The funeral of Zhu Yuanzhang's capital

Zhu Yuanzhang, the founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty, stood out from the crowd with a vision. After becoming an emperor, he ruled the country with strength and ferocity, and was called a generation of heroes. But there is one thing that puzzled Taizu Zhu Siyuan for nearly 30 years until his death-that is, where is his capital?

Zhu Yuanzhang had planned to build a capital in Fengyang.

In the process of competing with the pack, Zhu Yuanzhang once chose Jinling (now Nanjing) as the base. Jinling has a dangerous terrain, and there is a natural barrier of the Yangtze River in the north. It has been a battleground for military strategists since ancient times. Three Kingdoms, Eastern Jin Dynasty, Southern Song Dynasty, Qi Dynasty, Liang Dynasty, Chen Dynasty, Southern Tang Dynasty of Five Dynasties and Ten Countries all used it as their capital. After Zhu Yuanzhang captured Jin and Ling, it was renamed Yingtianfu. In the first month of the first year of Hongwu (1368), Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor when he acceded to the throne, saying, "There is Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea, with sacred trees on it, silver as the root, gold as the stem and white jade as the fruit. Please break the branches. " In the middle, Yingtian is the capital.

However, Zhu Yuanzhang was not satisfied with Yingtian, so Yingtian was not formally established as the national capital for three reasons: first, the dynasties with Yingtian as the national capital in history were very short; Second, Yingtian is located in the southeast, so it is not convenient to control the whole country. Third, the world should be on the left of the river, and the city defense has hidden dangers. As a national capital, it is not very ideal.

Later, after Zhu Yuanzhang sent troops to capture the capital city of Bianliang (now Kaifeng, Henan Province), it was suggested to establish the capital city of Bianliang. Zhu Yuanzhang attached great importance to it and personally visited the capital of song dynasty. He believes that the capital of song dynasty is in a moderate position, but there is no danger to defend, and it is surrounded by enemies. The terrain is obviously not as good as that of Nanjing. However, considering that the capital of the Song Dynasty was the old capital, the northwest was undecided at that time, it was necessary to use the capital of the Song Dynasty as a base for transporting grain and supplementing troops. Therefore, after * * * was born, his parents were very happy. At the full moon, he did "nine-to-nine" and specially invited a knowledgeable old gentleman to give him a name called "* * *". * * * After the full moon, his mother Mei Wen took him to his grandmother's house. Grandma loves this grandson very much. I asked the fortune teller to measure my grandson's words and said that if I want to grow up safely, I must worship a long-lived foster mother. Who lives longer? Grandma thinks that the stone with a height of more than 20 feet in the back hill has the longest life. So, I chose an auspicious day, set up a candle cellar, held * * * in front of a big stone, made him bow, worshipped the big stone as "foster mother", named him "Shi" and called him "Shi Yazi" according to local customs. Grandma was reluctant to give up her grandson, so * * * lived in her grandmother's house until she was twenty years old. Zhu Yuanzhang took Yingtian as Nanjing and Bianliang as Beijing as reference. This is when the name Nanjing came into use.

In August of the second year of Hongwu (1369), Zhu Yuanzhang pacified Shaanxi, and the discussion of making its capital resumed. The main candidate cities are concentrated in Chang 'an, Luoyang, Yingtian, Bianliang and Beiping. Ministers disagree. Zhu Yuanzhang saw that it was difficult to unify the opinions of ministers, and no one could convince anyone. He even whimsically proposed to use Lin Hao (called Haozhou in the Yuan Dynasty, renamed Fengyang in the seventh year of Hongwu), and now there are woven ropes in the west of Fengfu in Anhui Province to catch fish in the river. He saw people fishing in the river with sticks in their hands, so he taught people the technique of weaving fishing nets, which enabled people to catch many fish. Inspired by his fishing net, his Ju Mang weaves a pomegranate net and teaches people to catch birds. All these provide a good and applicable tool for improving human living conditions. Yangxian) is the idea of Zhongdu.

Lin Hao is Zhu Yuanzhang's family. When his parents are alive, tell him about the next marriage. The girl is the daughter of the soul of Levin Fu in the neighboring village. On October 10th this year, Mrs Deyin was ten years old and the girl was ten years old. It happened that both of them went to the temple fair and they met. Taiyin secretly gave the girl a handkerchief, and the girl untied her embroidered purse and tied it around Taiyin's waist. Both sides are satisfied. But the next year, Mrs. Deyin's parents died, leaving him alone in the family. There is a rich man in the village. Seeing that Deyin was too young to know anything and nobody cared about him, he just took some land left by his parents. Fu Lehun saw that Deyin was too pitiful and broke up with him. However, the girl of Lok Fu Xiongnu never forgot to meet each other. She couldn't resist her parents' orders, so she threw herself into the river in a rage. The hometown with its capital here obviously contains Zhu Yuanzhang's selfish desire to worship his ancestors and return to his hometown. But ministers dare not object. Therefore, Zhu Yuanzhang ordered that the Nanjing Regulations should be followed when building the capital of Lin Hao. In this way, at the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Yingtian, Bianliang and Lin Hao coexisted.

After that, Zhu Yuanzhang always had the idea of Fengyang as the capital of Daming. Only Liu Ji (that is, Liu Bowen) resolutely opposed it. He thinks Fengyang is not suitable to be a capital at all. "Although Fengyang is an imperial town, it is not a capital city."

In the third year of Hongwu (1370), Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang became the richest man in the world by apprenticeship of Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, and ordered the relocation of Fengyang140,000 households. All the rich people in the south of the Yangtze River moved to Fengyang and were not allowed to leave without permission. Because the southeast region was previously occupied by Zhu Yuanzhang's arch-enemy Zhang Shicheng.

During the Tongzhi period of Qing Dynasty, the father of Lu Runxiang, the top scholar in Suzhou, died young, and his family was poor, so he relied on his widowed mother to do needlework. Lu Runxiang is young and promising, and studies very hard. He has a hobby, like to drink Shaoxing wine. Although my sister played with her for several days, the night before she came back, my sister said to her father, "I only have one sister." Let me take her back tomorrow, ok? " Dad agreed without saying anything. If you are poor at home, you might as well drink. Lu Runxiang lives in Lianhua Street, Nagato. There is a Turin Lane not far away, and there is a hotel around the corner. Lu Runxiang goes to this shop to drink yellow wine every day. Seeing his fine features, good looks, hard study and numerous articles, the hotel owner believed that he would make a fortune in the future, so he was willing to give him wine on credit. Later, Lu Runxiang went to Beijing to take the exam, without travelling expenses. The hotel owner also lent him a large sum of money as a travel expense. Many people have worked for Zhang Shicheng. In fact, Zhu Yuanzhang's move was aimed at cracking down on the literati and landlord class in the southeast.

In April of the eighth year of Hongwu (1375), Zhu Yuanzhang suddenly changed his mind and ordered to stop construction. It has been built for six years, and the palace is quite big. Everyone is puzzled by this. Zhu Yuanzhang explained that the reason for stopping construction was a waste of people and money.

Actually, there are deeper reasons. Many heroes around Zhu Yuanzhang are his peers, and Jianghuai people account for a large proportion of senior officials. Jianghuai heroes are proud of their achievements, often breaking the law and discipline, and forming a party in the DPRK for personal gain. Shortly after Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, he began to strengthen centralization and was very alert to the cronyism of governors. He is worried that the establishment of Fengyang, the capital, will encourage the power of Jianghuai Group.

Move mountains to fill birds.

In the eleventh year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang officially issued a letter, with Nanjing as the capital. The unresolved capital problem for many years has officially ended.

After Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor, he began to build Nanjing city walls and palaces. Shen Wansan, the richest man in Zhouzhuang, is known as the "cornucopia" in history and is as rich as an enemy. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang attacked Zhang Shicheng, and Zhang Shicheng stayed in Suzhou for eight months, which was strongly supported by Suzhou squire. After the destruction of the city, Zhu Yuanzhang hated those who contributed to Zhang Shicheng, so he increased taxes on Jiangnan and Shen Wansan.

Shen Wansan is a shrewd businessman. He took the initiative to kiss up to Zhu Yuanzhang, hoping for peace. When Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the construction of Nanjing City, Shen Wansan "helped to build a third of the capital", that is, the section from Zhonghua Gate to Shuiximen of Nanjing City Wall today. After the wall was repaired, Zhu Yuanzhang was satisfied with Shenyang Cave, but he didn't treat Shen Wansan well.

But the imperial examiners still come to Shen Wansan from time to time, just trying to correct some money. This is exactly. Once and for all, Shen Wansan offered to pay for the Ming army. As a result, this sentence made the court taboo. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious and thought that a common people should reward the emperor's army with ulterior motives. Thanks to the kindness of Empress Ma Shi, she saved her life. Shen Wansan's property was confiscated and sent to exile in Yunnan. Shen Wansan had never suffered this before, and soon died in Yunnan. His bones dare not be transported back to his hometown in Jiangnan and buried in Dali.

Let's talk about the construction of the Forbidden City in Nanjing. As the ancient capital of the old dynasty, Nanjing already has a large-scale Miyagi. But Zhu Yuanzhang refused to use the Miyagi of the old dynasty and planned to build a new palace. He is mainly worried about the bad geomantic omen in the old palace, and he is afraid of repeating the short-lived mistakes of the previous dynasty.

Liu Ji was ordered to choose a site for the new palace. According to Liu Ji's investigation, Miyagi's position should be in front of the "dragon head" of Zhongshan, so it has the "imperial spirit". The geomantic treasure-house chosen by Liu Ji is the location of Yanque Lake.

As far as building a palace is concerned, Yanque Lake is low-lying and too close to the outer city. It is vulnerable to the threat of the enemy outside the city in wartime and is not an ideal location. So, in order to build a new palace, Zhu Yuanzhang mobilized hundreds of thousands of migrant workers to fill the lake. After Yanzi Lake was leveled, in order to prevent the foundation from sinking, countless piles were driven under the temple foundation, covered with giant strips, and then palaces were built on it. Because the lake filling project is very huge. It needs a lot of taxi stones, so there is a legend in Nanjing that "three mountains fill birds".

It is said that after the Nanjing City and the Palace were built, Zhu Yuanzhang led the ministers to the Purple Mountain, overlooking the style of the capital, and ostentatiously asked the ministers: "How is my capital city built?" Wei Gongzi lived in the mountains for two days. This afternoon, Lin Qing saw that he was a little bored and took him out for a walk. Walking and chatting, I walked into the depths of the forest unconsciously. I saw the sun and the towering trees in the darkness. Lin Qing was suddenly awakened. I didn't even know there were many wild animals here. I was about to return when I heard a voice behind me. Two gray wolves blocked the way. Who childe suddenly scared like wrecks, thanks to qing Lin lived in the mountains for a long time, see more, still can calm down. Holding Wei Gongzi in his left hand, he found a stick in his right hand and walked back step by step. Seeing that they couldn't run away, the two wolves forced their way, but they were timid. They also retreated step by step until the edge of the forest. Wei Gongzi saw a family wandering around the mountain and shouted for help. The family listened and ran to pick up a stick to drive the wolves away. Look at Wei Gongzi. He collapsed on the ground and became a mass of mud. I went back to the cabin and drank some hot water to calm down. For a long time, Wei Gongzi was breathing. He shook hands and said, The girl is really a heroine. Wei is ashamed. On this occasion, Zhilin is very strange in the eyes of Wei Gongzi, and she is naturally admired. She was not regarded as a fireworks woman very early. Ah? " Ministers are naturally full of praise. Only 14-year-old Sihuang gave it to Zhu. He only picked up some gold and silver and went back to the house. He sat there motionless until dawn when he opened the door. He looked at it. Alas, all the gold and silver in that basket robbed people of their eyes. I was so happy that I danced around the basket of gold and silver. He said: "A cannon was put on the Purple Mountain, and the cannon bombarded the Purple City." Zhu Yuanzhang looked intently and broke out in a cold sweat. It turns out that the mountains around the capital of Nanjing are undulating, and some important commanding heights are outside the city, such as Zhongshan in the east, Yuhuatai in the south and Mufu Mountain in the north. This is a big taboo for the Yugoslav capital. Zhu Yuanzhang was angry, but he didn't attack. After going back to "kill him", let the eunuch send a plate of oranges to Liu Ji, who is in charge of planning and building the city. Liu Ji knew that the emperor blamed himself for his poor planning. He wants to peel oranges, cramp and eat meat. He was frightened and fled into Maoshan overnight to avoid disaster.

Just a "all right!" The king said, "Where is the center of the earth?" Legend. However, there is a true story that was beheaded for writing a plaque that angered Zhu Yuanzhang.

The word "door" goes straight down to the bottom without an upward hook. This writing method began in the Song Dynasty. Legend has it that after the Song Dynasty moved its capital to Lin 'an, the Jade Butterfly Hall caught fire, and the minister said that the word "door" in the palace plaque had a hook foot and a fire pen, so it was called fire. From then on, when writing the palace plaque "door", the last stroke was straight down, without hooking up. Zhu Yuanzhang wrote calligraphy and Zhan Xiyuan (a famous calligrapher in Ming Dynasty) wrote a plaque at the palace gate. Mark the last vertical "door" higher when Zhan writes. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious when he saw the dog and ordered Zhan Xiyuan to be beheaded.

Zhu Yuanzhang's greatest regret in his life

Despite various effective measures, in Zhu Yuanzhang's later years, the foundation of the palace built on Yanque Lake still sank.

When the ancient emperors built palaces, they were all built on the terrain of low in the south and high in the north, which meant that they were promoted step by step, and the mountains and rivers could be passed down from generation to generation. After the Ming Palace Museum sank, the terrain was high in the south and low in the north. Miyagi is high before and low after, which always makes people feel that the situation is unbalanced. According to the Yin and Yang family, this is a sign of national subjugation and extinction. This is an ominous sign for Zhu Yuanzhang, who is superstitious about geomantic omen. Zhu Yuanzhang felt a little fly in the ointment about Nanjing, the capital city, and added R-layer heart disease at this time.

In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu (139 1), when A Niu reached the age of, he said to his mother, "Mom, your eyes are not good. Don't spin and weave day and night in the future. I have grown up, I can support you! " So I went to Zhang's rich man's house to do small long-term work, and both mother and son came through thick and thin. Two years later, my mother's eye disease became more and more serious and she soon became blind. A Niu thought that my mother's eyes were blind to me, and she should be cured anyway. While working for the rich man, he grows vegetables in the dark early in the morning and sells vegetables to earn some money and asks his mother for a big basin for bathing. The Story Of Diu Sim slowly sat in, gave Xu Shoudong a glad eye, waved, and the artists with shovels began to dig. The big basin gradually rises with the increase of soil, and people will be tall in half an hour. Doctors buy medicine. I don't know how much medicine I took, but my mother's eye disease is still not getting better. ), Zhu Yuanzhang sent Prince Zhu Biao to inspect Guanzhong. Quite a plan to move the capital to Guanzhong. At that time, the main threat of the Ming Dynasty was the remnants of the Northern Yuan Dynasty on the ancient grassland. Bypassing the northwest can strengthen the northern border defense and stabilize the border. Zhu Yuanzhang didn't consider Beiping because he wanted to leave it to his favorite fourth son Judy as a fief. Zhu Yuanzhang's second son, the King of Qin, complained about this, because if the capital moved to Xi 'an, he would have no fief. To this end, Zhu Yuanzhang also detained the king of Qin. If it weren't for Prince Zhu Biao's intercession, before Li could reply, the onlookers first shouted, "What a bully! Compare with him and convince him! " Almost abolished the king of Qin.

Prince Zhu Biao inspected Xi 'an and Luoyang in detail, compared the two places, and presented Zhu Yuanzhang with a map of Shaanxi after his return. Prince Zhu Biao personally prefers Xi 'an as the capital. Xi 'an was once the capital of the Western Han Dynasty and the Tang Dynasty, so it was full of arrogance.

However, things are unpredictable, and the next year, Prince Zhu Biao died. Xi 'an, which might have been brilliant again, once again fell into a gloomy history (A.D. 1644, Li Zicheng, the leader of the peasant uprising army who rose up against the Ming Dynasty, became king in Xi 'an and made Xi 'an its capital. Since then, Xi has never had a chance to become the capital of the country.

Prince Zhu Biao died in the prime of life, and white-haired people sent black-haired people. Zhu Yuanzhang, who was nearly seventy years old, was hit hard and no longer had the energy and mood to consider moving the capital. At the end of that year, he personally wrote an article "Sacrificing a Kitchen Stove", which conveyed the feeling that "I have been running the world for decades and everything is prepared according to the ancient times". Only rich cities before and after the depression, the situation is not much to say. I wanted to move the capital, but now I am old and tired, and the world is at the beginning of peace, and I don't want to work for the people. There are several reasons for prosperity and waste, so we have to leave it to fate. I only wish to learn from this heart and bless my children. "

From then on, capital is one thing. It became the biggest regret of Zhu Yuanzhang's life, and it was not properly solved until his death. Four years after Zhu Yuanzhang's death, his successor, Hui Di Zhu Yun, acted as a fool, and his life and death were unknown. Many fortune tellers made a great fuss about this drastic change and attributed it to the poor geomantic omen in Nanjing Palace.

From "Dragon Gate Array"

Zhu Yuanzhang