Travel in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province

There are many better hotels in Chaoyang, the most upscale one is Yandu International Hotel. This is good. There are also some smaller ones, which are more scattered and farther from the city center than near. The cost of accommodation should be around 200 to 400. The security environment is fine.

Across from Yandu International is a street with relatively concentrated commercial streets. Of course, there are also some large shopping malls located on this main street!

Tourist attractions include the world-famous fossil exhibition hall, the North and South Pagodas where the Buddhist bone relics were discovered, Fenghuang Mountain, Huaishudong Scenic Area, and Pishangou Scenic Area.

If you want to eat all the snacks, you have to travel to several counties. Lingyuan’s tofu curd is served with Diaolu pancakes sandwiched with fried cakes, and Kazuo’s mutton soup is served with pancakes and fried dough sticks. Beipiao pastries and so on.

Haha, you can be a free tour guide!

The following is a formula!

History and Culture

The history and culture of Chaoyang has important influence and unique advantages in Liaoning Province and even at home and abroad. Over the years, with the progress of archaeological work and the excavation and sorting of historical and cultural heritage, people have gradually realized the important value of Chaoyang's history and culture.

One of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization

Chaoyang’s long history can be traced back to the Paleolithic Age more than 100,000 years ago. The Pigeon Cave ancient human site discovered on the banks of the Daling River in Shuiquan Township, Kazuo County is the earliest ancient human settlement discovered in northern China. The unearthed human tooth fossils and animal fossils, stone tools and ash layers indicate that ancient humans at that time were already engaged in hunting, gathering and cooking food with fire, and lived a primitive group life. The fossils of ancient human upper arm bones and humerus discovered in today's Jianping County indicate that 40,000 to 50,000 years ago, a primitive "new man" with similar physical characteristics to modern humans appeared on the land of Chaoyang - Jianping Man. According to the 1979 discoveries of the Kazuo Dongshanzui Altar, the Niuheliang Goddess Temple at the junction of Jianping and Lingyuan counties, and the Hongshan Cultural Site of Jishizhong, the primitive humans living on the land of Chaoyang have gone through a long process of development. , has entered the threshold of human civilized society, and a primitive civilized society with the prototype of a country has emerged. Judging from the large number of exquisite painted pottery and jades headed by the Jade Pig Dragon unearthed from the Jishi Tomb Group, the society at that time had already developed a division of labor between agriculture and handicrafts, and production technology, craftsmanship, and aesthetic awareness had all reached a fairly civilized level. The discovery of the large-scale altars, temples and tomb sites of the Hongshan Culture in Chaoyang has conclusively proved that the Chinese nation has entered an ancient civilized society more than 5,000 years ago, thus making the Chaoyang area one of the birthplaces of the 5,000-year civilization of the Chinese nation. The history of civilization has been pushed forward by more than 1,000 years.

The oldest historical city in Northeast China

The development and status of the historical city of Chaoyang mark its unique historical advantages in politics, economy and culture. Liucheng, located on the southeastern outskirts of Chaoyang City, has a long history. During the Warring States Period, Yan established five counties in the fortress, and Liucheng belonged to Liaoxi County. By the Han Dynasty, Liucheng had become the seat of the western governor of Liaoxi County, and was later occupied by Wuhuan, the three counties, as the ruling center. Cao Cao once commanded Liucheng in his northern expedition to Wuhuan, which shows that Liucheng had become an important town in the Northeast during the Qin and Han Dynasties. In 342 AD, the former King of Yan built the capital "Longcheng" "to the north of Liucheng and west of Longshan". During the 88th year of the founding of the Former Yan, Later Yan and Beiyan during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Longcheng was the capital of the three Yans for 52 years. Long. A prosperous capital city, Longcheng has also become the political, economic, military, cultural center and historical city of Northeast China.

Strategic places outside the Great Wall in past dynasties

Chaoyang was called the land in Western Liaoning outside the Great Wall in ancient times. Due to its geographical location, it was located at the ancient transportation thoroughfare from the Central Plains to the Northeast. In terms of historical and ethnic activities, it was between the Han people in the Central Plains and the Northeastern people. It is a link area for the mutual exchange and integration development of ethnic minorities. Therefore, all dynasties in the Central Plains have set up important border towns here. When all ethnic groups in the Northeast entered the Central Plains, they also regarded it as a must-win area, making Chaoyang a strategic location outside the Great Wall in the past dynasties.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chaoyang was Yingzhou, known as "the hub of exchanges between the central government of the Sui and Tang Dynasties and the various ethnic groups in the Northeast." It was also the frontier for the Central Plains Dynasty to continue to unify all ethnic groups in the Northeast and implement the feudal system.

According to the needs of the war, the Yingzhou ancient road from the Central Plains to western Liaoning was also opened. From Yingzhou to Liaodong, North Korea, and Japan, the economy and culture of Yingzhou produced an alternate prosperity situation. Yingzhou in western Liaoning has also become one of the frontier fortress themes often described in the literature of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

During the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, the Khitan, Jurchen and Mongolian peoples prospered one after another in northern China. The Chaoyang area in western Liaoning also became a strategic location for fierce competition between these northern peoples and the two Song dynasties in the Central Plains. .

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Chaoyang was still an important construction site. During the Qing Dynasty, Chaoyang was the main stop for the Qing emperor's eastward patrol. It was also a place where the Qing government borrowed land to support the people and station troops. After the Opium War broke out in 1840, the Qing government mobilized Mongolian cavalry from Chaoyang to garrison at coastal ports. Although with the Qing Dynasty's unification of the country and the relative stability of administrative divisions, Chaoyang's role as a strategic location outside the Great Wall also shifted accordingly, but the fact that it has become the political, economic, military, and cultural center of western Liaoning and even the northeast many times in history has made it Its important strategic position will remain in history forever.

Historically, Chaoyang was a place where many ethnic groups lived together and blended. Historically, Chaoyang was a link between all ethnic groups in the Central Plains and all ethnic groups in the Northeast. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Chaoyang was a prosperous period when multiple ethnic groups lived together. During this period, the ethnic groups that lived in Chaoyang included the Khitan, Turk, Shiwei, and Xi ethnic groups. Due to the multiple large-scale eastward expeditions to Goguryeo during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, a large number of Han people from the Central Plains poured in and settled.

During the Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the prosperity and development of the three major ethnic groups in the north - Khitan, Jurchen and Mongolian - all regarded western Liaoning as an important base. Therefore, Chaoyang, located in western Liaoning, was also in the midst of a multi-ethnic alternation and integration at that time. A period of political, economic, military and cultural prosperity and development. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Mongolian princes established fiefdoms in Chaoyang, so a large number of Mongolians lived there. During this period, Han people from the Central Plains also immigrated in large numbers to reclaim wasteland, and gradually became the majority. After the Qing Dynasty, as there were no major turbulent migration events in ethnic distribution, the ethnic distribution situation tended to be stable, thus forming the basis for the distribution of ethnic groups in Chaoyang in modern times.

Rich cultural relics

The cultural relics and historic sites in Chaoyang have not only become symbols of local long history due to their long origin, wide distribution, many types and great value, but also become the representative of the Chinese nation. It provides an extremely important basis for the study of its origin and civilization.

Human settlement sites are widely distributed in Chaoyang. Remains have been discovered in various periods, with more than 4,000 sites in total. The earliest ancient human settlement site is the Middle Paleolithic ancient human settlement site in Pigeon Cave, Kazuo County. It is an ancient human cultural site consistent with the culture of the Zhoukoudian people in Beijing

With the rise of towns that represent the progress of political, economic, and cultural development, ancient architecture has developed rapidly, and temples and ancient pagodas are spread across urban and rural areas. The earliest temples to the sun can be traced back to the Kazuo Dongshanzui Altar and the Niuheliang Goddess Temple during the Hongshan Culture period 5,000 years ago. This kind of sacrificial building was used by the ancients to worship their ancestors and the heaven and earth. There are 22 ancient pagoda sites in Chaoyang, most of which were built in the Liao Dynasty. The famous remaining ancient pagodas include the South Tower and North Tower in Chaoyang City, the Moyun Pagoda in the Zhongsi Temple on Fenghuang Mountain in the east of the city, and the Lizhou Pagoda in Kazuo County. The ancient pagoda has beautiful shape and exquisite craftsmanship, and can be regarded as a treasure of ancient architecture. There are 142 ancient temple sites in Chaoyang, including 22 from the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties, 118 from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and 2 from modern times. Famous temples and temples include Youshun Temple, Huining Temple, Wanxiang Temple, Tiancheng Temple, Yuqing Palace, etc. Two ancient stone bridges were also discovered in Chaoyang, among which the Lingyuan Tianshenghao Jin Dynasty stone arch bridge has a history of more than 800 years. Four smelting sites were discovered, the earliest one dating from the Spring and Autumn Period. Twenty kiln sites were discovered, mostly ceramic brick and tile kilns from the Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties. 410 ancient tombs were discovered, with remains from various periods.

Tens of thousands of cultural relics have been unearthed in Chaoyang City, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the total in the province, and there are especially many cultural relics and treasures. Ceramic cultural relics were first seen in the Hongshan Cultural relics of the Neolithic Age. Shang and Zhou bronzes are the most famous gold cultural relics. Stone and jade cultural relics are extremely widespread. Calligraphy and painting cultural relics can be found in mural tombs of the Jin Dynasty, Liao Dynasty and Yuan Dynasty. Discover. All these rich cultural relics and historic sites contained in Chaoyang, known as the "mysterious land", as huge historical wealth, will increasingly show more far-reaching significance.

Glorious revolutionary tradition

In the social changes of the past dynasties, the people of Chaoyang have promoted historical development with their arduous spirit. Especially in the revolutionary struggles of modern times, the people of Chaoyang have heroically The fighting spirit and heroic deeds of heroic deeds have formed a glorious revolutionary tradition.

In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, the people of Chaoyang, living in dire straits, could not bear the humiliation, were not afraid of violence, and fought bravely against the feudal dynasty, the government and foreign invaders. In the more than 70 years from 1836 to 1911, more than a dozen large-scale popular armed uprisings broke out in the Chaoyang area. In 1861, Li Fengkui of Chaoyang County led some gold diggers and bankrupt farmers to revolt and invade the county, defeating Lingyuan and Chifeng, shocking the Qing court. In 1900, in order to resist the invasion and oppression of foreign missionaries, Deng Laifeng of Huazigou, Chaoyang County organized the Lianzhuanghui and established the "Anti-Foreign Society" popular armed force, which fought bloody battles against foreign invaders and the corrupt Qing government troops. In the end, he died heroically.

In the early years of the Republic of China, warlords fought in chaos and exploited the people with excessive taxes and miscellaneous taxes. From 1915 to 1917, large-scale armed anti-donation struggles led by Hou Wenguang of Jianping, Zhao Zifu of Chaoyang, Gao Zhenying of Beipiao and others took place in Chaoyang area. In 1922, the armed resistance struggle led by Zhang Mingjiu of Lingyuan County lasted for eight years.

After the May 4th Movement in 1919, the Chaoyang people’s revolutionary struggle entered a new stage. Especially after the establishment of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China in 1925, the Communists led by Chen Jinghu, the early party leader in Rechasui, actively carried out revolutionary activities, which led to the rapid development of the workers' movement and the peasant movement in Chaoyang. . After the "September 18th" Incident in 1931, the Japanese invaders occupied Northeast China. The people of Chaoyang were not afraid of violence and joined the people's war to resist Japan and save the country. In the process of occupying Rehe, the Japanese invaders first suffered a heavy blow from the anti-Japanese volunteers in western Liaoning. During the arduous years of the Anti-Japanese War, the anti-Japanese armed forces such as Beipiao's Lan Tianlin Department, Chaoyang's Liu Zhendong Department, Kazuo's Li Tiande Department and Guo Wen Company Headquarters, and Jianping's Gao Ti cadres were like sharp knives piercing the heart of the enemy. The people of Shimingxingou in Chaoyang County were repeatedly looted and bravely defended their homeland until the victory of the Anti-Japanese War.

During the War of Liberation, Chaoyang once again became a battlefield for the two sides. The party, government, military and civilians fighting in the Chaoyang area fought bloody battles with the Kuomintang troops and landlord armed forces, creating immortal heroic achievements for the liberation of Chaoyang and the liberation of all China. In the course of China's modern and modern history, many heroic figures have emerged in the Chaoyang area. Chen Jinghu, born in Jianping, was an early member of the Communist Party who participated in the revolution when Li Dazhao organized the Marxist Research Society. He served as secretary of the Inner Mongolia Special Committee and other positions. He was called a revolutionary pioneer because he dedicated his life to resisting Japan and saving the country. Martyr Zhao Shangzhi, who was born in Chaoyang County, was an outstanding general of the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces. He killed the enemy wisely and bravely, making the enemy frightened. He was famous everywhere and was known as the "Lion of the North". Martyr Liu Guiwu was born in Chaoyang County. During the Xi'an Incident, he made the first contribution to the fight against Japan and national salvation by "catching Chiang Kai-shek". He later died heroically on the anti-Japanese battlefield and became a hero admired by the people across the country. In addition, revolutionary martyrs such as Meng Guangzhong who was born in Chaoyang County, Zhang Yaohua who was born in Jianping, Ma Ruifu who was born in Lingyuan, Maude and Du Gende who were born in Kazuo, and Zhang Zhentang who was born in Beipiao all contributed to the Anti-Japanese War and liberation They sacrificed themselves heroically in the war and created the unyielding backbone of the Chinese nation.

Profound cultural and artistic accumulation

Chaoyang’s culture and art have strong folk, national, folk and local characteristics, with various forms and a long history.

The ancient traditional clay sculpture, stone carving and wood carving arts have been spreading in Chaoyang and have new developments. Skilled folk art craftsmen have demonstrated ancient skills in the restoration of Youshun Temple, Huining Temple, Tiancheng Temple and other projects, and their sculptures are more exquisite than in the past. Folk sculptures and clay sculptures not only inherit folk traditions, but also add new scientific techniques.

Embroidery is an important form of cultural exchange between the North and the South. Chaoyang folk embroidery, according to archaeological excavations, has formed a unique style in the Tang, Liao and Jin Dynasties. Chaoyang folk embroidery is mainly based on daily necessities such as clothing, pillowcases, tablecloths, door curtains, shoes and socks, and its content is divided into categories such as flowers, grass, fish, and insects. The techniques are meticulous, the colors are bright, and it is elegant and dignified.

Chaoyang folk paper-cut art originated in the Song Dynasty. Folk paper-cutting has a wide range of contents, mainly with themes chosen by folk paper-cutting artists. Traditional themes are the most distinctive. There are also excellent works of historical legends, myths and opera paper-cutting. Chaoyang's paper-cut art blends the simple and honest charm of "Ji" and "Lu", and brings together the bright and delicate sentiments of Jiangnan, dyeing the landscape of Chaoyang, forming a unique style.

The performing arts in Chaoyang continue to develop. Peking Opera was introduced to Chaoyang area in the late Qing Dynasty; Errenzhuan art was also introduced to Chaoyang area in the late Qing Dynasty and became one of the main forms of folk art in Chaoyang area; Chaoyang Pingju opera art emerged in the 1920s; drama art was introduced to Chaoyang in the 1940s area. Chaoyang's traditional opera has a wide influence. By the 1960s, Chaoyang's drama gradually formed its own artistic style and was known as the Shanli Red School in western Liaoning. In the practice of drama creation, a group of Shanli Red School writers grew up. In terms of opera innovation, it follows the development laws of opera art, highlights the artistic characteristics of the Red School in the mountains of western Liaoning, and forms its own artistic style from drama to performance. Shadow puppetry originated from Jizhong and has a long history among the people in Chaoyang, forming a high-pitched, soft, fun and lively style. Today's shadow puppets have enlarged the screen, improved the lighting, and used various modern methods to perform mythological stories extremely wonderfully. Chaoyang has a rich folk literature heritage. In the multi-ethnic Chaoyang, folk myths and legends are like brilliant pearls that people can’t excavate and pick up. This land steeped in ancient civilization has also nurtured several outstanding figures in the literary world. The Mongolian writer Yin Zhannaxi, who was born in Beipiao lower house in 1837, has written great literary and historical works such as "The Romance of the Great Yuan Dynasty", "One Floor", "Weeping Red Pavilion" and so on. He is known as "the Mongolian writer". Cao Xueqin". Norbu Sanchoedan, a Mongolian customist and thinker who was born in Wanyuandian, Lingyuan, wrote "Mongolian Customs" in the early years of the Republic of China, which is known as the Mongolian encyclopedia and left a valuable legacy for future generations. . Zhang Jin, a painter who was born in Jianchang in 1847, created a large number of excellent Chinese paintings throughout his life. His artistic attainments are profound and widely circulated. These three famous writers are called the "Three Heroes" of Chaoyang literary circles. In the modern literary world, writers from Chaoyang, represented by Malaqinfu and Hu Jingfang, also occupy a place.