The meaning of green building

The "green" in "green building" does not refer to three-dimensional greening or roof gardens in the general sense, but represents a concept or symbol that refers to a building that is harmless to the environment and can make full use of environmental natural resources. , and a building built without destroying the basic ecological balance of the environment, can also be called sustainable development architecture, ecological architecture, return to nature architecture, energy-saving and environmentally friendly architecture, etc. The green building evaluation system has six categories of indicators, which are divided into three stars, two stars and one star from high to low.

The interior layout of green buildings is very reasonable, minimizing the use of synthetic materials, making full use of sunlight, saving energy, and creating a feeling close to nature for residents. Aiming at the coordinated development of people, buildings and the natural environment, while using natural conditions and artificial means to create a good and healthy living environment, we should control and reduce the use and damage of the natural environment as much as possible, fully embodying the respect for nature. The balance between taking and giving. The reason why green buildings emphasize the indoor environment is because the mainstream thinking in the air-conditioning industry is to strive for a balanced relationship between the internal and external environments, and the internal environment, that is, for health, comfort and the productivity of building users, shows different needs. .

1.1 Thermal Problem

First of all, thermal comfort obviously affects work efficiency. The traditional air conditioning system can maintain the indoor temperature. However, studies in recent years have shown that achieving absolute comfort indoors can easily cause "air conditioning disease" problems, consume a lot of energy, and increase the damage of Freon to the ozone layer. Green buildings require that in addition to ensuring In addition to the overall thermal balance of the human body, we should pay attention to the special temperature requirements of individual parts of the body, such as the head and feet, and be good at using natural energy. In addition, the large glass-surface buildings that are often used can produce greenhouse effects in the summer, and in winter. The low-temperature radiation effect of cold glass surfaces. Therefore, in addition to the design conditions of air conditioning in winter and summer, it is necessary to analyze the impact of local climate and internal building load changes on the comfort of the indoor environment. It is best to analyze the effects of monthly and hourly changes on air conditioning load and comfort. Impact.

1.2 Daylighting and Voice Problem

Similarly, indoor light environment directly affects work efficiency and indoor atmosphere. Pollution, good light color sunlight is part of the green light environment, but a comfortable and healthy light environment should also include easy to see, safe and beautiful brightness distribution, glare control and uniform illumination control, etc., so it should be based on different times and locations. Adjust strong light so as not to affect the quality of sunlight. In addition, a healthy and comfortable acoustic environment is beneficial to human physical and mental health. In this way, noise-generating equipment is usually placed separately during design. Stay away from the room in use and control outdoor noise levels.

1.3 Air Quality

The quality of air quality reflects the degree to which people's environmental requirements are generally affected. Quality factors include air movement (AIR MOVEMENT), air cleanliness, etc. If the air movement is not enough, people will feel uncomfortable, and if the air movement is too fast, it will affect the temperature and cleanliness. Therefore, the appropriate fresh air volume should be adjusted according to different environments. , controlling the cleanliness and flow rate of the air makes the air quality reach a better state. At the same time, the effective control of indoor air pollutants is also one of the main ways to improve the indoor environment. There are thousands of pollutants that affect indoor air quality. Architecture believes that not only should the concentration of pollutants in the air be below the recognized harmful concentration indicators, but also that the vast majority of people indoors should be satisfied with the indoor air quality indicators. In the 1960s, American architect Paul Soleri. Proposed a new concept of ecological architecture.

In 1969, American architect Ian McHarg wrote the book "Design with Nature", marking the official birth of ecological architecture.

In the 1970s, the oil crisis led to the emergence of various building energy-saving technologies such as solar energy, geothermal energy, and wind energy, and energy-saving buildings became the leader in building development.

In 1980, the World Conservation Organization first proposed the slogan of "sustainable development". At the same time, the energy-saving building system was gradually improved and widely used in developed countries such as Germany, Britain, France, and Canada.

In 1987, the United Nations Environment Program published the report "Our Common Future", establishing the idea of ??sustainable development.

The world's first green building standard was released in the UK in 1990

The 1992 "United Nations Conference on Environment and Development" promoted the idea of ??sustainable development, and green buildings gradually became the direction of development;

The United States established the Green Building Council in 1993;

Hong Kong launched its own standards in 1996;

Taiwan launched its own standards in 1999;

In 2000, Canada launched green building standards. Since the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Chinese government has promulgated a number of relevant outlines, guidelines and regulations to vigorously promote the development of green buildings.

The launch of the Ministry of Construction’s “National Green Building Innovation Award” in September 2004 marked that China’s green building development has entered a comprehensive development stage.

The first International Intelligent and Green Building Technology Symposium and Technology and Product Exhibition (annual) held in March 2005 announced the winning projects and units of the "National Green Building Innovation Award". In the same year, the " Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Construction on Promoting the Development of Energy-Saving and Land-Saving Buildings.

In 2006, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development officially promulgated the "Green Building Evaluation Standards."

In March 2006, the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Ministry of Construction signed a cooperation agreement on the "Green Building Technology Action" to lay the foundation for the development of green building technology and the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements.

In August 2007, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development issued the "Technical Rules for Green Building Evaluation (Trial)" and the "Measures for the Management of Green Building Evaluation Labels" to gradually improve the green building evaluation system suitable for China's national conditions. .

In 2008, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development organized and promoted a series of measures such as green building evaluation labels and the construction of green building demonstration projects.

In March 2008, the Energy Saving and Green Building Professional Committee of the China Urban Science Research Society was established to carry out work externally in the name of the China Green Building Committee.

On August 27, 2009, the Chinese government issued the "Resolution on Actively Addressing Climate Change", proposing to develop a green economy and a low-carbon economy based on national conditions.

At the end of November 2009, before actively welcoming the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference, the Chinese government made a decision that by 2020, carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will drop by 40 to 45% compared with 2005. As a binding Indicators should be incorporated into medium- and long-term plans for national economic and social development, and corresponding domestic statistics, monitoring, and assessments should be formulated.

In 2009, the Environmental Measurement and Control Optimization Research Center of the China Academy of Building Sciences was established to assist local governments and owners in applying for green building labels

In 2009 and 2010, the "Green Industry" was launched respectively Compilation of "Building Evaluation Standards" and "Green Office Building Evaluation Standards".

In 2011, the number of green building evaluation and labeling projects in China increased significantly, and the level of green building technology continued to improve, showing a healthy development trend. By the end of 2011, China had 353 green building label projects, 2,647 buildings, and 34.88 million square meters, including 330 design label projects with a construction area of ??32.72 million square meters; 23 operational label projects with a construction area of ??216 Thousands of square meters. Among them, in 2011, there were 241 projects with green building marks nationwide, involving 1,950 buildings and a construction area of ??25.04 million square meters.

With the continuous introduction of China’s green building policies, the continuous improvement of the standard system, the continuous deepening of green building implementation, and the continuous increase of the country’s financial support for green buildings, China’s green buildings will be in the next few years. Continue to maintain rapid development momentum.

In May 2012, the Ministry of Finance issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of Green Buildings in China"

On January 6, 2013, the State Council issued the "Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Forwarding The Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development on the Green Building Action Plan proposes to complete 1 billion square meters of new green buildings during the 12th Five-Year Plan period; by the end of 2015, 20% of new urban buildings will meet the requirements of green building standards. At the same time, green building plans and policy support during the 12th Five-Year Plan period were also clarified.

China's green buildings have entered an era of large-scale development. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it is planned to complete 1 billion square meters of new green buildings; by the end of 2015, 20 new urban buildings will meet the requirements of green building standards.

Qiu Baoxing, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, said that in the past five years, China's green buildings have doubled every year. The number and area of ??green building projects in 2012 were equivalent to the total from 2008 to 2011.

Qiu Baoxing said: "Urbanization will shift to new urbanization, which means that human housing, as the most basic cell of urbanization, must update its form and shift from traditional buildings to green buildings. In the future, it must be New concepts of ecological civilization such as conservation, intelligence, greenness, and low carbon are integrated into the process of urbanization.”

Qiu Baoxing said that although China’s green buildings are developing rapidly, they also face some problems, such as the high cost of green building. Technical implementation is unsatisfactory, green property management is out of touch, and a few commonly used green building technologies are not operational due to flaws. To solve these problems, it is necessary to achieve the "five in place" of expert review institutions, government supervision, open and transparent social supervision, subsidy and punishment mechanisms, and green property operation and maintenance services, and strictly control the quality of green buildings.

Energy-saving buildings coordinate the new development of low-carbon cities

In order to cope with the challenges of global climate change, resource and energy shortages, and ecological environment degradation, humans are following the concept of carbon cycle and taking low carbon as the Orientation, develop circular economy, build low-carbon ecological cities, and promote low-carbon green buildings.

Qingdao: Promoting green buildings can save 70,000 tons of standard coal every year

Qingdao Development Zone aims to build a green ecological city, increase building energy conservation management, and reduce building energy consumption , effectively promote the region to move towards a green and low-carbon urban area. According to statistics, Qingdao Development Zone has completed a total of 150 energy-saving building projects, implemented 9 energy-saving renovation projects of existing residential buildings, and started construction of 34 renewable energy building application projects. After the project is completed, it will save 70,000 tons of standard coal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 175,000 tons every year.

China's future one-star buildings are expected to become mandatory green buildings

On November 22, 2012, at the 2012 Third China Residential New Trends Summit Forum held in Beijing, China Li Congxiao, director of the Green Building Research Center of the Urban Science Society, pointed out that the development of green buildings in China is a general trend, and one-star buildings are expected to become mandatory green buildings in the future.

Qiu Baoxing, Vice Minister of Housing and Construction, explains green building

Green building is a broad concept, and green does not mean high price or high cost. For example, cave dwellings in Yan'an are warm in winter and cool in summer. It is not expensive to transform them into Chinese-style green buildings; It is highly cost-effective and has a very local roof. It is a typical rural green building. Its construction cost is only 800 yuan/square meter, which can be said to be cheap and high-quality.

Hunan: 30% of new houses in 2020 will be green buildings

On December 13, 2012, the 2012 Provincial and Local Energy-saving and Environmentally Friendly Housing National Comfortable Living Demonstration and Housing Industry was held in Hunan Province It was revealed at the Technology Innovation Conference that by the end of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 20 new buildings in China's cities and towns will be required to meet green building standards.

In three years, 40% of new houses in Xiamen will be environmentally friendly green buildings

By 2015, 40% of new buildings in Xiamen are expected to be green buildings, and the solar building application area will reach 10 million Square meters and above.

The 2012 Fujian Province Briefing Meeting on National Supervision and Inspection of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction in the Construction Sector was held in Xiamen. The reporter learned that in the next few years, Xiamen will continue to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in the construction field, among which green buildings will be vigorously promoted.

Green buildings should have a gradual investment return period of 10 years

The Green Commercial Real Estate and Hotel Summit was held in Shanghai. Many industry experts discussed the construction of commercial real estate, especially the hotel field. Energy conservation and how to promote China's commercial buildings to improve energy efficiency and reduce operating costs. Zhang Yongming, executive deputy director of Tongji China-Europe Building Energy Conservation Training and Research Center, revealed at the summit that Shanghai has issued relevant regulations in 2012, stating that the proportion of energy-saving buildings in the total area of ??existing buildings should be no less than 65%.

Three-star green buildings will be awarded 80 yuan/square meter

The "Opinions on Accelerating the Promotion of Green Buildings in Shunde District" was released, and construction projects using all or part of fiscal funds were included The key implementation scope of green buildings, and those who meet the three-star green building standards in the future will receive a reward of 80 yuan/square meter.

Marching towards "green buildings" and returning to nature

The current development of China's real estate market is consistent with the direction of the world's green living environment construction, and is also moving towards its essential content, that is, " The direction of “green building” returns. The basic driving forces for the emergence of this trend are, first, the inevitable requirement to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of economy and ecology in the ecological era, and second, the increasing maturity of China's socialist real estate market.

China’s first intelligent ecological power plant will be put into operation soon

With the second million-kilowatt ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit of Huadian Laizhou Power Generation Co., Ltd. being put into operation, China’s first intelligent ecological power plant will be put into operation. The first phase of the power plant is fully operational, with annual power generation reaching 11 billion kilowatt-hours, effectively filling the power gap along China's eastern coast. At the same time, taking this as a sign, the installed power generation capacity of Huadian Group exceeded 100 million kilowatts.

The "upgraded version of the Zero Carbon Pavilion" appeared in Shanghai and can be transported to any place by truck

"After the Zero Carbon Pavilion 2.0 comes out, you can build it on the beach, or you can Live at the foot of the Himalayas and experience the scenery of the snow-covered plateau," said Chen Shuo, President of the Zero Carbon Center and Director of the British Zero Carbon Pavilion at the Shanghai World Expo, at the launch of the Zero Carbon Pavilion 2.0 held recently. The "upgraded version" of the World Expo Zero Carbon Pavilion integrates many low-carbon and smart technologies and can generate electricity and water supply by itself. Since it does not need to be connected to the power grid or water pipe network, it can be transported by container truck to any picturesque place and set up on site to become a resort hotel or private villa.

Anhui: Green buildings accounted for more than 20% of new civil buildings in 2015

Starting from January 1, 2013, the "Anhui Province Civil Building Energy Conservation Measures" officially began to be implemented. "Green buildings" will increasingly enter citizens' lives. According to the "Measures for Energy Conservation of Civil Buildings in Anhui Province", construction units should promptly inspect and accept sub-projects of civil building energy conservation; for those that do not meet the mandatory standards for energy conservation of civil buildings, the design and construction units should be instructed to make rectifications.

Haidian: New buildings are green and old buildings are transformed into green buildings

“All new buildings must be green buildings, and existing buildings that have not met the standards will also be transformed into green buildings.” A few days ago , the implementation plan for low-carbon ecological construction in northern Haidian was officially launched. Project leader Yu Dongwei revealed that the northern Haidian New Area will set entry barriers and all buildings in the area will meet green building standards. A "greenway" system will also be planned in the north to encourage people to travel green. It will be built into the largest low-carbon ecological zone in Beijing.

During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, new buildings in 20 cities and towns must meet green building standards

The "Green Building Action Plan" sets clear goals for new buildings and energy-saving renovation of existing buildings. Among them, new buildings in cities and towns strictly implement mandatory energy-saving standards. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, 1 billion square meters of new green buildings were completed; by the end of 2015, 20 new buildings in cities and towns will meet the requirements of green building standards.

Chongqing: The first green building demonstration project passed the acceptance of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development

The first batch of national green building demonstration projects-the Green Building Demonstration Building Project of the School of Logistics Engineering passed the acceptance of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development. The building adopts more than 20 green building technical measures such as natural ventilation, intelligent shading, wall self-insulation, solar power generation, soil source heat pump, gray water recycling, optical fiber lighting, building automation control, and waste recycling. Chongqing will be the first in the country to implement the one-star green building standard for newly built public buildings in the city in 2013. At the same time, it will introduce a method for calculating carbon emissions in the construction field and launch a pilot project for carbon emissions trading in the construction field. Public buildings account for about 20% of the new buildings in the main urban area of ??Chongqing. The National Development and Reform Commission requires that the proportion of green buildings in new urban buildings should reach 20% in 2015. The Chongqing Municipal Urban and Rural Development Commission proposed that newly built public buildings in the main urban areas be the first to implement the one-star green building standard, and encourage residential buildings and public buildings in other districts and counties to implement the one-star green building standard in advance; at the same time, 4 million square meters have been completed Energy-saving renovation of meters of public buildings. Chongqing will take the lead in implementing the one-star green building standard in the country

Hunan: Will implement and promote green building standards from the policy perspective

The 2013 Hunan Provincial Building Energy Saving and Technology Work Conference proposed that, Hunan Province will carry out green building actions to promote regional and large-scale development. Among them, starting from 2014, new public welfare public buildings invested by governments at all levels and affordable housing in Changsha City must all implement green building standards; by 2015, the three cities of Changsha, Zhuzhou and Tan, and qualified areas, The proportion of non-government-invested residential and public buildings that implement green building standards must exceed 20%. Starting from 2014, for projects that must strictly implement green building standards, green building-related content will be implemented when issuing construction project planning licenses and construction licenses.

Nanjing: All new government-invested buildings must implement green building standards

Starting from June 1, 2013, all new government-invested buildings, new affordable housing, and single buildings in the city Green buildings will be fully implemented in newly built large-scale public buildings with an area of ??more than 20,000 square meters, new civil buildings in eight new cities (areas) and four national-level development zones, as well as in building energy-saving and green building demonstration zones at or above the provincial level. standard.

Before the 2014 Youth Olympic Games, the city had to build a total of 10 million square meters of green buildings, and 30% of the new civil buildings in cities and towns met the green building standards: During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the city had 15 million new green buildings. square meters, and by the end of 2015, 40% of new urban civil buildings met the requirements of green building standards.

Shenzhen: Green buildings have become the new main force to build a green building capital

In 2013, Shenzhen is making every effort to build a green building capital, and various energy-saving and low-carbon green buildings have become the main construction force. From the roof greening of the mountain garden, to the solar power generation in the Garden Expo, to the low-rent housing project Long Yueju that integrates artificial wetlands, water recycling, solar energy and other low-carbon technologies, these all profoundly illustrate that Shenzhen has begun to move in a drastic way the path of the “green revolution”.

It is understood that there are 13 million square meters of buildings using green and environmentally friendly technologies in Shenzhen so far. Based on the annual increase of more than 10 million square meters, it is expected that Shenzhen’s green residential projects will exceed 40 million square meters in 2015 rice.

In terms of urban planning, as early as 2005, Shenzhen delineated the first ecological control line in China. In 2013, 974 square kilometers of land in Shenzhen were officially included in the basic ecological control line, accounting for approximately 50% of the city's total land area. The city has built 2,209.67 kilometers of greenways for the first time, achieving the city's goal of having 1 kilometer of greenways per square kilometer of land.

The person in charge of the Shenzhen Municipal Housing and Construction Bureau said that Shenzhen’s green building and building energy conservation work started early and has set many “firsts”: it was the first to explore the establishment of a building energy conservation and emission reduction system, and it was the first to comprehensively promote green buildings. In the construction of energy-saving buildings, we will take the lead in carrying out pilot demonstrations of green energy-saving buildings, and take the lead in cultivating and developing industries related to green and energy-saving buildings. “Shenzhen ranks first in the country in terms of scale of energy-saving buildings and green buildings.

Today, Shenzhen has become the only city in the country where the energy-saving compliance rate of new buildings reaches 100%. "The person in charge said.

Tongling: The first two-star green building project started construction

In July 2015, the first two-star green building project in Tongling City, Anhui Province - —Tongling No. 1 Middle School West Lake Campus project has officially started construction. This project is not only part of the 2015 urban and rural construction plan, but also one of Tongling City’s energy-saving and emission-reducing building green projects. The annual planned investment is approximately 260 million yuan as of July 14. , the first phase of earthworks and the pile foundation of teaching building A have been completed, and the excavation of the dormitory building foundation trench and the underground parking lot are underway.

It is reported that Tongling City, Anhui Province is the first two-star green building. The construction project has been successfully included in the 2015 Anhui Province Green Building Demonstration Project. In the next step, the Tongling Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee will strictly follow the regulations on comprehensively promoting green building actions in the construction of government-invested public welfare buildings and large-scale public buildings. Strictly carry out project quality supervision and safety inspections on this project to ensure project construction progress and quality.

Shaanxi: 126 projects obtained green building labels

In the first half of 2015, Shaanxi Province. ***Declared 51 green building evaluation label projects, with a total area of ??7.31 million square meters, and the number of declared projects increased by 183 compared with the same period last year. Among the 51 green building evaluation label projects applied for, including Xi'an Taihua Jinhui Times, the one-star project 45, 6 of which are two-star, are all design signs, including 39 in Xi'an City, 5 in Xixian New District, 3 in Xianyang City, 2 in Weinan City, and 36 in Yan'an City and Yulin City. The projects were reviewed by experts, and 25 projects were submitted to the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development for review.

Guizhou: Enterprises developing “green buildings” can enjoy tax reductions and other preferential treatment

On August 30, 2015. Guizhou Province recently announced the "Guizhou Province Civil Building Energy Conservation Regulations" and introduced a number of incentive measures to encourage companies to develop civil green buildings.

Companies that develop "green buildings" can receive tax reductions or reduced fees, including development. Research and development expenses for new technologies, new products, and new processes for energy-saving and green buildings in civil buildings can be additionally deducted when calculating taxable income. The amount of investment in equipment can be deducted from the amount of corporate income tax payable in accordance with the law; the income obtained from using resources that comply with national policies as the main raw materials to produce building energy-saving and green building products that are not restricted or prohibited by the state and comply with relevant national and industry standards , enjoy tax benefits when calculating taxable income

In addition, those who use ground source heat pump systems for heating and cooling and install certified measuring devices in water intake wells and recharge wells must obtain approval from the county level or above. The water administrative department of the People's Government has verified that water resources fees will be levied based on the difference between water withdrawal and return water. In 2016, Hebei Province will vigorously develop green buildings and comprehensively promote the construction of 75 energy-saving residential buildings.