Chaozhou Paifang Street Guangji Bridge

? After breakfast in the hotel, the group walked to Paifang Street in Chaozhou.

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Chaozhou Paifang Street, located in the center of the ancient city, is an ancient cultural street integrating intangible cultural heritage, traditional crafts and special snacks. The characteristic building of Paifang Street is an arcade that combines Chinese and western styles. Twenty-two stone archways in China in the Ming and Qing Dynasties are in harmony with the arcades with Nanyang style on both sides. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, arcades with Nanyang architectural style were introduced, which formed a unique overseas Chinese hometown style combining Chinese and western styles. The shops in the arcade of Paifang Street are mainly Chaozhou intangible cultural heritage: Chaozhou embroidery, hand-pulled pots, ceramics, congou and so on. And Chaozhou cuisine: Chaozhou Sambo, beef hotpot, kway teow, licorice fruit ... In Chaozhou, you can go to Paifang Street to learn about the past life of Chaozhou ancient city.

Chaozhou city is the political center of eastern Guangdong in history, where the state, Taoism and government are all located, and many officials and bureaucrats are gathered here. After entering the Song Dynasty, talented people came forth in large numbers. Therefore, during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chaozhou built many archways.

According to relevant historical records, there are 9/kloc-0 memorial archways in Chaozhou in history, including 39 Taiping Road and 44 other streets, and the rest are in Jinshan, Hanshan and Xiangziqiao. In addition, there are 57 towns and villages, so people call them "Paifang City". The archways concentrated on Taiping Road (street) are mostly two columns and one crossing road, which are large in scale, row upon row, unique in style and extraordinary in momentum, so they are called "Archway Street".

Taiping Road and Dongmen Street are the most concentrated sections of Chaozhou ancient archway. According to historical records, Taiping Road has 39 shipai buildings in Ming and Qing Dynasties, including 34 in Ming Dynasty and 5 in Qing Dynasty. The earliest one was built in the 12th year of Zhengde in Ming Dynasty (15 17), which was a "pillar history" square for Xu Hongyi, the latest one was built in the 50th year of Qianlong (1565438).

The archway in Chaocheng, except Baogong Shangshu Square and Liu Xian Square, is made of wood, and the Shijing Festival Filial Piety Square and the Qiutai Square rebuilt after the collapse are all made of stone. These archways, "one door with two columns or three doors with four columns", are carved with stone carvings to form resting peaks, columns, beams and small pieces, and three-storey archways are erected. On both sides of the plaque, some are decorated with stone carvings such as' dragon playing with beads' or' dragon and phoenix rolling grass', and stone lions or drums are added to the columns, which are commonly called pavilions by hipsters. "

Due to natural and man-made factors in history, there were 39 archways from 1949 to 10 in Chaocheng before liberation, including Taiping Road 19, Yi 'an Road 3, other streets 13, Jinshan and Hanshan 4 (quoted from10)

Due to years of disrepair, the existing archways in Chaocheng were loose and damaged, and the content belonged to "singing praises for feudal literati", so an accidental accident led to the destruction of the whole archway group. According to reports, on the afternoon of 1950, 65438+February and 17, the "Fang Bin, a centenarian township" located in Xiashuimen Street (commonly known as Xiashi) suddenly collapsed, killing Xu Huankun, a postal worker passing by, so on 19, the Consultative Committee of the First People's Congress of Chengguan Town, Chao 'an County.

Regarding the reasons for the demolition of the factory building, according to the document No.520 reported by Chengguan Town People's Government to the county government, there are three reasons: First, "there is traffic obstruction"; The second is "disrepair, waste danger; Third, "in the air defense period, it is even more necessary to dismantle it. "In fact, in addition to the above reasons, there are internal factors and' feudal content' that affect business operations. Therefore, although Liu, an enlightened person, proposed to retain or relocate some valuable archways, they were not adopted. Moreover, although the resolution calls for centralized protection of components with cultural relics value, there are few survivors today.

1986 After Chaozhou was listed as a national historical and cultural city in February, with the establishment of the famous city office and the improvement of people's understanding of history and culture, the restoration of Paifang Street began to be put on the agenda, but it could not be implemented due to subjective and objective conditions. After entering the 2 1 century, under the instigation of "famous tourist city", a number of key projects such as the ancient city wall, the East Gate Building and the Guangji Bridge have been started one after another, and the restoration of Paifang Street has become an important project in the construction of famous cities. With the attention of the municipal party Committee and municipal government and the enthusiastic support of folks at home and abroad, planning and design began in 2004, and the foundation stone was formally laid in September of the same year; After two years of construction, by the end of 2007, the installation and acceptance of the archway was basically completed, and the restoration of the arcades on both sides and the laying of the slate pavement continued.

It is said that 22 ancient archways have been restored, including 20 on Taiping Road (excluding "Sanyangmen" and "Ten-Phase Six Victory Square" at the south gate) and 2 on Dongmen Street. The restoration project adopts the principles of "original site, original appearance" and "prototype system, original structure, raw materials and original technology". However, because only 15 of the 22 buildings have photos, and the environment has changed for half a century, and the layout is reasonable, the "original site and original appearance" can only be the majority in principle.

In April 2004, the restoration project of Chaozhou Paifang Street was started, and 22 ancient archways were restored, including 20 Taiping Road and 2 Dongmen Street, and two new archways, "Sanyangmen" and "Ten-phase Six Victory Square", were added. The project was completed on June 5438+1October 65438+1October 2009 and officially opened to the public. It has become a unique landmark in the world, and it is also the largest ancient arched street in China. Through the "central axis" of Paifang Street, Chaozhou has been gradually restored and built into a cultural tourism center with diverse styles and rich contents, which fully embodies the humanistic environment, historical features and economic life of Chaozhou's history and culture. It is divided into five functional areas: traditional cultural block, characteristic industry and tourism boutique block, residential inn block, snack block and entertainment and leisure block, which are the key scenic spots for Chaozhou tourism.

According to engineer Qiu Chuangping, the main designer of this archway, of the 22 archways restored, 18 were built in Ming Dynasty 1565, 438+07 to 1637, and 4 were built in Qing Dynasty 1736 to 1785. The memorial archway includes Zhuangyuan Square, No.2 Square, Shangshu Square, Zhu Shi Square, Dazong Square, Sijinshi Square, Qi Jun Square, 88-year-old scholar Mu Rentian Ruifang, Hakka Jimei Square and Jinbang Lian Fang Square. Both father and son are scholars. The archway structure has 12 columns, 8 columns and 4 columns, which can resist an earthquake of magnitude 8 and achieve the goal of "no damage in a big earthquake, no collapse in a small earthquake". At the same time, * * * used 42 original components on the basis of extensive collection of the original components of the archway, mainly including the plaques of three workshops, namely, "Seven Happiness", "Giving Golden Glory" and "Wood and Heaven", as well as imperial edicts, bluestone carvings, reliefs and other components.

The restoration of Chaocheng archway has realized the dream of Chaozhou citizens for half a century and embodied the new atmosphere of the year of Dazhi. At the same time, it restored an important traditional block in Chaozhou, a famous city, and created a unique cultural landscape in the country. This will have a great impact on the protection and construction of historical and cultural cities and the development of tourism.

There are simple days in the ancient city that I like.

Along the antique street, we walked all the way to Guangji Bridge, where kapok is in full bloom.

Guangji Bridge, commonly known as Xiangzi Bridge, is located outside the east gate of Chaozhou ancient city, across the Hanjiang River, connecting the east and west banks, and is the transportation hub of ancient Fujian and Guangdong. It is also known as the famous ancient bridge in China along with Zhao Zhouqiao, Luoyang Bridge and Lugou Bridge. This bridge is an isolated case in the history of Chinese bridges. This is a unique cultural relic attraction. The ancients said, "It's a waste of time to get on the bridge before the tide comes". Mao Yisheng, a bridge expert, once wrote, "There is a section of Guangji Bridge, which is a special case in the history of Chinese bridges." 1988 was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit by the State Council in March.

This bridge was built in the Southern Song Dynasty in seven years. It started as a pontoon bridge, and then it was built from one pier on the east and west banks to the center of the river. It took 57 years to reach Shaodingyuan, with pier 13 in the east and pier 10 in the west. The 89-meter section in the middle of the river is too fast to build piers, and 24 ships are still connected as pontoons. In the tenth year of Xuande in Ming Dynasty (1435), Roy, the magistrate, presided over an unprecedented bridge repair project, and built 12 pavilion and 126 bridge house on the bridge, which were uniformly named "Guangji Bridge". In the eighth year of Zheng De (15 13), Tan Lun, the magistrate, added docks, while Jiajing reduced six boats in the ninth year, forming a unique style of "eighteen boats and twenty-four continents". In the second year of Yongzheng in Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1724), Zhang Ziqian, the magistrate, built Guangji Bridge and cast two cows, which were divided into eight piers in the west bridge and twelve piers in the east bridge. In the 22nd year of Daoguang (A.D. 1842), Dongdun cattle fell into the river. Therefore, there is a folk saying: "Chaozhou Xiangqiao is so romantic. There are 24 continents 18 shuttles, and there are 24 balconies on the 24th floor. Only two Niu Yi shuttles have slipped away." The total length of the bridge is about 520 meters, and there are 2/kloc-0 ancient piers.

There are four huge Liang Shi in each span of Guangji Bridge, the largest of which is about 15m long, 1m wide,1m thick and weighs about 50 tons. It fully demonstrated the wisdom and superb architectural art of the ancient working people. Its pier is the largest in China. Mr. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, once described it as follows: "The piers of Guangji Bridge are all made of stone, with different sizes and shapes. The north and south ends are pointed. There is no mortar between the stones, but there are mortises and tenons, which are together, but they are all huge anomalies and unheard of. " The pavilions and pavilions of different shapes on the bridge are one of the wonders on the bridge. Because it also doubles as a commercial shop, it has the reputation of "twenty-four terraces and twenty-four kinds" and "one mile long bridge and one mile city"

With the changes of dynasties and history, Guangji Bridge was in ruins before liberation. 1958, the government allocated funds to strengthen and maintain the whole bridge. 18 shuttle boats were demolished and converted into three-hole steel frames and two high-piled cap bridges. 1976, expanded again. The original 7-meter bridge deck was used as a roadway, and the two sides of the bridge were widened by 2 meters as sidewalks.

From June 5438 to October 2003 10, Guangji Bridge began to be fully repaired, with the overall style of Ming Dynasty as the main feature, and its function was positioned as a sightseeing footbridge, which took four years to complete. Today, 65,438+02 pavilions and 65,438+08 pavilions with different shapes and antiques have been rebuilt on the 265,438+0 ancient pier, and the 18 pontoon bridge in the middle has also been repaired. The magnificent posture of the combination of beams and ships and the reunion of pavilions and pavilions in the Millennium ancient bridge reappears. The pavilions are also engraved with couplets and plaques written by many famous calligraphers in China, which have high artistic appreciation value.

Xiangzi Bridge is located outside the East Gate of Chaozhou Ancient City. It was founded in the Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 800 years. It is a famous ancient bridge, which is called Zhao Zhouqiao and Lugou Bridge in China. Xiangzi Bridge spans the banks of the Han River and has 24 piers. After hundreds of years of wind and rain, it is still as strong as ever. In the case of backward productivity in ancient times, it is extremely difficult to build such a bridge on the great river, so Chaozhou has the legend of "immortals building bridges".

It is said that Xiangzi Bridge was built by Han Xiangzi and monk Guangji. At that time, the stone of Phoenix Mountain in Baxianba turned into a pig and rushed to the east of the river. When the bridge was built in the middle of the river, the stone disappeared. He Xiangu turned the lotus petal in his hand into a 18 wooden boat, and monk Guangji threw down his mord and turned it into a big vine to tie the 18 wooden boat. In this way, the whole bridge was completed. People call this bridge "Xiangzi Bridge" and "Guangji Bridge" to commemorate the joint efforts of immortals and Buddhists to build this bridge.

There is an iron cow on the bridge now. Originally, there were two, which were cast to save water and tie boats. However, in a thunderstorm, one of the East Bridges was shot down by lightning, so a folk song said, "Chaozhou Xiangqiao is so romantic, with 24 continents and 18 boats, and 24 units on the 24th floor. Two of them were born in Niu Yi and just slipped away. "

In this season, the connecting time of the pontoon bridge (ferry boat) of Guangji Bridge is 10.00- 17.30 hours. I was going to see how the pontoon bridge at 17.30 was opened for navigation, but I learned that the pontoon bridge at 17.30 had to be closed to clear the field, so I had to give it up with regret.

(Part of the text introduction comes from the Internet)