Types of Gardens in China

Gardens in China are mainly divided into royal gardens, private gardens and temple gardens.

I. Royal Gardens

Refers to the gardens belonging to the monarch (emperor, king) and his family (royal family, royal family). Due to the wealth of the monarch, the royal garden has a large scale, magnificent momentum and gorgeous architectural decoration. Royal gardens generally refer to the affiliated gardens of the palace, and relatively independent royal gardens can also be called "imperial gardens".

However, due to the change of dynasties, wars, natural disasters and other reasons, many early royal gardens have long been dilapidated, but modern people can still study the level of royal garden art from the preserved limited royal gardens and related relics.

Second, private gardens.

Private gardens, like Imperial Garden, are the main types of classical gardens in China. They represent the essence of residential gardens and have made great contributions in the history of gardens. There are the largest number of literati gardens in history, and many owners are famous writers or painters in history, which has a great influence.

Private houses are generally small and can't accommodate many landscapes. They don't have the magnificence and breathtaking beauty of gardens, but they have a unique charm that can make people linger. The key is to integrate the garden landscape with the master's literary mind and cultivation.

Third, temple gardens.

Temple gardens are another category of classical gardens in China. As far as horticulture is concerned, it refers not only to gardens attached to Buddhist temples and Taoist temples, but also to gardens belonging to buildings serving religious beliefs and consciousness worship. In ancient China, the objects of belief and worship were more complicated, and various types of buildings appeared, usually with gardens, which also brought the diversity of temple gardens.

"Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." This famous sentence by Du Mu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, not only describes the prosperity of Buddhist temples in the Southern Dynasties, but also points out the beautiful environment of the temples. Almost all the scenic spots in the north and south of the Yangtze River are occupied by Galand, a Buddhist temple. Nowadays, famous mountains, big and small, all over the country have become tourist attractions. Almost all of them have ancient temples. Someone once described the beautiful scenery of these temples as "a temple wrapped in a garden".

Extended data:

Classified by local characteristics

1, northern royal gardens: such as the Summer Palace in Beijing: characterized by: superior to the world in conception, reflecting royal style and wealth; In the planning and layout: the area is huge, the central axis is clear, the landscape line is used more, and the garden is completely independent;

Architectural decoration: less construction, verified layout, closed shape and gorgeous decoration; The pool water is used less, or it is close to the mountains and waters, relying on natural terrain and mixing techniques, imitating Jiangnan. It embodies a realm of "Cang, Sen and Mu".

2. Gardens in the south of the Yangtze River: such as Humble Administrator's Garden and Master's Garden in Suzhou, which were built at the beginning of15th century. Their characteristics are: conceptual transcendence; In the planning and layout: large area, main and auxiliary contrast, architectural background, relatively independent landscape, garden houses, changeable space; Architectural decoration: less construction, flexible layout, light and elegant shape and elegant decoration; The water surface is large and tortuous, and there are many natural waterscapes; It embodies a realm of "moistening things quietly and quietly, quietly elegant".

3. Lingnan gardens, such as Guangdong Qinghui Garden and Keyuan Garden, are characterized by pragmatic entry into the WTO and pragmatic application. In the planning and layout: the courtyard is surrounded by buildings, and the garden houses are integrated; Architectural decoration: there are many buildings, even houses and mansions, which are large in size and colorful in decoration; The pool is small, with regular geometry and a stone embankment. Due to the climate characteristics, it embodies a kind of "wet, cloudy and abundant" realm.

4. Bashu Gardens: such as Yanhua Reservoir in Chengdu, Shengangui Lake, Du Fu Caotang, etc. Characterized by elegance, simplicity, sparseness and naturalness, it is larger than private gardens and smaller than royal gardens, and many of them have the intention of commemorating historical celebrities in Bashu area.

References:

Baidu Encyclopedia-China Garden