What are the names of Gao Shi, Cen Can, Wang Changling and Wang Zhihuan?

These four men are collectively called frontier poets.

The frontier poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are lofty in artistic conception and solemn in style, just like a magnificent horn.

The frontier poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty had broad vision, magnificent romantic temperament and indomitable heroism. They sang the strongest voice of the times and fully embodied the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. They are wonderful flowers in ancient poetry, and they are the unattainable peak of later poets.

Among these frontier poets, Wu Changling is the best poet who writes seven-character quatrains. Jueju began to mature in the early Tang Dynasty, but its expressive ability has not been fully explored. There are not many excellent works. Wang Changling, with his successful creative practice, developed the generalization ability of quatrains to the extreme. He is the poet with the highest achievement in writing quatrains with Li Bai, and some even say that he has surpassed Li Bai. He is famous and has poems. His group poem "Join the Army" is almost all excellent, revealing the psychological activities of frontline soldiers from all angles. For example, the fourth song:

There is a dark snow-capped mountain in Qinghai, with long white clouds and a lonely city looking at Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, but the loulan is not returned.

The phrase "Qinghai has a long cloud and dark snow-capped mountains" makes the atmosphere of war very full and hearty: "A hundred battles in yellow sand and golden armor" not only reveals the hardships of the environment, but also shows the heroic spirit of the soldiers who went into battle lightly and made Qiang Bing rich.

There is always a sense of parting in the new voice of pipa dance. Dazzled and unable to hear all the sadness, the autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.

The bonfire is in the west of the city 100 feet, and you sit alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk. Even Guan Shanyue, who plays Qiangdi, doesn't have to worry about Mrs. Kim, Wan Li.

The reason why Wan Li misses his wife is so helpless is only because every time he misses her, it may be the last time, because once he goes to war, he may never return to this "hundred-foot building west of the bonfire". This is the real lovesickness with bloodshot eyes! "Although full of heroism, the poet also saw the pain brought by the war to ordinary soldiers, and did not blindly immerse himself in the fantasy of meritorious service.

His "Chusai" is a masterpiece of ancient and modern figurines, and is known as the masterpiece of quatrains in the Tang Dynasty.

During the Qin Dynasty, the moon was in the Han Pass, and the Long March did not return. Longcheng flew in, and Huma did not teach Yinshan.

To say that "the bright moon of Qin dynasty was destroyed in Han dynasty" is actually just a bright moon shining on the border. However, pushing the sad mood of the bright moon shining on the border to the Qin and Han Dynasties, this sentence changed from writing the real scene in front of us to a virtual scene full of historical depth, which made the connotation of this poem extremely profound. In other words, since the Qin and Han Dynasties, generations of people have been carrying out such a long March, and many people have died on the border forever. I lament that there will be no flying dragon like Li Guang to stop Huma, so don't cross the Yinshan Mountain. I regret that I have no place to serve my country and make contributions, and I deeply sympathize with the pain of border guards who have been fighting outside for a long time and can't return home. Poets don't know and can't know how to avoid the recurrence of this historical tragedy. He can only fantasize that Li Guang, a flying general, used war to stop the war, but at the same time, he deeply realized that "the old battles fought by those long walls were once proud of everyone's tongues, but now the ancient times are a piece of yellow dust, confusing its ruins and bones in the grass" (Xia Sai Qu) is also "confusing its ruins and bones in the grass", which is also a tragedy. This poem is particularly catchy to read, and every sound is properly matched with the front and back sounds. We can know from the harmony of the tone once we read it.

There are both husbands on the border and disgruntled women on the mainland. His in my heart forever is about his wife missing her husband who joined the army;

Young women in boudoir have no worries. In spring, they put on makeup and went to the green building. Suddenly, they saw the strange willow color and regretted teaching their husbands to find titles.

His farewell poem "Lotus Inn and Xin Jian Parting" is also an original masterpiece;

Wu Yu is cold at night, and Chushan is Fujian. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, there is ice in the jade pot.

Wang Zhihuan, a good friend of Wang Changling, called himself a hero when he was young. He likes fencing and hunting, and sings elegies. His poems are very famous and he is an important poet in frontier fortress. Unfortunately, his poems have been lost, and only six quatrains have been handed down. According to records, once he and Wang Changling, Gao Shi and others went to the hotel to sing wine, and a group of artists just came, so they agreed to sing again later. Wait and see! Sure enough, a beautiful geisha got up and sang:

The Yellow River is getting farther and farther away, because it flows in the middle of the Yellow River, and Yumenguan is located on a lonely mountain. Why should a strong brother complain about willow? The spring breeze does not pass through Yumen Pass.

Geisha sang two songs in succession, both of which were poems by Wang Zhihuan. From this literary story, we can see how famous his poems were at that time. This poem "Liangzhou Ci" is a famous piece in Tang poetry. The Yellow River is rolling out from the white clouds, and an isolated city in Wan Ren is surrounded by high mountains, presenting a desolate and magnificent frontier scenery. The third sentence, "Why should the Qiangdi complain about the willow", can refer to the tune "Broken Willow" played by the Qiangdi to express homesickness, or it can refer to that the Qiangdi screams and swallows, as if complaining that the willow beyond the Great Wall refuses to relax and grow green to cover the green and the cold. The whole poem not only shows the hardships of recruiting people, but also has a heroic momentum. The Yellow River is far away from the white clouds, and an isolated city is covered with mountains. Why use the elegy of willow to complain about the delay of spring, old Yumenguan, a spring breeze is not blowing!

The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.

Even a three-year-old child can recite this song "Dengque Building". The poet boarded the Pianque Building in Yongji County, Shanxi Province, and looked at the bleak sunset in the west and the Yellow River rolling eastward. His vision extended to the east and west, and his vision was infinitely open. The last two sentences go from reality to emptiness, and further broaden our horizons again. Four words and twenty crosses, the words are not strange, the sentences are not strange, the scenery is not strange, and the feelings are not strange, but they show such a majestic momentum. This is a miracle! The sun sets slowly near the western hills, and the Yellow River flows into the East China Sea. By going up one flight of stairs, look further.

Another contemporary poet, William Wang, also wrote a widely circulated Liangzhou Ci.

Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?

Grapes and wine are poured into the luminous glass, and the military band is playing the pipa immediately. How can a soldier who is about to leave for the front not drink! The lyric hero's heart is somewhat helpless, but he can't suppress that heroism and his mood is still optimistic. Only people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can write such poems, and only people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty can feel the pain of dying with such a smile. Wine luminous glass, want to drink pipa, hurry up immediately. Don't laugh when you are drunk on the battlefield. How many people fought in ancient times?

Li Qi, another important frontier poet, is also good at writing seven-character ancient poems. He doesn't care about fame and fortune, but he really wants to be a fairy, take cinnabar and hope that the sky will soar. Wang Wei said in the poem "To Li Jie", "It's good to smell the red of vermilion, and I don't know when to have wings". Li Jie's most famous poem is an ancient battle song:

During the day, the beacon tower climbing the mountain observes and gives an alarm, and at night, the horse leads the horse to the riverside. Pedestrians are used to fighting, and the wind and sand are dark. We hear the guitar of the Chinese princess telling her endless sorrow. Wild cloud Wan Li has no walls, until the sky falls into the vast desert snow. Wild geese wailed and flew around every night, and Tatar's children burst into tears, but they heard that Yumenguan was still besieged. Soon, they put all their eggs in one basket and went to the desert every year, only to see the Han family!

It is commendable that Li Qi not only sympathized, but also heard that Yuguan was still besieged, a Han soldier was in our light chariot, and soon we gambled on our lives, and we also saw "many tears with Tatar's children" and the pain brought to ethnic minorities by the war. "How many tears do Tartars have to shed" is set off by "mournful cries, wild geese fly from night to night", and the two images of Hu Yan's pleading and Hu Er's tears are superimposed together. What a harsh aesthetic stimulus! Li Ding's ideological realm is beyond the reach of other frontier poets with distinct anti-war tendencies. Just for this sentence, Chinese sons and daughters should also build a huge bronze statue in their hearts to commemorate him.

The most representative poets in Frontier fortress are Gao Shi and Cen Can, and later generations are collectively called Gao Cen.

Gao Shi's personality is somewhat similar to Li Bai's, and he is very arrogant. In "Don't Wei Join the Army", he said that he "solved the sword of 20 books, went west to Chang 'an, looked up at the monarch's door, and bowed his head to take office. "The prosperous Tang Dynasty was an era of madness, so Li Bai was not the only one. He is not as talented as Li Baida, but he has practical political talent. Throughout the Tang Dynasty, among the great poets, Gao Shi had the best political ability and the biggest lawsuit.

"The northeast border of China was shrouded in smoke and dust. In order to repel the barbaric invaders, our generals left their families. Stride forward together, looking like heroes should watch, and received the emperor's most cordial favor. Robbed the gold, cut the drum to Guan Yu, and the flag swayed among the stones. A captain's feathers fly into the sea, and sweat shines in the fire of the wolf mountain. The mountains and rivers were extremely depressed, but soon the barbarian horses dashed in the wind and rain. Half of us were killed at the front, but the other half are still alive, and the beautiful girls are still singing and dancing for them at the camp. In autumn, the desert is full of grass, the sun sets, and there are only a few surviving watchmen by the lonely wall. When you meet your enemy, you will despise him. However, despite what they have done, Elm Street is still not safe. Still in the front line, the real armor is worn out and thin, and jade chopsticks should be added after the crow. Still in this southern city, the young wife's heart is broken, while the soldiers on the northern border are looking forward to going home in vain. In a place of death and blue void, there is nothing ahead. What is the boundary of the court? Three times a day, the dark clouds of slaughter rose over the camp. All night, the drums on the hour trembled and gave a cold rumble. When death becomes a responsibility, who will stop to think about fame, and when we talk about the hard war in the desert, today we will mention Li, a great general who lived a long time ago! The poem "Song of the Swallow" is an old poem that has been applied by everyone since the three-car period. Although Gao Shi still wrote "The soldiers in northern Xinjiang are heartbroken", it broke through the limitations of this traditional theme, from the mentality of soldiers when they went to war, the urgency and cruelty of war, to the unjust Gan Le in the army, the yearning for peace and so on, all of which were organized together. This poem is like a March accompanied by percussion instruments. It has a strong and steady rhythm and great momentum, which is refreshing.

Gao Shi is good at writing seven-character ancient poems, which are magnificent, turbulent and infectious. His seven poems are by no means many, but some of them can be seen from childhood, with rich connotations and lofty realm.

Huang Yun, thousands of miles away, is full of smog, and the north wind blows goose feathers and heavy snow one after another. Mochow has a vast road ahead, and everyone knows you!

At first, the poet tried his best to render the environment desolate when we broke up: the yellow clouds were thousands of miles away, the sky was dark, the north wind blew snow, and the geese returned to the south. Breaking up with friends in this climate naturally makes me feel heavier. But the third sentence and the fourth sentence suddenly shook and painted a bright color on this dark sky to make the atmosphere relaxed. This just shows the broad-minded tolerance of the people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. "Mochow has a vast road ahead, and no one in the world knows the monarch" is more heroic and confident than Wang Bo's "Know yourself and know yourself".

Cen Can is the most typical frontier poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. In 1950s, he went to frontier fortress twice and stayed in Xinjiang for six years. We should grasp the characteristics of his frontier poems from two aspects. First, he is a curious person, as Du Fu said, "All Cen Can brothers are curious" (trip to Meiling). In his early years, he liked to discover poetry from an unexpected angle. With the experience of frontier life, his curious nature has also opened up a new world.

Secondly, there is an indomitable heroism in Cen Can poets, which is unmatched by other frontier poets. He praised others for "taking only a moment's work, what a hero husband". This is how he himself galloped on the northwest battlefield as a young hero in military uniform. He was only in his early thirties when he went to the fortress, which was the age of high spirits. Wang Changling, Gao Shi and other poets of the older generation have begun to realize the cruelty and injustice of the war with the gradual shrinkage of the flourishing age of Kaiyuan and the increasing corruption of state affairs, but Cen Can is still shouting and galloping in the war to show his heroism. This state of mind and ideological realm makes his poems have obvious differences with Gao Shi. Gao Shi observed more deeply and saw more hardships of soldiers, so the color of the poem was lighter. Cen Can highlighted the exotic scenery of snow, volcano and hot sea in the northwest with beautiful style, praised the war to defend the frontier, praised the soldiers' indomitable ambition to serve the country, and had a touching sense of palace.

Look, how fast the Benma River runs to Xue Hai! The endless yellow sky. On the night of the ninth month, there was a cold wind blowing in the wheel tower and the valley, and the valley was full of broken boulders like pecking rice, which went down and forward with the wind. Despite the grass ash and horse fat, Shanxi, the general of China army, start your campaign! . Wear your armor all night, and in the middle of the night, the army marches and withdraws, and the sharp wind tip cuts its face like a knife. Snow steaming horse riding, Wu Hualian Qian Xuan Zuo Bing, your challenge comes from the camp, from the ink bottle ice. It has cooled the heart of the barbarian leader, and you will no longer need a real battle! We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! .

The poem "Oh, general of China's army, start your campaign!" March in the bad climate "This September night is blowing cold on the wheel tower, and the valley is full of broken boulders like pecking measures, things that fall down, fall upside down and follow the wind". Light from the rendering of this atmosphere can make people feel that this is an invincible iron army, so the poet confidently concludes that "the heart of the barbarian chief has been frozen" should be "we are waiting for the news of victory here in Xiguan!" . This indomitable fighting spirit is hard to find in the poems of other frontier poets.

Seeing Wu off to Beijing Pass is another important work of the poet. This poem is novel from the beginning. According to the laws of nature, this climate should make people feel "gloomy and Wan Li condensed". However, as a curious young man in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it suddenly occurred to Cen Can that the pressure on the branches was not snow, but pear flowers in full bloom. "Like the spring wind, it blew the petals of ten thousand pear trees at night." These two poems, which are often quoted so far, were put here for a while, which made the dark sky suddenly clear and the air suddenly warm, thus laying the heroic and optimistic tone of the whole poem. "But we drink to the guests who come home from the camp and play the pipa, guitar and harp of barbarians for him" shows an exotic atmosphere. The poet is sharp-eyed and pays special attention to the high red flag above Yuanmen. The color contrast is so strong. The red flag should fly in the wind, but it will still be hung only when the wind stops. This special situation makes the poet imagine again: it seems that it is not the wind that forces the flag to unfold motionless, but the flag is frozen and the strong wind cannot blow. Because of watching the scene with curious eyes and describing the scene with strange style, the very ordinary farewell scene is described so beautifully and boldly that people can never get tired of watching it:

The north wind rolled the ground, and eight In the snow streaked across the sky of Tatar, just like the strong wind in spring, which blew at night and opened the petals of ten thousand pear trees. Snowflakes fell into the curtains and wet them. The fur was not warm and the gold cup was too thin. The bow became stiff and could hardly be pulled out, and all the iron clothes were cold. Sand sea ice is unfathomable, sad and turbulent, bleak and Wan Li congeals. In the manager's account, this wine is a farewell party, and the Huqin Pipa flute ensemble adds luster to this entertainment. In the evening, in front of the headquarters gate, heavy snow fell, the red flag froze, and the wind could not drag. We watched him go out of the tower gate, head east, into the snowdrift of Tianding Road, and at the corner of the pass, he disappeared, leaving only footprints.

We should also mention Cui Hao, who is also famous for writing ancient poems. Some people even say that he and Wang Wei were the most famous poets in the first half of the eighth century during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. This at least shows that he was a famous figure at that time. "Mountain county east yan, wild goose gate near DE gruyter. You see, a conference semifinals untied the rope on the falcon's foot, let it fly out to hunt birds, and rode the local Ma Chi to hunt in the vast autumn. The wildfire on the mountain is cold and burning, and the butte is wet in the rain. I heard that there was no war in western Liaoning, and I always slept in a restaurant drunk. " (The Song of the Hu People in Yanmen) This poem describes the heroic spirit of the frontier ethnic minorities, which is really vivid. However, his name is associated with the immortal poem Yellow Crane Tower. Why don't you just read this poem:

In the past, the yellow crane carried saints to heaven, but now only the yellow crane tower is left; The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years. Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass. But I looked home, and the twilight was getting thicker. The river is shrouded in mist, which brings people deep melancholy.