The Complete Works of Cold Food (Han Yi's Poems in Tang Dynasty)

Cold Food is a poem written by Han Yi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The first two sentences of this poem describe the scenery during the day, the charming spring scenery and the scenery of the whole court garden in Chang 'an. The last two sentences are about the night scene, which vividly draws a picture of candles at night, making people see the light of candles and smell the faint smoke. The whole poem is realistic by line drawing, depicting the royal style, full of intoxication of the spring scenery of the imperial capital and singing of Chengping in the prosperous times. From the emperor at that time to the ordinary courtiers, they all preferred the poem and always spoke highly of it.

Name of the work: Cold Food Story Creation Year: Middle Tang Works Origin: All Tang Poetry Literary Genre: Seven-character quatrains Author: Han Yi's original work, annotation translation, word annotation, vernacular translation, creation background, work appreciation, overall appreciation, work evaluation, anecdotes and allusions, author introduction, original work of Cold Food Story, flowers everywhere in Spring City, Cold Food Story, Dongfeng Liuxie. At dusk, candles were passed in the Han Palace, and light smoke was scattered into Wuhou House. Spring City: Chang 'an City in late spring. (2) Cold food: In ancient Tomb-Sweeping Day, fire was forbidden for three days two days before the festival, and only cold food was eaten, so it was called cold food. Imperial willow: willow in the imperial garden, willow in the imperial city. ③ Han Palace: This refers to the officials of the Tang Dynasty. Passing candles: It is forbidden to light a fire during the Cold Food Festival, but dignitaries and slaves can get gifts from the emperor and get candles to burn. "Tang Nianji" "Take the fire of elm willow on Qingming Day as a gift to the near minister". ④ Five Hou: Wang Tan, Wang Li, Wang Gen and Wang Wu, who were named as the Empresses of the Han Dynasty, were all Hou, and they were particularly favored. Here generally refers to the close minister of the son of heaven. At the end of spring, Liu Xufei is everywhere in Chang 'an, and the east wind blows willow branches in the imperial garden at the Cold Food Festival. As night fell, the palace was busy handing out candles, and smoke curled into the homes of princes and nobles. BACKGROUND: The Cold Food Festival is a traditional festival in ancient China, usually after 105 from the winter solstice and two days before Tomb-Sweeping Day. The ancients attached great importance to this festival. According to the custom, every family banned fire and only ate ready-made food, hence the name cold food. In the system of the Tang Dynasty, on Qingming Day, the emperor announced that he would take the fire of elms and willows as a reward for his recent ministers to show his gratitude. This ceremony has two purposes: first, it marks the end of the Cold Food Festival, and fire can be used; The second is to remind courtiers and officials, so that everyone can learn from mesons who have made meritorious deeds but not rewarded, and work diligently for the people. In fact, Dou Shu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote a poem entitled "Making a Fire at the Cold Food Festival": "Grateful for the light and small officials, the lights are on at the beginning of spring. The film follows the ambassador and the stars shine on passers-by. Fortunately, the willows are warm and the grass is poor. " You can use this poem of Han Yi for reference. After the mid-Tang Dynasty, several bad emperors were partial to eunuchs, so that they were in power, corrupted the court affairs and excluded courtiers. The upright people were extremely indignant about this. Some people think that this poem was written for this purpose. The overall appreciation of the work is that the cold food is deep in spring and the scenery is pleasant, so the first two sentences in the poem are about the scenery first. "The spring city is full of flowers, and the cold food is easterly and willows are oblique." The poet has a lofty foothold, a broad vision and a panoramic view of the whole city. The word "spring city" is highly concise and gorgeous. "Spring" is a natural season and climate, and cities are cities on earth. The combination of the two presents an infinitely beautiful scenery. "Flowers flying everywhere" is a typical picture captured by the poet. Spring is full of flavor, covering the whole city. The poet didn't say "flowers are flying everywhere", because this is just a general generalization, but "flowers are flying everywhere". This kind of double negation greatly strengthens the tone of affirmative sentences, effectively setting off the grand occasion that the whole city has been immersed in Fuchun. The poet didn't say "flowers are everywhere", but "flowers are flying everywhere", which not only helps to express the vitality of spring with the strong dynamic character of "flying", but also shows how accurate the poet is in describing time series. "Flying flowers" refers to falling flowers dancing with the wind. This is a typical late spring scenery. To say "flying flowers" instead of "falling flowers" is to write flowers clearly and write the wind secretly. A word "fly" has far-reaching implications. It is no exaggeration to say that the reason why this poem can be spread through the ages is mainly because of the epigram of "Spring City is full of flowers", and the most striking word in this poem is "fly". "Cold food, east wind and willow slanting", spring breeze blows all over the city, and naturally it also blows into the imperial garden. The weeping willows in the garden are also fluttering in the wind. The wind is invisible, and its existence can only be indirectly perceived through the flight of flowers and the inclination of willows. Accordingly, a word "oblique" also indirectly wrote the wind. The third and fourth sentences are regarded by most commentators as allegories of court privileges and eunuchs' special favor. "At dusk, candles spread in the Han Palace, and light smoke scattered into the Five Emperors Hall". The realistic component is the main one. In the system of the Tang Dynasty, on Qingming Day, the emperor announced that he would give the fire of elm willow as a gift to the ministers around him to show his favor. Fire is forbidden in the cold food festival, and candles can be lit in the palace. "Candles are issued in the Han Palace at sunset", and the emperor can also make an exception and light candles and send them directly from the palace. There are naturally not many people who can get the honor of being given candles by the emperor. It is no wonder that the "light smoke" floating from the Han Palace (actually referring to the court of the Tang Dynasty) to the house of the Five Emperors will attract the poet's special attention. The last two sentences have always been appreciated, because they are written lightly for the purpose of describing court life. Appreciating the differences, some people think that the whole poem is nothing more than a realistic description of the royal style, full of intoxication of the spring scenery of the imperial capital and praise for the prosperity and peace. From the supreme ruler to the ordinary courtiers, they all prefer this poem, which hardly shows that the poet's original intention contains ridicule; However, some people think that this is a satirical poem with ingenious brushwork. The author wrote the scene of that night in the last two sentences, in order to satirize the present with the ancient. By depicting a candle-passing incident, the emperor's hateful face of kindness to his trusted eunuchs was exposed, and the purpose of ridicule was achieved. Others think that the author's original intention is not necessarily sarcasm, but the image he captured is very typical, which makes readers feel better than his works. Because the author did not deliberately pursue depth, but immersed himself in his own image and emotion to make poetry more subtle and full of emotion, which is better than many works of deliberate satire. There are two main artistic achievements of this poem: first, it is dense in thought and rigorous in structure. There are only four sentences in the poem, but there are many twists and turns. From the content point of view, from writing scenery to chanting customs; From the perspective of space, from the imperial city to the imperial garden, from the palace to the powerful family; In terms of time, from day to dusk; Emotionally, from peace to solemnity. Wait, wait. These multiple twists and turns make this poem full of ups and downs in a short space, which is intriguing. Notes on Tang Poetry commented on this: "The first sentence is cold food, and the second sentence is quoted by the word' Yuliuxie', so the candles in the lower Han Palace are not prominent." Second, the words are delicate and accurate. For example, the words "flying", "slanting", "passing" and "scattering" can not only replace themselves, but also take care of each other. Xu Zeng's Poems of the Tang Dynasty by Er 'anshuo has a subtle comment on this: "Don't fly flowers, fly words to see what the author means." At first, I wanted to use the open word, but the open word was not good, so I used the flying word. Leave the word open, fly the word spirit, and have feelings for the next sentence. There is affection between Dongzi and Chunzi, between Liu Zi and Hanako, between emperors and palaces, between oblique photos and flying, between candlelight and sunset, between smoke and wind, between Qing (light) and Liu Zi, between Wuhou and Chinese, between scattered and handwritten, and between cold food, which is beautifully stacked. His heart is meticulous, like a brocade, without a leap, and he is a real expert. " Comment on Criticism of Tang Yin: A Common Language. The correct voice to criticize Tang poetry: forbidden body without carving words, rich and elegant. Poetry in the Wine Garden: Junping was named after the poem Cold Food. After the death of the Song Dynasty, the world was no longer forbidden. Today, people don't know how to drill and learn Tang's things deeply because they don't understand the beauty of this poem. For example, the words "the spring city is full of flowers, the cold food is easterly and the willows are oblique" are only lightly written. At dusk, candles were passed in the Han Palace, and light smoke was scattered into the house of the Five Emperors. The first sentence said new fire, and the second sentence said that fire was also given. This poem was written in Tianbao. At that time, Yang's family liked it very much. Five aunts, Cha, Qin, Guo and Bill Han, are incomparable in price. Therefore, I borrowed from the leaders of Han and Wang Wu. It is self-evident that if you give fire, the favor will be touched with happiness first, and others dare not expect it. The rest of the tin is given indiscriminately. The implication is far away, and it is really a legacy of the wind. Poems around the furnace: When the country perished in the Tang Dynasty, the eunuchs held soldiers hostage, and the true people gave them a handle. At the beginning of Dezong Jianzhong, this poem was only understood by the word "Five Hou", and Tang poetry was also related to Chunqiu. "Tang Poetry": "Five Emperors" refers to the five emperors of the king or those who were destroyed by eunuchs. Anyway, you should be closer to home first. Notes on Tang Poems in Master Garden: Don't ban fire, set off the wonderful with fire (the last two sentences). Selected Comments on Ten Thousand Poems of Tang Poetry: It is self-evident that the noble spirit is noble, and the use of "Five Hou" is even more subtle. A Brief Introduction to Dali Poetry: The keynote of meteorological words is actually Jiangning and History. Reading Snow Mountain House is mixed: Han Junping's "Where Flowers Don't Fly in Spring City" only talks about Hou Jiafu, but the opposite side is sparse, which is an example of "Peach Blossom Blossom last night", so-called resentment without anger. "A Brief Introduction to Poetic Realm": Among the twenty-eight characters, I want to see five scenes with strong spring, eight wastes and nothing, the leisure of the court and the kindness of the nobility, all of which are within the poetic realm. It takes some time to write a peaceful picture with a light and beautiful pen. Although there is irony in anecdote and allusion poems, their vivid and typical descriptions conquered the emperor at that time. According to "Poetry Art", I appreciate this poem of Han very much. After reading it, I also specially gave him a prominent position of "driving doctors know patents". At that time, because the secretariat of Jianghuai had the same name as Han Yi, Dezong specially wrote this poem with his own hand, and approved: "With this Han Yi". Han Yi's poem Cold Food was not only loved by emperors at that time, but also passed down from mouth to mouth by ordinary courtiers. In Tang Yin Gui Jian, there is also a special record of "Han Yuanwai (Yi) is a poet, whose meaning is close to history, interesting and rich, and his poems are sung one by one, making him a scholar in the imperial court". Author brief introduction Han Yi (date of birth and death unknown), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Junping was born in Nanyang (now Nanyang City, Henan Province). In the thirteenth year of Tianbao (754), he was a scholar, and he was in middle school. Baoying once served in the shogunate, and was our army's envoy to Ziqing. Later, he returned to Korea and lived in Chang 'an for ten years. In the late period of Dali (766-779), he successively entered Biansong and Xuanwu as my shogunate. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China (780-783), Dezong appreciated his poem "Flowers in Spring City are Flying All over the Sky", served as a driving doctor, knew the imperial edict, and was an official in the middle of the book. He is one of the "Top Ten Talents in Dali". Most of his poems are farewell works, and he is good at writing the scenery of the journey away from people. The rhythm is natural, but he lacks emotion and depth. Lightweight brushwork and unique scenery were widely read at that time. The Ming Dynasty had The Collection of Han Junping. There are only three volumes left in the whole Tang poetry. Han Yi, one of the top ten talents in Dali.