Brief knowledge points of biographies of historical assassins

First, import:

Biography of the Assassin, like Biography of Funny, is a joint biography. He recorded the deeds of five famous assassins Cao Mo, Zhuan Xu, Yurang, Nie Zheng and Jing Ke during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. And what we are going to learn today is part of it-"Jing Ke stabbed the king of Qin". As a story spread for thousands of years, why is Jing Ke Stabbing Qin sought after by people? What does the assassin Jing Ke look like? Why did he assassinate the king of Qin? Let's find the answer from today's text.

Second, the full text *** 18 can be divided into six parts:

The first part (1-5) introduces Jing Ke and writes about Jing Ke's life experience, specialty, travel and friends.

The second part (6-8) Prince Taizi Dan and the king of Qin became enemies. The background of the contradiction between Taizi Dan and the king of Qin is written separately. Ju Wu advised Taizi Dan to introduce Tian Guang; And Tian Guang introduced Jing Ke to commit suicide.

The third part (9- 13) tells about the preparation before stabbing Qin. Separately wrote Taizi Dan asking Jing Ke for help; Prince Taizi Dan urged Jing Ke to start; Jing Ke seeks the lead; Xiao, goodbye.

The fourth part (14) Listening to the King of Qin

The fifth part (15- 17) Qin Wang killed Yan, and Gao Jianli stabbed Qin. They wrote that it is a disaster for themselves not to stab Qin. Qin Wang destroyed Yan; Gao Jianli failed to stab Qin; Lu Goujian's speech

The sixth part (18) Tai Shigong's comments on praise

Reading and Fencing —— Nie Gai's Argument on Sword —— Convicting the Anger of Sword —— Making friends with him gradually —— The Prince of Yan's plan —— Accepting it in time —— Introducing Tian Guang —— Introducing Jing Ke —— Tian Guang's suicide —— Yan Guo's destruction of Zhao —— preparing to stab Qin —— farewell to Xiao —— assassination.

Third, intensive reading appreciation.

1, Jing Ke

(1) As a world-famous assassin and the protagonist of stabbing Qin, what kind of person is Jing Ke? Find out the sentences from the text and summarize them briefly.

Clear: deep and good books, the pursuit of progress. Although Jing Ke swims in wine, he is a profound and good book. All the princes he visited were related to their noble elders. )

⑵ A good book is easy to understand, and there are direct written expressions in it (Jing Ke likes reading and fencing), so how can his profundity be realized?

Clear: There are two things here. One is talking about fencing with Nie Gai. When something is wrong, Nie Gai stares at him with his eyes (I don't know if my eyes match with those of Lun Jian), and Jing Ke leaves directly after going out. The second is to play with Lu Goujian, who reprimanded him, and Jing Ke ran away silently. Many people think that Jing Ke is timid after reading these two things, but Sima Qian didn't write these two things on purpose. He wanted to show Jing Ke's generosity and not get excited about trifles. If it is really timid, there would be no Jing Ke stabbing Qin in the back alone. This is the deep side of his character.

(3) So how is Jing Ke's pursuit of progress reflected?

Clear:

(1) used fencing to lobby Wei, but it was not adopted. It can be said that there is no way to serve the country.

(2) After Jing Ke arrived in Yan State, he lingered in restaurants, met his friends all day, got drunk in the butcher shop, and then hugged each other and cried. It seems crazy, but it is actually to dispel the unknown sadness.

(3) Make friends with local sages and heroes, respected people (the governors who travel with them are all tied together with their sages and elders. ) to set off its pursuit of progress.

Thus, Jing Ke has ambition, ability and forbearance, which is different from ordinary warriors and rangers. In Tian Guang's words, "this is not mediocrity".

2. Why do you want to stab Qin?

(1) As a ranger, it should have been raining and peaceful, but why did Jing Ke want to be an assassin, help Yan to stab Qin, and get involved in the political dispute between Yan and Qin?

It is clear: ① Prince Taizi's firm invitation ② Tian Guang's encouragement ③ is the reward of knowing what happened.

Then, why did Taizi Dan kill the king of Qin so resolutely?

Clear:

An insult to bullying.

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, vassal states often formed strategic alliances for political needs. In order to make the alliance more stable, governors often send their children to the allies as hostages to enhance the confidence of the allies. Taizidan is a senior hostage. He first became a hostage in Zhao, where he spent a wonderful youth and became friends with Ying Zheng. Later, Ying Zheng became the monarch of Qin. But the plot is that Ying Zheng later became a monarch, while Taizi Dan continued his unfinished hostage career and went to the State of Qin to continue to be a hostage. But when he was young, his friends were not friendly to him after he became a monarch, so Prince Dan held a grudge and fled back to China to find thugs to avenge his humiliation.

(2) solving the national crisis

At this time, Qin was invincible and Yan was in danger. (Later, Qin and Japan sent troops to cut Qi, Chu and Sanjin in Shandong, slightly invading the governors. As for Yan and Yan Junchen, they were all afraid of disaster. In addition, Taizi Dan took in the rebel Fan of Qin, which caused more trouble and anger in Qin. Faced with such a dangerous situation, Taizi Dan wanted to tell the story of Cao Mo and hijack the king of Qin to let him know that the anti-vassal had lost his land (if he really robbed the king of Qin, he would know that the anti-vassal had invaded the land, and if Cao Mo and Qi Huangong were together). If not, the king of Qin will be assassinated, and the monarch and ministers of Qin will be suspicious of each other, leading to civil strife in Qin, taking the opportunity to unite the princes and defeat Qin. If you can't do it, kill it. If general Qin is good at fighting outside and chaotic inside, the monarch and his subjects are suspicious, so that the princes can live in harmony and Qin will be broken. )

Generally speaking, the reason why Prince Taizi Dan stabbed Qin Gui was to get revenge and to solve the national crisis.

Said earlier, Jing Ke promised to help Yan Qin, in addition to the strength of Taizi Dan invited, there are two reasons. One is the encouragement of a friend, and the other is to repay him.

① skylight excitation

Tian Guang agreed with Taizi Dan's idea of assassinating Qin, but because he was too old and weak to go in person, he recommended his friend Jing Ke to Taizi Dan, hoping that his friend could complete the assassination task on his behalf. Tian Guang loves Yan and knows Jing Ke. He knew that his death would definitely make Jing Ke go through fire and water for Yan's safety. Facts have proved that Tian Guang didn't die in vain, and Jing Ke didn't let Tian Guang down.

Of course, there is another reason for Tian Guang's death: "seeing doubt". A person's behavior (especially the behavior of the elderly) should not arouse suspicion. If you are suspected, you are not a "knight-errant". In order to convince the prince that he would not leak the news, Tian Guang insisted on "credibility", "solar terms" and "integrity" with his own death.

(2) repay kindness.

After agreeing to Taizi Dan's request, Taizi Dan respected him to the utmost. (So Jing Qing was honored as Shangqing and gave up the house. Every day, the prince builds doors, offering too many tools to let foreign objects in, and riding a beautiful woman for Jing Ke to do whatever he wants to meet his needs. ) You not only sealed the official position, arranged a five-star hotel for him, but also visited him every day, sent him expensive food, sent him rare treasures, and sent him a beautiful car to see Jing Ke. Jing Ke was moved by Taizi Dan's humility and thoughtfulness, and finally made up his mind to help Yan stab Qin.

3. Qin Preparation

(1) So, what preparations did Jing Ke make to successfully assassinate the king of Qin?

Clear: discuss the plan-get the token-prepare the dagger-prepare the deputy-bid farewell to Num.

Seek token

(1) attack Zhao, sweeping, wiped out, Yan is in danger. Facing Jing Ke, who had no time to leave, Taizi Dan couldn't sit still any longer and came to ask why. Jing Ke replied that he lacked the keepsake to win the trust of the king of Qin, and asked to please the king of Qin with Fan's head and the map of Du Kang in Yan State, so as to create opportunities for intimacy and assassination. But the map is good and the head is hard to find. How did Jing Ke persuade Fan to lay down his life for gratitude?

Clarity: moved by emotion and understood by reason.

Jing Ke asked Fan three times. First of all, he made a preliminary test from the cruelty of the king of Qin, who moved his feelings. Then, from the aspect of "solving the problem of Yan Yan and revenging the general", we can solve it with righteousness, introduce it without sending it, and further observe and reflect; Only when General Fan was anxious to know, did he tell the whole story of the assassination plan and ask his wishes. Jing Ke is bold and cautious, knowing yourself and yourself, and has a deep understanding of General Fan. Jing Ke's spirit of giving himself up for righteousness made General Fan more excited to "seek advantages and avoid disadvantages". General Fan's suicide not only showed his courage and integrity, but also showed his understanding and trust in Jing Ke.

(2) What kind of personality characteristics did these two paragraphs show about Jing Ke?

It is clear: "I would like to pay tribute to the prince's words." Chivalrous spirit when it comes to doing it.

"If you don't believe in this trip, Qin is not amiable." "Sincerely general fan, yan Du Kang map, offer the king of qin. The king of Qin will say that when he meets the minister, he will be rewarded. " Prince Taizi Dan used his quick wits and put forward a plan, which was smart, bold and resourceful.

"Jing Ke knew the prince couldn't stand it, but he met with Van Yuqi privately." He had extraordinary originality and thoughtful consideration.

"May the general's head be dedicated to the king of Qin." "However, the revenge of the general will be reported, and the shame of Yan Jianling will be removed." Be bold and cautious, know yourself and know yourself.

The pledge problem was solved, and Taizi Dan also prepared luggage for Jing Ke. Equipped with a murder weapon: I got Mrs. Zhao Renxu's dagger, took a hundred gold, and asked the workers to use drugs to test people. Everyone had to die. Equipped with helpers to kill people: Qin Wuyang, a warrior of Yan State, is thirteen years old, killing people like hemp, and people dare not look down upon him. Is to let Qin Wuyang do vice), but why Jing Ke has been slow to hit the road?

Clear: Wait for friends. Because Jing Ke knew it was difficult to finish the task by starting so rashly.

(3) What kind of personality characteristics does Taizi Dan's repeated urging explain? What does this do for Jing Ke?

Clarity: On the one hand, writing about the Prince's "being late", "doubting him" and "inviting again" shows his panic and anxiety when the army is besieged, and at the same time shows his impetuousness and paranoia, so as to set off Jing Ke's calmness and firmness. Faced with the repeated urging of the Prince, Jing Ke was "angry" and "angry", which showed his strong character. Say goodbye angrily and hastily set the stage for the failure of stabbing Qin.

(3) Jing Ke finally hit the road, and Princess Yan said goodbye to Minister Xiao. As one of the two important plots of Jing Ke's stabbing Qin, what is the function of Xiao Shui's separation?

Clear:

First of all, it highlights the seriousness of the situation, the solemnity of the mission and the secrecy of doing things, as well as the tragedy of the environment and the sadness of the participants.

Secondly, the author deliberately rendered "all white clothes are crowned as gifts", which enveloped the whole scene with a sad atmosphere. Then, he wrote, "Jing Ke sings in harmony, which is the sound of variation", and he also rendered it from the music to make the sad color stronger.

Third, the author is not only writing about sadness here, but also writing about the strong, writing about the strong in sadness. Jing Ke is well aware of the sinister and troubled nature of this trip, but he has no hesitation or fear. In order to eradicate tyranny, he died, and a heroic song of "The wind blows and the water cools, and the strong man will never return" expressed his unswerving generosity, which made the scene move from sadness to strength, and the voice of change moved from heartfelt sadness to passionate feathers.

In the end, "Jing Ke left the car and finally ignored it", set out with the determination to die and left without hesitation. At this point, the tragic atmosphere reached its peak. Here, the scene is solemn and stirring, and the atmosphere is strong enough to make the gods cry, which makes people with a heart of stone sigh! )

The court stabbed the king of Qin to death.

(1) How does the author describe the thrilling scene of the imperial court stabbing the king of Qin to death?

Clear:

(1) Use short sentences to highlight the tension between life and death. For example, "the king of Qin was shocked, and from then on, his sleeves took off." Draw your sword, long sword. Fuck the room. In a hurry, the sword is tied and can't be pulled out. ""the king of Qin walked around the column and died in a hurry. He didn't know what to do, so he said, "The king bears the sword!" , negative sword, then pull Jing Ke, break its left shares. "

(2) Highlight the action description and show the wonderful and tortuous process of the life-and-death struggle between the two sides. For example, Jing Ke's "holding the sleeve", "holding the blade" and "pulling" when stabbing are coherent, rapid, powerful and exciting; The actions of "shock, rise, despair, pull and practice" in the assassination of the king of Qin vividly portrayed the fear and panic of the king of Qin and created a tense atmosphere; A blow missed, Jing Ke "chased" and Qin Wang "walked" to write that the two men confronted each other head-on, with ups and downs; Later, Qin Wang's "negative, pull, strike and break" made the plot plummet, and Qin Wang changed from panic to a clear and effective counterattack; Jing Ke was injured, but he still "drew his sword", "bowed", "leaned against the column and laughed, and stood upside down and scolded". The assassination failed, but it was tragic and touching.

(3) Through the description of language, expression and expression, vividly depict the characters. Jing Ke's "Dancing with laughter in the sun, before Xie Yue" shows Jing Ke's composure and extraordinary courage. "If the governor does not obey, he will laugh and curse on the pillar", which highlights his heroic quality of dying. When you see its shape, read it when you hear its sound.

④ The foil technique highlights the heroic image of Jing Ke. Qin Wuyang, who wrote "Thirteen Years" to kill people, "changed color and was frightened", which set off Jing Ke's composure; Write about the king of Qin's "fear of urgency", "surprise", "loss of all ability" and "ignorance", to set off Jing Ke's heroism and shock Qin Ting; In the end, Jing Ke was defeated and died, but the king of Qin was still "depressed". These words set off the majesty of Jing Ke from the opposite side.

(2) When the State of Qin failed, the King of Qin was furious and sent troops to cut down Yan, and the State of Yan perished. Prince Taizi Dan was killed and Yan was captured. Does this result correspond to the previous part?

Qing: my words. "When the husband is in danger, he wants to seek safety, create disasters and seek happiness. He is shallow and resentful. After connecting a person, he will pay, regardless of the great harm of the country. This so-called' endowment and resentment help disasters'. My husband will be fine if he burns feathers on charcoal. Let's carve a cup of Qin, complaining about the anger of violence. Is it enough? " Show the foresight of staying in the military.

(3) How to understand the actions of Jing Ke and Jing Ke stabbing the king of Qin?

Jing Ke has a chivalrous personality and is greatly influenced by Taizi Dan. He knew it was extremely dangerous to enter Qin, but he went without hesitation until he was defeated. Jing Ke's assassination of the king of Qin can't really save the state of Yan from peril, and Jing Ke resolutely returns the kindness of Prince Taizi Dan. Jing Ke deserves recognition, not because he avenged Taizi Dan, but because he stood in the forefront of the struggle against Qin's attack on six Shandong countries and saved Yan from danger. For thousands of years, the oppressed people admired Jing Ke because of his chivalrous spirit of sympathizing with the weak and resisting violence. Of course, this also reveals the factor of "a scholar dies for his bosom friend", which is not only the limitation of Jing Ke himself, but also the limitation of the author. Judging from Jing Ke's practice of stabbing the king of Qin, this kind of personal terror is not desirable, and it is even more impossible to change the course of history by personal fighting, which reflects the limitations of history and class.

5. Gao Jianli stabbed Qin.

(1) What is the purpose of writing that Gao Jianli stabbed Qin?

Clear: As Jing Ke's close friend and confidant in Yan State, Gao Jianli became a servant anonymously after Qin destroyed Yan State, and was finally discovered by Qin Shihuang because of his outstanding musical talent. Qin Shihuang blinded his eyes and asked him to build it. Gao Jianli, who was blind, took the opportunity to approach Qin Shihuang and attacked him with a lead-filled building. As a result, he was punished and failed. Gao Jianli's assassination attempt scared Qin Shihuang to "never get close to the princes." As a world-famous musician, Gao Jianli used a musical instrument as a weapon instead of a dagger, so his assassination was not inferior to that of ordinary assassins. Gao Jianli's brave image and Jing Ke's brave image complement each other. Gao Jianli's death brought a perfect ending to Biography of the Assassin. The author wants to tell us that as long as there are such people, as long as there is such an assassin spirit, it is enough to make those tyrants feel scared and shudder.

(3) How did Lu Goujian evaluate Jing Ke's Qin-stabbing behavior?

Qing: "Oh, what a pity, I didn't talk about the art of stabbing swords!" " I regret that his assassination failed.

"I don't know who! When I scold you, you treat me like I'm not a person! " Praise Jing Ke, feeling that he is not excited about trifles, but he can lay down his life to resist violence.

6. What did Tai Shigong say in this part?

Clarification: correct rumors that are inconsistent with historical facts; Indicate that the record is true; Affirm Jing Ke's chivalrous act.

Summary: Grasp the image of Jing Ke;

A chivalrous man, a brave man; Perseverance, without hesitation; Chivalrous and courageous, generous and open-minded; Both wisdom and courage; Deep and capable, without danger; Modesty and self-knowledge;