Flute in the Midnight: The Biography of Plum Blossoms by Qiangdi, Longshui, Wuxi. Hanshan autumn and Puyue, heartbroken jade broken voice "; Listening to the flute playing on the Yellow Crane Tower and Shi Lang Zhong Qin: "One is to move the guests to Changsha, but I can't see my home in West Chang 'an. The Jade Emperor plays the Yellow Crane Tower, and plum blossoms fall in Jiangcheng in May. I'm afraid the most involved flute music is "Broken Willow" by the boudoir (Tang Yin Gui Qian by Hu Zhenheng). Willow symbolizes spring, and the "folding willow" in folk songs can symbolize unparalleled beauty. "Deep and remote always in my heart thought, full of color for ten years"; "hibiscus falls in the cold marsh, and willow is scattered in the autumn wind." Therefore, "long separation from youth" is a regret in life. Li Bai has a strong sense of life that he makes contributions in time and enjoys himself in time. He often sighs with exaggerated pen and ink that life is short: "Look, the strands of hair in the mirror of a tall house are still silky black in the morning and turn into snow at night." So he relishes this song, and there is "Folding Willow" in his Yuefu. His "Lyric Song from Governor Zhao Shi" expressed this point incisively and vividly: "Populus davidiana can fold and climb. Make spring scenery and delay acacia. " Another example of the same kind is "If you want to know one thing, it is easy to suffer and suffer." The beauty set off by the late Spring Breeze Hueros is enough to make people feel melancholy. Later poets are often good at using similar techniques to set off feelings with scenery, such as Li Shangyin's "Time was long before I met her, and it was longer after we parted, and the east wind started to blossom", or translated from Li Bai's sentence. He also dabbled in the new southern voice partridge, which belongs to the feather tune. The poem "Drinking on a snowy night in Qingxi, Qiupu, the guest has a partridge singing" says: "The guest has Guiyang and can sing" Mountain Partridge ". Another example is that he was moved by Wang Lun's "Treading on Songs" to see him off. Wang Qi quoted Hu Sansheng's Zi Zhi Tong Jian as an annotation: "Those who step on the song sing hand in hand, and those who step on the ground celebrate the festival. "Besides playing the piano and composing music, Li Bai can also play blowing sheng. The fifth self of his "Eight Poems of Feeling Xing" said: "I have been wandering immortals for fifteen years without interruption. Blowing sheng sings the wind and looks at the bright moon in the sea "; Climbing Mount Emei: "The clouds sing Qiong Xiao, and the stones make precious colors. Life is too small to laugh. "It can be seen that Li Bai loved this instrument when he was a teenager in seclusion. He is good at dancing and often dances to amuse himself. When he was called into Beijing, he "sang as drunk as a fiddler and wanted to masturbate, dancing until the sunset won glory." "Nine-day Mountain Climbing" says: "Song Qi sent Qing businessmen, and the dance was not neat. "Farewell to the King" says, "From the night till the fifth watch, send a silver cup. Wine wants to dance, and four songs urge each other. "Farewell to the Eleven Brothers" Pepe's Thirteen Tours to Sai Yuan says: "You dance for me and I sing for you". The poem "Drinking the Moon Alone" tells us that his song and dance with the Moon is "I sang". The moon encourages me and I dance. My shadow is rolling in the back. How unrestrained! The poet's love for "dancing" is not old, which can be proved by the poem "Nine Days" written by Baoying at the age of 62 in the first year of his death. The retro tendency of Li Bai's poems and songs made him concentrate on writing Yuefu poems, and his versatility greatly facilitated his creation, so he enjoyed it.

Thirdly, the factors of self-entertainment and fame through female music.

If we want to talk about Li Bai's motivation to write Yuefu poems, we can't rule out the factors that he amused himself and became famous by female music. Poetry, music and dance are integrated from the heart, in order to reduce labor intensity (physical pain) and make people relax; Reduce psychological pressure (mental pain) and let people vent. Book of rites? Music notes are concise: "Poetry expresses ambition; Song, chanting its voice; Dance and move your face. The three are rooted in the heart. " Huainanzi? Xun: "Today, those who hold the tree call their previous words' bad words', and future generations should also respond. This is also a song of persuasion. "Here, the word" easy to persuade "points out that singing and dancing started from its embryonic labor song, just to relax people's hearts. The entertainment of this song and dance later developed to the extreme, and there was wanton lewdness with Jie and Zhou. Before Qin unified China, compared with the declining elegant music, popular music was quite developed. The monarch can't resist the dullness of elegant music, and he can't help liking pop music for entertainment. Book of rites? "Music" records that Wei Wenhou confessed to Zigong that he couldn't help falling in love with pop music: "I listen to ancient music while listening, but I am afraid to lie down; Listening to Zheng's voice, you will never get tired ",that is, telling stories. There are countless emperors who used vulgar music to entertain their feelings in history. By the time Li Bai's world outlook was formed, the Tang court was headed by Xuanzong, and the wind of song and dance entertainment was more prosperous. This is truly recorded in the poet's response and entertainment poems. For example, "The squire stays in the Hot Spring Palace": "The Twelve Feathers will be listed among the stars. First frost branch hangs autumn moon, neon clouds roll the night. Yan and thousands of mourning, happy to hear for nine days. "Just like 1398," The curve is easy to move and the drum shakes "; The song of cymbals is played by riding, which attracts officials and ministers, which shows his deep impression on the poet. Li Bai originally had the idea of great joy and great sorrow, and had the mentality that "life is all about pleasure, and it is not necessary to combine with laurel". It is inevitable to make Yuefu poems to amuse oneself. The prosperous system of geisha in Tang Dynasty, the poet's self-entertainment and fame are all inseparable from this system, and Li Bai is no exception. Shortly after he left Shu, he wrote "Six or Four Poems about Showing Prostitute Jinling as Lu", which described his appreciation of "Chu Sheng" in his early years: "Prostitute Jinling sang Chu Sheng, and Zi Dansha studied". "Recalling the past, traveling to the county to join the army" recalls Kaiyuan's life when he lived in Taiyuan for 24 years, saying: "Xing Lai walks with prostitutes, if it is like snow, it will be like a flower. Red makeup should be drunk and the sun is slanting, and a hundred feet of clear pool should write Cui E, which fully describes the poet's enjoyment and appreciation of the beauty of women's music and dance. "Similarly, in the 25th year of Kaiyuan, the single father went to the east building to prostitute after hunting Meng in autumn. In Tianbao for two years, he sent his nephew Liang Er a prostitute to Huiji, Tianbao for five years, Tianbao for six years, and took prostitutes to Mengtaoyuan in Qixia Mountain, Tianbao for eleven years, and so on. In the twelfth year of Tianbao, Liu Shaofu wrote that "there are two concubines riding a fine horse on both sides", which shows that he may have been a concubine from appreciating geisha. The life scene of taking prostitutes to see prostitutes mentioned in many places was caused by the sloppy taxi style in the loose and civilized cultural trend of the Tang Dynasty at that time and the ethos of scholar-officials saving prostitutes for their families under the female music system at that time. Li Bai's doing this, of course, is related to his philosophy of eating, drinking and enjoying life. Just like other ups and downs, it is also an imitation of Xie 'an's romantic visit to Dongshan in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. The songs and dances of these women, who are good at singing and dancing, made Li Bai familiar with a large number of Yuefu tunes while entertaining, which inspired his enthusiasm for writing Yuefu lyrics. In order to facilitate the singing of women's music performance, his creation simply uses a female tone, which can not ignore the main body of women's music, but expresses feelings on behalf of female singers. In the feudal society of patriarchal culture, women's social status is very low, and their fate often depends on the temporary likes and dislikes of men or feudal parents. "etiquette? Mourning ","big hat? The core memorial of life has the so-called "seven results" theory. Book of rites? The article also said: "The son is very suitable for his wife, and his parents are unhappy." These are all reflected in Yuefu poems, such as Picking Storks on the Mountain, Mulberry on the Stranger, Yu and Ancient Poems for Wife. Therefore, it is no accident that Xu Ling's Ode to a New Yutai specifically selected female themes. It is based on this tradition that Li Bai's Yuefu mostly writes about women. Li Bai's Yuefu poems created a series of female images who pursued love, dared to love and hate or were destroyed by ethics. These lyrical feelings are nothing more than two aspects, such as writing 240 "Hui", 242 "Bai Touyin" and 327 "Mo Shang Sang", infatuation and persistence in love; Shuang Yan's divorce, Jingzhou song, Whitehead song, concubine's misfortune, complaint song and jade class complaint; Long separation, loneliness, embankment, longing for spring, Sauvignon Blanc, Jiangxia trip, etc. This shows the suffering of lovesickness. On the one hand, Li Bai respects and sympathizes with the unfortunate women in the patriarchal society and appreciates the beauty of women. On the other hand, it attaches great importance to the role of female music in spreading the names of poems. Li Bai has a strong desire to be famous by others. He disdained to pass the imperial examination step by step, but hoped to become prime minister in one fell swoop through celebrity recommendation, and realized his dream of "willing to assist him, making the atlas area big and the sea county clear" ("Dai Shoushan answers Meng Shaofu's book"). Li Bai, who was confident that "I was born useful", also took a scroll to visit officials and dignitaries to get referrals. He's evaluation of "fallen immortals" and his admiration for Princess and Taoist Wu Yun are all the results of the poet's active communication. For this reason, Li Bai, who is quick-witted, often exaggerates and imagines what he can do in his works, trying to impress people and win fame. The spectacular scenes such as Shu Dao, Tianmu, Yellow River and Great River described by the poet are all related to this motive. These places have absorbed the flashy style of Han Fu, such as Zi Xu Fu, which he admired since childhood, and thus became famous. His poem "I have poems; I can read, he hears others, but not mine "shows this desire." In the preface of "Sending Gong Lin to Jiangxia to See Heng Yue", he said that "it fell on Han Cai and satirized the population", which was an admiration for the other side and also expressed his intention to make a name for himself through "population". Since he wants to make a name for himself through the mouth of a senior official, under the living environment of "getting drunk and having three cups of songs", he naturally does not exclude the role of female music in making a name for himself. The lyric works of his generation are sincere and touching, showing the poet's familiarity and consideration for women's psychology. Therefore, these poems are widely sung, and they are very popular in the female singers in the ruling and opposition parties and the female music market in the court, official and folk. In fact, female music has played a great role in the spread of Li Bai's poems. Fan's Tombstone of Tang Zuoyi's Hanlin Bachelor Li: "The public legacy is earlier than the human world, and it is sung in the mouth." It can be seen that Li Bai's poems were indeed word of mouth at that time, and they were very famous. Tombstone of Pei Gong Hanlin's bachelor: "At the beginning of Taihe, Literati ordered Hanlin's bachelor to praise it as three musts, the poem of the public, the sword dance with the general, and the cursive script of Zhang Xu's long history as three musts." It can be seen that after Li Bai was appreciated by Xuanzong, he later had a far-reaching influence on the royal family. Ren Hua's Miscellaneous Words Li Bai: "I saw me in Hanlin a few years ago, with a spear and a halberd on my chest. New poems are circulated among the palace population, and good sentences do not leave the main heart. " "Hanging Li Taibai from Quarry": "The word is attached to the Sixth Palace, and the teaching workshop looks back at the new sound". From these comments, we can see how the lyrics written by Li Bai for court entertainment meet the taste of court women's music and the needs of emperor's entertainment. Because Li Bai made many Yuefu poems with women as the theme, such as; Lu You's Notes on Old Learning Temple "There are few women outside Baishi Yuefu". The result was ridiculed by Wang Anshi as "ten poems and nine words". Zhu's Differentiating Differences says that some poets write women's poems with "shallow words and long meanings" and "never write in vain". Is it that Xiao Hui's unruly youth did it for nothing? ”。 I don't know that "shallow words and deep feelings" reveal the psychological characteristics of women to some extent, which is in line with the taste of female singers. Only when Li Bai put himself in their shoes to write lyrics for them can his songs and poems be widely sung. In the middle and late Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi, Wen and other famous poets used feminine style and lyric style from generation to generation, actually starting from Li Bai. This is to meet the needs of the mass entertainment market, and there are also various needs for poets to entertain themselves, be curious, display their talents and spread their fame. What's more, many of Li Bai's poems describing women have inherited Qu Yuan's traditional meaning of regarding men and women as metaphors of monarch and ministers, and regard women as their own situation. Such as "single flower, cloud as the heart". Even wrote the name of an official in the poem of "Women's Flattery and Petty Invitation", and made Chen Jun, who used men and women as metaphors, public. For example, "Give Pei Sima" simply says: "It is not an objection to show your teeth." Therefore, Notes on the Old Learning Temple refutes Wang Anshi's criticism of Li Bai's Ten Sentences and Nine Sentences on Women: "It's just that the poet thinks wonderfully, and the empty space is the table of all things in the game, which is meaningless to poetry. How can women and wine defeat his ambition? "