Qing Qing Yunnan and Guizhou Rhythm·Journey to Guiyang·Jiaxiu Tower·Jiaxiu on the first floor is full of spring scenery

Yunnan and Guizhou Rhythm of the Qing Dynasty·Journey to Guiyang·Jiaxiu Tower·Jiaxiu on the first floor is full of spring scenery

Jiaxiu Tower is located on the Aoji stone of Nanming River in the south of Guiyang City. It was built in the 25th year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (1597). When it was being built, a "Fen'ao-shaped" platform was first built in the middle of the river, named "Aotouji", and then a pavilion was built on the platform, named "Jiaxiu", which means "Kejia is tall and beautiful". The building was destroyed and rebuilt several times, but was renovated in 1981.

Jiaxiu Tower in Guiyang, Guizhou

Jiaxiu Tower is more than 20 meters high, with three floors, three eaves and four corners with spires. Twelve stone pillars on the ground floor support the eaves, surrounded by white hollow stone pillars and painted flying eaves, standing upright. Downstairs, the Fuyu Bridge lies across the river. There is Hanbiting Pavilion on the bridge and Hanbitan Pool under the bridge. Looking from a distance, the towers and green pools complement each other. Bao Jiaji of the Qing Dynasty praised this building in his "Diary of Yunnan Travels" and said: "Ascending the tower and looking north, you can clearly see the fireworks in Guiyang City. ... (The building) is close to the mountains and rivers, with clear ripples and verdant green, and the accumulation of green leaves, such as In the picture of Wangchuan, the couplet says: "I often lean on the curved railings to look at the water; I am afraid of being blocked by the surrounding walls." It also says: "The temple is outside the mountain in the misty rain; there are no six bridges of flowers and willows in the water in the picture." And surrounded by green mountains, Zhongfu has pearls, which are beyond the reach of Xizi."

In the Qing Dynasty, Liu Yushan, a native of Guiyang, once imitated the long couplet of Sun Xiuweng's Grand View Tower in Kunming and wrote the long couplet of Jiaxiu Tower: " Source of the ancient poem "The first floor is full of spring scenery":

Five hundred years of firmly occupying Aoji, supporting the sky alone, has allowed me to move up a level and broaden my horizons. It looks like it pillows Hengxiang in the east, Dianzhao in the west, Yueqiao in the south, Bakui in the north, and passes Guanhe River. Xixiong spans two streams and supports half of the rock border. It should be recognized that the horse is a fortress, swept by the clouds, created with difficulty, and decorated into a beautiful lake and mountain. The country is surrounded by clouds and is desolate, so don't compete with Shenzhou for victory;

Thousands of people are standing high in Niuzhu, at the edge of Yongzhen, asking who has the double pillars heavily engraved, holding back the wave. Think of the Qin Dynasty tong Bo Dao, the Han Dynasty to set up Zangke, the Tang Dynasty to establish Juzhou, and the Song Dynasty to seal Luodian. It was desolate and windy. I sigh that generations of celebrities have left many traces of their past. In this regard, the clouds are rising in the Xiangling Mountains, and the clouds are surging in the snail peaks. I slowly climb up and enjoy the misty scenery of the painting pavilion. I suddenly realized that Penglai was close at hand, and I planned to invite the immortal couple to talk about their whereabouts.

The first couplet mainly describes the scenery in all directions, while the second couplet traces the history of Guizhou, expresses emotions, and contains many words of praise. There are many poets' inscriptions embedded on the walls of Jiaxiu Tower. Among them, Liu Yuzao of the Qing Dynasty wrote: "There are only a few frost flowers in autumn, and everything in the pavilion is quiet after the rain. When I climb the tower to see far away, all the spring scenery in the city has been harvested." There are two couplets engraved on the pillars of Hanbiting Pavilion: " "Water comes out of the jasper ring; people walk in the green lotus petals", "silver stars float in the sky across the water; jade rainbow drags rain and wild geese across the autumn", the imagination is strange and the metaphor is apt. The first couplet was written by Wang Bing'ao, who was the prefect of Guiyang in the Qing Dynasty. The writing is in running script, which is elegant, ups and downs, and full of charm. Today, Jiaxiu Tower has become a symbol of Guiyang in people's minds.

As mentioned in Liu Yushan’s long couplet, there were two pairs of double pillars in front of the Nail Show Building, which were erected in the 10th year of Yongzheng (1732) and the second year of Jiaqing (1797). Iron pillar. These two pairs of iron pillars were built to suppress the resistance of the Miao people in Guzhou (today's Rongjiang County) when the Governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, Ortai, "returned to local rule" and the Governor of Yunnan, Lebao, suppressed the uprising of the Buyi King Nangxian. .

In the early Qing Dynasty, due to the turmoil in the late Ming Dynasty and other reasons, the power of the chieftains of various tribes in Guizhou expanded extremely, which became a major obstacle to the establishment of a feudal autocratic centralized state by the Qing Dynasty. In the fourth year of Yongzheng's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1726), Ertai, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, petitioned to "cut off the barbarian officials and inspect the land to increase taxes and appease the local area." The Qing Dynasty adopted his suggestion and decided to implement "reforming local chieftains to return officials" (changing the chieftain system to the official system of exile). Ertai further proposed that "capture is the top priority, and military suppression is the second priority; making someone surrender is the top priority, and forcing and offering sacrifice is the second priority." He persuaded some local chieftains, but also encountered strong resistance from some local chieftains. Ertai ordered Zhang Guangsi and others to lead an army to encircle and suppress the Miao chieftains until they reached Guzhou, the main stronghold of the Miao chieftains at that time. The Miao and Dong people in Guzhou relied on their strong fortifications and difficult terrain, as well as the "gunpowder and heavy armor gunpowder" captured from Wu Sangui's men, and prepared to resist stubbornly. The Qing army successfully attacked at night using dozens of wooden boats as pontoons. "Four thousand people of the Miao and Dong people were captured and killed," and the remaining people fled into caves deep in the mountains.

The Qing army did not abide by the principles of "taking advantage of the enemy", but blindly "cut down mountain passages, searched caves and houses", and killed innocent people indiscriminately. According to reports from the Qing army, more than 1,200 villages were burned, more than 17,000 people were killed, and more than 25,000 people were captured. The people of Guizhou paid a heavy price. After the resistance was suppressed, Ertai erected a pair of iron pillars in front of Jiaxiu Tower in order to commemorate his "contributions."

After the "return to local rule", the Manchu and Han bureaucratic landlords, together with the original chieftains, intensified the oppression and exploitation of ethnic minority people. People staged an uprising under the leadership of Wang Nangxian, a woman from the Buyi ethnic group in Nanlong Prefecture in southwest Guizhou. The prefect of Nanlong was so frightened that he "died after being touched." The momentum of the rebels shocked the Qing court, and Emperor Jiaqing sent Yunnan Governor Le Bao to suppress them. Le Bao returned to Guiyang, destroyed the captured rebel weapons and cast them into two iron pillars and erected them in front of Jiaxiu Tower to commemorate his "contribution". Chen Ju, a man from the Qing Dynasty, once wrote a poem when he came here and said: "Jiaxiu is looking for ancient relics in the cool night, and the blood is stained with fishy wind." The iron pillar has now been moved to the Provincial Museum.