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What does professional ethics include?

What does professional ethics generally include: love and dedication, honesty and trustworthiness, fairness, serving the masses and contributing to society.

The meaning of professional ethics includes the following eight aspects:

(1) Professional ethics is a professional norm, which is generally recognized by the society.

(2) Professional ethics is naturally formed for a long time.

(3) There is no definite form of professional ethics, which is usually embodied in thoughts, habits and beliefs.

(4) Professional ethics depends on culture, inner beliefs and habits, and is realized through employees' self-discipline.

(5) Most professional ethics have no substantive binding force and coercive force.

(6) The main content of professional ethics is the requirements for employees' obligations.

(7) Diversification of professional ethics standards means that different enterprises may have different values.

(8) Professional ethics bears the corporate culture and cohesion, and has far-reaching influence.

professional ethics

The main research object of professional ethics refers to the sum of relatively stable moral concepts, codes of conduct and customs formed within the professional scope. It is a code of conduct to regulate the relationship between people in professional groups and between professional groups and all aspects of society, and it is a standard to evaluate the professional behavior of employees, which has special binding force on employees in this industry.

The emergence and development of professional ethics is produced with the development of social division of labor and the emergence of relatively fixed professional groups. People's professional life practice is the basis of professional ethics. At the end of primitive society, due to the development of production and exchange, there was a division of labor between agriculture, handicrafts and animal husbandry, and professional ethics began to sprout. After entering the class society, there appeared such occupations as commerce, politics, military affairs, education and medical treatment. On the basis of certain social and economic relations, these specific occupations not only require people to have specific knowledge and skills, but also require people to have specific moral concepts, emotions and qualities. In order to safeguard their professional interests and reputation and meet the needs of society, various professional groups have gradually formed professional ethics in their professional practice according to the basic requirements of general social ethics.

In ancient literature, there was a long record of professional ethics. For example, Sun Tzu, an ancient art of war in China in the 6th century BC, recorded that "a general is wise, trustworthy, benevolent, brave and strict". Wisdom, faithfulness, benevolence, courage and strictness are called general virtues by ancient China military strategists. The six standards of feudal officials' moral cultivation put forward by the ministers of the Ministry of War in the late Ming Dynasty are called "Six Commandments for Self-examination of People-friendly Officials", which include "Diligent pension, cautious criminal law, no bribery, strict expropriation and frugality". Ancient doctors in China have formed a fine tradition of medical ethics in their long-term medical practice. It is a long-standing medical motto in the medical field that "the sick are not cloud, the easy things are not difficult, the rich and the poor agree, and the expensive and the cheap have different medicines". The Hippocratic Oath in ancient Greece in the 5th century BC is the earliest medical professional ethics document in the West.

The professional ethics of a certain society is determined and restricted by the division of labor and economic system of that society. In feudal society, the self-sufficient natural economy and feudal hierarchy not only restricted the communication between occupations, but also hindered the development of professional ethics. Only the rules and regulations of some industrial and commercial associations and the words, deeds and works of famous people engaged in medical, educational, political and military industries contain professional ethics. In this social industry, there are also people with superb skills and noble morality. Their professional ethics behavior and quality have been praised by the masses, attacked from generation to generation, and gradually formed a fine professional ethics tradition. The development of capitalist commodity economy has promoted the expansion of social division of labor, and occupations and industries are also increasing and complicated. In order to enhance their competitiveness and increase profits, various professional organizations advocate professional ethics one after another to improve their professional reputation. Many countries and regions have also established professional associations, formulated articles of association, and stipulated professional purposes and professional ethics. So as to promote the popularization and development of professional ethics. In capitalist society, not only the morality of generals, officials, medical ethics and teachers' style has been further enriched and improved, but also many ethics that were not available in previous society have emerged, such as enterprise ethics, business ethics, lawyer ethics, scientific ethics, editor ethics, writer ethics, painter ethics, sports ethics and so on. However, due to bourgeois egoism and the concept of money first, the role of professional ethics has been greatly limited in capitalist society. Because of the nature of capitalist society, some professional ethics are hypocritical. Advocating when necessary, trampling when unnecessary, often superficial and boastful.

Socialist professional ethics is developed to meet the needs of socialist material civilization and spiritual civilization construction, under the guidance of socialist moral principles and on the basis of criticizing and inheriting the excellent professional ethics tradition in history. Because there is no distinction between high and low in all walks of life in socialism, and there is no fundamental conflict of interest within occupations, between different occupations, between occupational groups and society, people of different occupations can form the same requirements and moral ideals, and establish a sense of responsibility and honor that loves their jobs. Some provisions in the professional conventions formulated by all walks of life in China, such as the service convention for commercial and other service industries, the oath of the China People's Liberation Army, the scientific ethics of scientific and technological workers, and the regulations for workers in factories and enterprises, all belong to the content of socialist professional ethics and have played a huge role in professional life.

Professional Morality and General Social Morality The professional morality of any society is always influenced and restricted by the general social morality dominated by that society, and the relationship between them is * * * sex and personality in a certain sense. The professional ethics of capitalist society, especially the professional ethics directly manipulated and participated by the bourgeoisie, is most directly and seriously influenced and restricted by the bourgeois egoistic moral principles, and is the embodiment and concrete supplement of the bourgeois general moral principles. Socialist professional ethics is guided by the principles of socialist morality, and at the same time it is the concrete embodiment and supplement of the principles and norms of socialist morality in all walks of life. Compared with general social morality, professional ethics has the following characteristics: ① Professional ethics is formed in history and developed in a specific professional environment, which often forms professional traditions and relatively stable professional psychology and habits, thus having strong stability and continuity; (2) Professional ethics reflects a specific professional relationship and has the business characteristics of a specific occupation, so its scope of action is limited to specific professional activities, and it is only binding on people engaged in specific occupations; (3) Professional ethics are usually expressed in the form of rules and regulations, work codes, service conventions, labor regulations, and behavioral instructions.

In a class society, the general social morality is always the morality of a certain class. As a special ideology, professional ethics always reflects the economic relations of a certain society, embodies the requirements and aspirations of a certain class, and serves the interests of a certain class. This is because the occupation in class society is ultimately linked to the practical activities of a class and is restricted by the moral standards of this class. People of different classes will inevitably bring their own views and emotions into their professional life, forming different professional concepts and professional ethics. The exploiting classes always regard some occupations as "noble" and others as "humble". The professional ethics of those so-called noble occupations often directly reflect the interests of the exploiting classes and the spirit of their moral principles, while the professional ethics of those so-called humble occupations engaged by working people often have the requirements of resisting the exploiting classes and are opposite to their moral principles. However, due to the different distance and density between different occupations and the ruling class, different professional ethics are influenced by the ruling class morality to varying degrees. However, even medical, sports, scientific research and other professional ethics that are not directly subordinate to the ruling class have a certain class nature because their employees' professional activities cannot get rid of the constraints and influences of social economy, political system and the ruling class's moral standards.

Contents and types The contents of professional ethics mainly include professional ethics norms and employees' professional ethics concepts, emotions and qualities. Professional ethics embodies the interests of society or classes and professional groups, and is the core of professional ethics. In professional practice, through professional ethics education and self-cultivation, employees realize the social significance of their jobs, master the contents of professional ethics, establish their determination to devote themselves to their jobs, and gradually form a sense of professional responsibility, pride, professional conscience, professional ideals and professional ethics, thus establishing good professional ethics in certain professional groups. Professional ethics is an important aspect of social fashion and an important content of social spiritual civilization.

The professional ethics of socialist society is an important level in the socialist moral system, and there are many types. All walks of life have their own professional ethics, such as medical ethics, professional ethics and business ethics. And the principle of productive ethics is embodied in these specific professional ethics.

The basic principle of socialist medical ethics is to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, and to implement revolutionary humanitarianism. It requires medical staff to treat patients with different social status, political factions and religious beliefs equally; We should serve the patients wholeheartedly and treat them like relatives; We should establish the spirit of devoting ourselves to the medical cause, and so on.

Teachers' Morality The basic principle of socialist teachers' morality is loyalty to the people's education. It requires teachers to love and respect students, and have the spirit of tirelessly teaching and educating people and being a ladder; Be strict with yourself, set an example, respect each other, and unite and cooperate with teachers, principals and teaching assistants to play a collective role; Pay attention to ideological cultivation, language cultivation and quality cultivation, constantly enhance the self-control to control their emotions, learn to enlighten students' minds with thorough truth, accurate knowledge and touching and vivid language, and strive to cultivate the virtues of selflessness, kindness, fairness, honesty and modesty and the spirit of diligent pursuit of knowledge and truth.

Business Ethics Socialist business ethics is closely related to business reputation and social spiritual civilization. Serving customers wholeheartedly is the basic principle of socialist business ethics. Fair trade, honesty and trustworthiness, respect for customers and excellent service are the main norms of socialist business ethics. Business ethics also requires salespeople to pay attention to language cultivation, behave gracefully, speak kindly, be proactive, enthusiastic, patient and thoughtful when receiving customers, and establish a sense of professional responsibility and honor.

What are the contents of professional ethics? Love your job, be honest and trustworthy, handle affairs fairly, serve the masses and contribute to society.