Ma kuo's life ..

In the Southern Song Dynasty, he was the leader of the anti-Jin Rebel Army stationed in Wumashan Village, Zanhuang County. In the Song Dynasty, Didao (now Lintao, Gansu Province) was a native of Hezhou (now Hexian County, Anhui Province). At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Guo Zeng went to the State of Jin with his father Ma Zheng. In the first year of Jingkang (1 126), Jin Bing invaded Zhengding (now Zhengding, Hebei Province), expanded to Xishan Buddhist Temple to protect himself, and was captured the following year. Zong hopes to lure him in and allow him to open a hotel to live in. Expand the use of this favorable condition, widely contact people from all walks of life, and secretly communicate with the Taihang Mountain Anti-Jin Yijun Army. During the Cold Food Festival in the second year of Jianyan (1 128), Ma Kuo entered the Wumashan Rebel Shanzhai in Zanhuang County in the name of mourning his relatives and friends, and was promoted as the leader by Zhao Bangjie and others who were already in the shanzhai. Song Huizong's18th son, Zhao Zhen, was invited to the mountain and praised as a leader to enhance his attraction. The vast number of rebels in Taihang Mountain area is huge, with hundreds of thousands of people. Later, Wumashan Village was attacked by nomads from the city. Ma Kuo went to Yangzhou to ask Song Gaozong for help, but Zhao Gou refused to send troops. He was still stationed in the north and could not move forward. After that, Wuma Shanzhai was finally breached by the nomads from the rear, and Ma Kuo was forced to return to Yangzhou and was relieved of military power.

Ma Kuo was born without taking the exam, and died in December of the 21st year of Shaoxing. His ugliness is recorded in historical books (Volume 162: Annals of the Year of Yan Li). But whether he died in his fifties or sixties or in his seventies or eighties is unknown. However, judging from historical records, this problem should have a general outline.

Records of the Years of Jianyan 140 records: "In April of the 11th year of Shaoxing, Ren Yin summoned pro-doctor Wei, observer of Lizhou and deputy general manager of Jinghu South Road, Ma Bu and Ma Kuo to beg for the palace view, and got their wish." According to the official history of the Song Dynasty (volume 170), the temple was established as the official of the ancestral temple with the aim of "respecting the old and the wise", and it was stipulated that "those who reached the age of 60 were servants and refused to serve twice". It can be inferred from this that in the eleventh year of Shaoxing (1 14 1), Ma Kuo was at least sixty years old, otherwise he would not be "tired of begging for palace views". Although Guan Gong's working age may change in the early Southern Song Dynasty, it may not strictly follow the lever of "over 60 years old", but it should not change much, because his essence of "being old and wise" has never changed. Therefore, we can generally confirm that Ma Kuo died in December of the 21st year of Shaoxing (1 152), at least. According to this, when he passed the martial arts examination in Zhenghe eight years (1 18), he should have been over 30 years old, which is roughly consistent with the time and year when a martial arts candidate in the Song Dynasty had to be both martial arts and righteous.

In the historical novel Golden Ouque, Ma Kuo regards Liu Yong as his "brother" and his wife as his "sister-in-law". Liu Kun was born and died in 1098 ~ 1 162 (A General History of China Encyclopedia of China), and Liu Kun died in Shaoxing for thirty-two years (1 162), only 64 years old, so Ma Kuo. The novel is lost here. Ma Kuo is an envoy to Yanjing. He is eloquent and plays it by ear, and secretly accepts Frank Liu Zong-Ji, the son of Han people in Liao. In the Liao Dynasty, he stated that the Song Dynasty sent troops not at the invitation of the Jin people, but because the gods in the sky were still alive and Yeluchun was not an emperor, so he got up and questioned. And when he saw that the military was in power, he told a story about the reasons for the invasion of the Song Dynasty:

The Fourth Army (referring to Xiao Gan) sent Dashilin Cliff to meet the enemy, saying, "North and South have been connected for hundreds of years. What do you mean by sending troops to invade the land? " The servant replied, "The imperial court sent people to return Yan to the Jurchen Sea, and they always gave warm answers. I can't believe it. Close enough to get a copy, it is said that it is behind the mountain. When the Southern Dynasties didn't want the land of Yan State, the Canal State took it for itself. The court had to send troops to save the face. " Lin Ya said: "The Hexi family (that is, Xixia) went to the table many times and thought of the invasion of the Southern Dynasties. Every watch in this dynasty went to the Southern Dynasty, refusing to forget the righteousness and listening to spies. " Only in your court did you get a word from Jurchen, and even dispatched troops? The servant replied, "Although Xia Guo was tired and arrogant, how did it invade every inch of the Southern Dynasties for decades?"? "Jurchen said really realized. This dynasty not only tried to save Yan Ying's land, but also tried to ensure its own border. " Lin Ya added, "How can you make a contract for Liu Zongji?" The servant said, "Your nobles are deeply impressed, and those who care for their servants are' inviting their ears'." Lin Yayun said: "If the two countries are reconciled, if they don't want to stay, eating is also feasible. Send a message to Tong Guan: If you want peace, you will still reconcile. Don't want peace, please send troops to watch the war. " ("North Alliance" Volume 8 cited "Juzhai readme")

Let's look at the records of the Khitan National Records:

Lin Yahua is good at the alliance between the two countries. What is the promotion of teachers? As an emissary, Andrew Liu lived and offered himself to the city? Ma Kuo said, "Jurchen soldiers have arrived behind the mountain, and our court is sending troops to save Yan." Liu Zongji saw the vote, did he not accept it? "Lin Ya said," I wanted to stay in Xuanzan, but I wanted to make peace. I don't want to work too hard Make peace if you want, fight if you want, and the heat will not make all troops suffer. "After that, go to Ma Chi. (Records of the Khitan Nation, Volume 11)

The reason for sending troops was 180 degree turn from "asking for guilt" to "rescue", but Ma Kuo himself did not shy away from this "sophistry", which was basically consistent with the records in the National Records of Qidan, and Ma Kuo's account was more detailed. Others, such as some questions raised by Alex, describe the attitude towards peace and war basically the same.

In November of the seventh year of Xuanhe, Ma Kuo and Xin Xingzong of Fu Xuan's division served as deputy officers. Before using the army, they discussed with Wei and Yong States whether to invade the south (volume 22 of the Northern Alliance). This was Ma Kuo's last trip to Jin when the Jin people invaded the south, which was described in detail in Ju Zhai readme. The third volume of Annals of Guo Dajin also describes Ma Kuo's mission. They are compared with each other and have their own details, but their basic contents and positions are the same. The only difference is that before Ma Kuo arrived in Mohan's army, Mohan asked Ma Kuo and others to pay him a "court visit" (that is, to pay homage to the Lord), and the account of this etiquette problem is different. "Daikin Guozhi" said: "To expand the ranks, we all worship it as if we were visiting the country." This narrative seems divorced from words, but the significance of the beginning of the struggle is clear. "The Legacy of Xuanhe" describes it like this: "Stick to Yan Bing, and make Ma Kuo worship as a courtier. Sitting in an awkward position to be worshipped. "Literature General Examination" also said: "(Ma Kuo) and the territory, stick to the Yan army, only three officers and men can defend. It's still interesting to attend court. "As can be seen from a few relative photos, the account of Juzhai Readme obviously avoids the problem of" participating in the DPRK "and only vaguely mentions" participating in the Han Dynasty ",but in front of it, it illustrates Tong Guan's requirements and objectives for this mission:

Guan Yu said: "I see that leisure gifts are difficult to fight for, and I have something important. I only discuss the delivery of Wei Ying, Hu Fei and Lingqiu counties, and the rest of the land is easy to return to the State of Jin." We are still trying to find out whether sticky fruit has the intention of invading the south. "("Northern League "Volume 22)

In fact, Ma Kuo's narrative is tantamount to admitting the fact that they had to attend the court meeting with Mian Han as they presided over the ceremony. It can be clearly seen that Ma Kuo recorded this experience in a subtle way through the interpretation of Tong Guan's will, which is different from the records in Daikin Guozhi, Xuanhe Legacy and Literature General Examination. Although the narrative is obscure, it also reveals the taboo psychology of this matter, but it never means to deny it. To be realistic, I have to "go to court" to give cotton letters. It is human nature and true feelings that Ma Kuo is afraid of such a major diplomatic faux pas. Similar things are inevitable today, not to mention the ancients. Compared with those works that specialize in sophistry and even reverse black and white, Zhai Zhai's Self-Report is undoubtedly a far cry. At least at that time, Xu had quoted it as an important historical document.

The existence of these "secrets" in Zhai Zhai's Self-Report does not affect its overall authenticity and historical value. We have studied the initial communication history between Song and Jin Dynasties, and Ju Zhai's self-report is still a very important historical document.