Cultural relics in the Dalian Natural History Museum

There are nearly 200,000 specimens of various kinds, more than 6,000 precious specimens, and 264 first-class collections. The collection is characterized by marine biological specimens and fossil specimens of the "Rehe Biota", among which there are more than 20 types of marine animal specimens. The types and quantities are the largest among domestic natural history museums, including large cetaceans, dugongs, white-tip dolphins, giant pandas, and golden monkeys. , echidna, platypus, crested ibis, bird of paradise, hummingbird and the earliest insectivore Endotherium fossils, etc., are all precious specimens in the world. The black right whale is 17.1 meters long and weighs 66.7 tons. It is currently the largest black right whale specimen in Asia. The fin whale is 18.4 meters long and weighs 34.7 tons. It is the only fin whale specimen in China. The ancient lotus seeds were buried about 821 to 1251 years ago and can still germinate and bloom after being cultivated. The museum also preserves complete sets of insects from Taiwan Province and a large number of insect specimens from around the world, as well as rock and mineral specimens from Germany, Japan, North Korea, the Soviet Union and other countries. Among them, the orthoclase crystal family from the Korean Peninsula has large crystal clusters and beautiful crystal shapes, which are rare at home and abroad.

The basic display of the museum is divided into five parts: marine life, geology and minerals, the origin of life and the emergence of humans, animals and plants, with 4853 specimens on display. Among them, the display of marine life in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea highlights local characteristics. The display of large whale specimens ranks first in China and only a handful abroad. The museum also often holds various special exhibitions, such as: "Chinese Hairy People Picture Exhibition", "Eugenics, Preferential Education, Excellent Education", "French Natural History Exhibition", "World Insect Exhibition", "Antarctic Exhibition", " South China Sea Exhibition" etc.

The library has participated in the compilation of provincial, municipal and national fauna, flora and other books. The book "Chinese Hairy People" won the second prize for the National Outstanding Science and Technology Book in 1983; "Inspection on Snake Island" won the 1978 Provincial Major Scientific and Technological Achievement Award.

The library also often conducts academic exchanges with foreign countries. In September 1984, the Kitakyushu City Museum of Natural History in Japan was invited to exhibit "Insects of the World" there. In August 1986, the museum was invited to exhibit "Birds and Beasts of the Northeast" in Kitakyushu and Wuzuru City, Japan. Natural jadeite (Jadeite)

The main mineral of jadeite is jadeite, with a Mohs hardness of 6.5~7. It is dense and tough and is a precious jade raw material. The name Jade was originally the name of two birds in ancient China, namely Fei, a red-feathered bird; Cui, a green-feathered bird. Because the feathers of the jade bird are very beautiful, the ancients often used it to make jewelry and called it jade. Until the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, the term jade gradually referred to jade mainly composed of jadeite minerals.

Finished jadeite is divided into four categories in commerce and trade based on processing techniques: natural, improved, synthetic, and imitation.

Natural jadeite: a natural product without any artificial treatment, commonly known as A product.

Improving jadeite: After bleaching and filling treatment, jadeite can maintain its beautiful appearance for a short period of time. Such jadeite is commonly known as B goods; through dyeing, color dipping, curium color, coating and radiation color addition, the jadeite can be made more beautiful. Keeping the bright color for a short period of time, this kind of jade is commonly known as C goods.

Synthetic jadeite: refers to varieties that are very close to the chemical composition and mineral composition of natural jadeite formed in the laboratory through ingredients under a certain temperature and pressure environment.

Imitation jadeite: generally refers to some green or partially green other gemstones, single crystal minerals, artificial products and items similar in appearance to jadeite.

Zhuanghe Stone Aerolite

It fell in Zhuanghe, Dalian City in 1976. It is a chondrite meteorite.

Meteorites are meteoroids that fall from space to the earth. They can be divided into three categories: the first category is iron meteorites, whose main component is iron-nickel alloy, containing about 90% iron and having a large specific gravity. This type of meteorite accounts for 6% of the total; the second type is stony meteorite, which is more numerous, accounting for 92% of the total, and its composition is silicate, which accounts for 90%, followed by iron-nickel alloy; the third type is iron stone meteorite , iron, nickel and silicate account for half each. This type of meteorite is relatively small, accounting for only 2% of the total. In addition, our country also has glass meteorites called "Leigong Mo". They may not come directly from space, but are formed by large meteorites impacting the surface sandstone and cooling rapidly after melting. Meteorite specimens play an important role in inferring the chemical composition of the earth and exploring the evolution of celestial bodies.

Diamond

Diamond is known as the "hardest" and "king of gems" because it is super hard, wear-resistant, heat conductive, semiconductor and transparent. Due to its excellent physical properties such as infrared light, it is widely used in various industrial fields.

Diamonds that can be used to polish gemstones, called diamonds, are the most precious gemstones. Because of their extremely high dispersion, they were called "night pearls" in ancient times.

The diamond here is produced in the Wafangdian diamond mine in Dalian City and weighs 15.95 carats. The mine's proven reserves account for 54% of the country's total reserves, making it the largest diamond mine in Asia. The discovery of the Wafangzhuang diamond mine has made China's total diamond reserves rank 10th in the world. The full diamond produced by this mine is world-famous for its high quality and high gem-quality content. Its products enjoy a high reputation in the international diamond market. Diuridia montelii

Diuridia montelii is more primitive in evolution than other fossils of the family Diuridae. Mainly reflected in the following aspects: the hip sleeve of the hind wing is small, with only 6 to 7 wing chambers, and the diameter increasing vein (Rspl) is missing; the CuAa vein of the hind wing is curved, with 5 obvious posterior branches; the MP vein of the forewing It is short and terminates at the posterior edge of the wing near the wing node; there is an obvious branch vein under the wing nevus; the base of the CuAa and MP domains of the hind wing is narrow, with only one row of wing chambers below the triangular chamber.

The discovery of Meng's Lithium provides new evidence that the age of the Jiufotang Formation belongs to the Early Cretaceous.

Psittacosaurus

This is a rare dinosaur fossil specimen in the world with the largest number of individuals discovered so far. It consists of 34 Psittacosaurus larvae and 1 It consists of two adult Psittacosaurus individuals. The average length of the larvae is about 23cm. The skulls are loosely healed and the bone seams are obvious, reflecting that they are a group of recently born cubs. Its discovery proves that dinosaurs had child-rearing behavior.

Mongolian Dalian Toad

This specimen is the type specimen and is extremely well preserved. It is the only frog fossil with complete skin impressions so far. Its identification characteristics are: the skull is large, wider than long, the maxilla has dense comb-like denticles, and the frontoparietal bones are healed. The chest is curved with shoulder girdle, the vertebral bodies are posteriorly concave, there are 9 anterior sacral vertebrae, and the first 3 trunk vertebrae have short ribs. The transverse processes of the sacral vertebrae are wide and fan-shaped. The caudal rod bone is longer than the total length of the presacral vertebrae. The forelimbs are thick and short, and the hind limbs are slender. The tibia and fibula are as long as the femur, and the length of the tarsus is less than half that of the tibia and fibula. Tridacna cookiana

Tridacna cookiana is the "giant" and "longevity star" among shellfish. The largest clam's shell can reach 1.8 meters long and weigh more than 200 kilograms. The lifespan can reach about a hundred years. There are several deep grooves on the outside of its shell, which are like the ruts of wheels on a muddy road, hence the name Tridacna. There are relatively few types of clams, including 6 species: Tridacna spp. The fishermen on the island of Ceylon often use its shell as a bathtub.

Protection level: China: Level I.

Tubipora musica

The Tubipora musica is named after its many red tubular skeletons that are densely connected and resemble a musical instrument. Produced in tropical oceans, it is distributed in Taiwan, Hainan Island, Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands in my country.

Nautilus pompilius

Nautilus is a cephalopod mollusk with a shell. It is named after its shell surface with reddish-brown wavy stripes, which looks like a beautiful parrot. Its shell rotates dorsally and ventrally, and the shell is divided into many small chambers by partitions. The small chambers are connected by hollow tubes. The outermost chamber near the shell mouth is where it lives, which is called the "living chamber". The remaining chambers are filled with air. Called the "air chamber". Nautilus can make its body sink and float in the ocean by adjusting the air content in the air chamber.

Because of its heavy shell, Nautilus usually lives on the bottom of the deep sea. It crawls on the bottom of the sea with its tentacles. Sometimes it also uses a funnel to spray water to swim in the sea. Especially on calm nights after a storm, it likes to float in groups. On the surface of the sea, but soon back to the bottom of the sea, so live nautiluses are rarely seen.

Nautilus is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. It is distributed in Taiwan and Hainan Island in my country. The number is small. It is a Class I protected wild animal in my country.

Protection level: China: Level I.

Golden-spotted Papilio butterfly

The body length is 29mm and the wingspan is 91mm. Rare butterflies are unique to China and are distributed in Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and other places. The body and wings of the male butterfly are emerald green, with interlaced black and yellow-green veins on the forewings. There are two large golden spots in the center of the hind wings. The tail process is slender and the end is yellow.

Due to its rarity, the International Committee for the Conservation of Endangered Species (IUCN) classifies it as Class K (a species of unknown danger) or Class R (a very low number of individuals), and China lists it as a Category I protected animal.

Qinbu Jia

The body length is 76mm and the width is 35mm. Distributed in tropical virgin forests of Southeast Asia. It is named after the shape of its head and body wings, which resemble a violin. Its dorsoventrally is flat to adapt to the narrow space under the bark. Manta birostris (Walbaum)

Local name: shrimp (fish friend)?, devil fish

English name: Devilfish Japanese name: オニイトマキエイ

< p>Classification: Order Molliformes, family Mantaidae, genus Manta rays

Characteristics: The body is rhombus-shaped, the width is more than twice as long as the length, and the tail is as slender as a whip. Eyes round. The blowhole is small, triangular, located behind the eye, far away from the eye. The nostrils are located just on both sides of the front of the mouth, and the water outlet opens at the corner of the mouth. The mouth is wide and forward, with the middle part of the lower jaw protruding in front of the muzzle. The teeth are small and numerous, with only one tooth belt on the lower jaw and no teeth on the upper jaw. The gill openings are large. 1 dorsal fin; caudal spine short and wide; caudal fin disappeared.

Habitat: warm water pelagic fish. Feeds on swimming crustaceans or schools of small fish.

Distribution: Oceanic fish, also found in the northern part of the Yellow Sea in Dalian City.

Value: Edible.

Histiophorus orientalis Temminck et Schlegel

Local names: sailfish, sailfish, flat-fin swordfish

English name: Sailfish Japanese name: バショゥカジキ

Classification: Perciformes, Sailfish family, Sailfish genus

Characteristics: There is a distance between the second dorsal fin and the first dorsal fin, and the spine in front of the first dorsal fin is about 1/2 the length of the middle fin spine. There are many light spots on the sides of the body. The first dorsal fin is particularly tall and sail-like. The pelvic fin is longer, with only one fin spine, which can be folded into the abdominal concavity and almost reaches the anal fin. Except for the exposed snout, the rest are covered with needle-like round scales, mostly buried under the skin. The caudal peduncle is thinner, with 2 short, low raised ridges on each side. The snout extends forward, long and pointed, like a sword. The pectoral fins are low. The head and back of the body are blue.

Ecology: It is a large and ferocious fish in the upper and middle layers of tropical and subtropical oceans.

Distribution: Oceanic fish, also found along the coast of Dalian City.

Value: Edible, rare.

Masturus lanceolatus (Lienard)

English name: sharp tailed sunfish Japanese name: ヤリマンボウ

Classification: Sunfish, Sunfish family, The genus Speartail Sunfish

Characteristics: The body is short and oval, with flat and tall sides, and the body length is about 1.5 times the body height. The skin is rough and there are no bone plates inside. Mouth small, anterior position. The dorsal fin is similar to the anal fin, tall, narrow, and knife-shaped, located at the rear of the body. Pectoral fins short and rounded. The dorsal fin and anal fin rays extend backward and are connected at the rear end of the body to form a rudder fin, with the central fin ray extending into a spear-like protrusion. Juvenile fish have knob-like sharp spines on their bodies, and the odd fin shape is similar to that of ordinary fish. As it grows older, the spinous processes gradually disappear, and the dorsal and anal fins also become longer and longer.

Ecology: It is a drifting fish widely distributed in tropical oceans. On sunny days and the sea is calm, it often exposes its dorsal fin to feed on plankton. When encountering wind and waves, it will lie down flat. The body is relatively large, with a body length of up to 2.5~3m.

Distribution: In various tropical sea areas around the world, it is found in the South my country Sea and East China Sea, but is rare.

Value: Not much. This specimen was collected by our library in March 2004, with a total length of 1.12 meters. It is currently the largest specimen of this species.

Japanese single-fin electric ray Narke japonica (Temminck et Schlegel)

English name: Electric ray Japanese name: シビレエヒ

Classification: Electric ray, single fin Single-fin electric ray from the family Electricidae

Characteristics: small and protruding eyes; raised edge of the blowhole; wide front nasal valve, extending to the lower lip; soft skin. One dorsal fin. There is a large generator between the head and pectoral fins. Body disc subrounded. The outer angle of the pelvic fin is not prominent and the trailing edge is straight. Tail side pleats. The back is auburn with a few irregular dark spots. There are 5 gill openings, narrow and arranged in a straight line. The teeth are small and numerous.

Habitat: offshore benthic fish.

Distribution: Along the coast of our city, but rarely seen.

Value: Edible.

These two species are common in the Yellow and Bohai Seas.

Sebastes sp. of Dalian The body length of No. 20021101 is 141mm, ♂ and the body length of No. 20021101 is 204 mm, ♀. Collected from the northern Yellow Sea. Belongs to the family Scorpidae. Dorsal fin 48,12～14/20～24. The sides of the body are dark brown and covered with orange spots, almost one in the middle of each scale, and the yellow spots on the odd fins are larger. The head and back are dark brown, the abdomen and chest and abdomen are light grayish brown, and the edge of the dorsal fin is dark brown; after being soaked in formalin, the yellow spots gradually fade to milky white. It is easy to be confused with the Kaiping Scorpionfish. The difference is that the body color of A is obviously different. The Kaiping Scorpionfish has an obvious black spot on the gill cover behind the eyes and a small brown spot on the pelvic fin. B. The number of unbranched fins on the dorsal fin and pectoral fin are different and the Dalian flatfish is thick and thick. C. The lateral line scales of Dalian flat scorpionfish are 46~48 and that of Kaiping scorpionfish are 29~30. D. The distance between the eyes of Dalian flat scorpionfish is approximately equal to the eye diameter, while that of Kaiping scorpionfish is half of the eye diameter. For new species. Species name: Yunnan Caecilian

Scientific name: Ichthyophis bannanica Yang

English name: Yunnan Caecilian

Family name: Ichthyophis bannanica Yang

Domestic distribution: Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi

It was discovered late in my country, the habitat is severely damaged, and there are no protective measures.

Species name: Giant Salamander

Scientific name: Andrias davidianus (Blanchard)

English name: Chinese Giant Salamander

Family name: Cryptobranchial Cryptobranchidae

Domestic distribution: North China, Central China, South China, Southwest

The giant salamander, also known as the "salam fish", is the largest existing amphibian in the world.

Species name: Ailaonica Toad

Scientific name: Vibrissaphora ailaonica Yang, Chen and Ma

English name: Yunnan Mustache Toad

Family name: Pelobatidae

Domestic distribution: Yunnan

It is endemic to my country and is only found in Ailao Mountain and Wuliang Mountain in Jingdong, Yunnan, and Xishuangbanna. Turtles

The turtles that live in the sea are relatively large, with streamlined bodies and paddle-shaped limbs. They are highly adapted to marine life. Although they are widely distributed, they are rare in number. They are all extremely precious protected animals. . During the egg-laying season, the female turtle climbs ashore at night and lays dozens to hundreds of eggs in the sand pit. 7-10 weeks later at night, the baby turtles hatch almost simultaneously and crawl toward the sea by instinct. The leatherback turtle is the world's largest turtle, weighing up to 1,000 kilograms. It is covered with leathery skin and has seven longitudinal ribs on its back.

Python molurus bivittatus

The largest python is the anaconda found in South America, which can reach 11 meters long. The pythons produced in China are generally only 5-7 meters long. When pythons hunt, they use their thick bodies to wrap their prey to death and then swallow it whole. There are traces of hind limb claws on the python's abdomen, indicating that it evolved from a lizard-like animal. Pythons are national first-level protected animals.

Alligator sinensis

The alligator, known as the "living fossil" that swims in the Yangtze River Basin, is a rare wild animal unique to China. It has experienced vicissitudes of life and survived 200 million people. The Spring and Autumn Period is a national first-level protected wild animal. Fortunately, artificial breeding of alligators has been successful, making the survival and reproduction of this rare species possible. Coptis teeta

Coptis teeta is produced in northwestern Yunnan and southeastern Tibet. Its rhizomes contain coptisine, berberine and other alkaloids. It is a top-grade medicinal plant of the Coptis family and is now wild. The resources are extremely rare and difficult to collect. It has been listed as a national second-level protected plant.

Amentotaxus yunnanensis

Amentotaxus yunnanensis is scattered in southeastern Yunnan and southwestern Guizhou. Due to excessive deforestation, the number has been significantly reduced and there is a danger of extinction. It is listed as a national first-level protected plant.

Acer yangjuechi

Acer yangjuechi is only distributed in a narrow range of Tianmu Mountain in the west of Zhejiang Province. The number is very small and its growth has declined. The plant has a high seed infertility rate and weak natural renewal ability. It is in danger of extinction and is listed as a national second-level protected plant.

Craigia yunnanensis

The wood of Craigia yunnanensis can be used to make furniture and musical instruments, the roots and leaves are used as medicine, the bark can be made into paper, and the seeds can be pressed for oil. It is produced in southern Yunnan, In southern Guizhou and southwestern Guangxi, it grows in mountain forests at an altitude of 1,400 to 1,700 meters. Due to its small distribution area and frequent human destruction, it is currently in an endangered state and is listed as a national second-level protected plant.

Hopea mollissima

Hopea mollissima is an important component of my country's tropical rainforests and is also an excellent special building material. Its wood is very durable. Its distribution area is limited to mountainous areas below 800 meters above sea level in Pingbian, Lvchun, Hekou, Jinping, Jiangcheng and other counties in southern Yunnan. Due to forest destruction and habitat deterioration, it is currently on the verge of extinction and is listed as a national first-level protected plant. Black Crane

Black stork: often inhabits open forests, lakes, streams, and swamps. It mainly feeds on small fish, but also small reptiles and invertebrates. Almost all over the country.

Red-crowned crane

Red-crowned crane: inhabits lakes, grasslands, seaside tidal flats, reeds, swamps and other shallow areas near water. Prey on fish and shrimp in the water. It breeds in the Heilongjiang River Basin in summer and overwinters in the southeastern coastal provinces in winter.

Snowy Owl

Snowy Owl: inhabits tundra zones, tundra forests, plains and wilderness. Feeds on rodents and also preys on birds. Domestically found in Heilongjiang, Liaoning and western Xinjiang.

Bird of Paradise

Bird of Paradise: Also known as "Bird of Paradise", it is mainly produced in Australia and inhabits tropical dense forests. It mainly eats insects and berries, etc.: also known as "Bird of Paradise" ”, mainly produced in Australia, inhabiting tropical dense forests, eating mainly insects and berries.

Mammals

Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus (Lilljeborg)

Protection level: China: Ⅱ; CITES: Appendix I.

The gray whale belongs to the genus Gray Whale of the family Gray Whale, with a short, spindle-shaped body and a short head. There are needle holes on the epidermis of the head that look like being pricked by needles. Body color is dark gray.

This specimen was stranded and died on the coast of Dalian Zhuang River in December 1996. It is a female with a body length of 11.95 meters.

Black right whale Eubalaena glacialis (Müller,1776)

Protection level: China: II; CITES: Appendix I; IUCN: Endangered (EN).

The black right whale belongs to the genus Right Whale in the family Right Whale. It has a short and thick body, no dorsal fin, a large head, and is covered with keratin tumors. The body is dark brown, the ventral surface is lighter in color, with cloud-like or striped patches, and the flippers and tail fin are black. Black right whales are slow-moving and like to live in the upper layer of the water, with their entire back exposed to the water, hence the name right whale.

This specimen was captured in the northern Yellow Sea in 1977. It is a female, with a total length of 17.10 meters and a weight of about 66.7 tons. It is the largest among the cetacean specimens preserved in my country.

Finfin whale Balaenoptera physalus (Linnaeus,1758)

Protection level: China: II; CITES: Appendix I; IUCN: Endangered (EN).

Finfin whales belong to the genus Balensis of the family Baleenidae, with a slightly slender body and a spindle shape. The dorsal fin is sickle-shaped and its trailing edge is concave. There are 54-78 fold grooves on the ventral surface of the body, extending longitudinally from the front of the mandible to behind the umbilicus. The left side of the body is darker than the right side. They usually swim in groups and can swim at speeds exceeding 30 kilometers per hour.

This specimen was captured in the northern Yellow Sea in 1959. It is a female with a body length of 18.40 meters and a weight of about 34.7 tons.

Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Protection level: China: Ⅱ; CITES: Appendix I

Sperm whales belong to the genus Spermaceti, family Spermaceti, and are toothed whales. The Big Mac in. The head is particularly huge, and the breathing hole is located on the left side of the front of the head. The body color is mostly blue-black or dark brown.

Sperm whales are very capable of diving, with a maximum recorded depth of 2,200 meters. You can stay in the water for 55 minutes during a big dive.

This specimen was stranded and died on the coast of Qianyang Town, Donggang City in February 1993. It is 17.5 meters long and weighs more than 50 tons.

Elk

Elk is a specialty animal in China. It belongs to the order Artiodactyla, Cervidae, and genus Elk. It is native to Liaoning, North China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in China. The head is like a horse, the horns are like a deer, the hooves are like an ox, and the tail is like a donkey. The body color is brownish gray in winter and reddish brown in summer; there is a dark brown vertical stripe from the neck to the front of the body. Males have horns.