Why is Lanzhou not a famous historical and cultural city? It is 0/400 km away from Beijing/KLOC-but there is Jinglan Mandarin.

Key words of this issue: Gansu, Northwest China, provincial capital, Yellow River, multiculturalism.

I have a soft spot for Lanzhou.

Going to Lanzhou at least three times a year is the kind of pure play, even eating the "hand-grabbed rice" of the old horse family; Even one evening, I stood at the top of Baita Mountain, quietly watching the Yellow River pass through Lanzhou, watching the sunset slowly fall over Wuquan Mountain, sprinkling golden afterglow and blending with the Yellow River; Even for a Lanzhou city.

I met Lanzhou for the first time.

1August, 996, which is the month when new employees of the unit report for duty. A college student who graduated from Lanzhou Jiaotong University is a native of Lanzhou. On the day he reported for duty, I was surprised that this young man with a height of 1.8 meters actually spoke standard Mandarin, which was my first impression of Lanzhou.

In September 2003, I officially entered Lanzhou City.

I attended the semi-annual professional meeting of lanzhou railway administration baotou-lanzhou railway Project, which was the first time I took advantage of my work to set foot in Lanzhou. Linear distance from Jinan to Lanzhou 1300KM. After more than two hours' flight, Shandong Airlines landed safely in Gansu and went straight to Zhongchuan Airport. What impressed me the most was that the airport was far away from downtown Lanzhou, which was called "far". Later, I saw someone sending a message on the Internet, saying that Lanzhou Zhongchuan Airport is the farthest from the airport and the urban area in China, which is a bit exaggerated. In fact, Zhongchuan Airport, which is farthest from the urban area, is not the first in China. Changdu Bangda Airport is 0/36 km away from Changdu Town/KLOC-and is the farthest civil airport from the central city in China.

My first impression of Lanzhou city is that a city is like a large-scale stage play, and its three-dimensional sense and picture sense are unique and infectious. The appearance of Lanzhou is that two mountains are sandwiched by a ditch, and the urban context in the east-west direction is very clear. Distance from Lanzhou West Railway Station to Lanzhou donggang town 17KM. There are bare mountains in the north and south of the city. Vegetation has improved in recent years, and green vegetation can be seen in the distant mountains. Chengzhonggou is the central area of Lanzhou City, and there is a Yellow River with a width of 200-400 meters flowing through Lanzhou City. After many cities in China, except

The city of Lanzhou has its own mysterious veil. It is not only the fortress road of the Silk Road, but also because it is far away, even out of reach, away from chariots and horses, away from freedom, and because it is the capital city of northwest China and the center of China hinterland, we are full of curiosity and yearning for Lanzhou.

Many times in the west of Lanzhou, one opinion summed up five outstanding impressions of Lanzhou:

First, the Yellow River culture, full of golden flowers, has penetrated the whole city.

Speaking of Lanzhou, it's the Yellow River. Lanzhou is the only city in China that embraces the Yellow River. This is quite remarkable for the urban construction of Lanzhou. In the context of the annual breach of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the Yellow River only flows through Lanzhou, which is so gentle. The cool culture in the west and the cool culture in the Hexi Corridor also inspired Lanzhou's later cultural touch and development. If the Yellow River culture is pure, it actually does not belong to Lanzhou City. Accurately speaking, Lanzhou will carry forward and inherit the Yellow River culture more purely and thoroughly.

Second, the coordinates are northwest, 0/400 km away from the capital/kloc-,and the city is full of Jinglan-flavored Mandarin.

Many friends were surprised when they came to Lanzhou. In this western city, in fact, many people speak Mandarin with Lanzhou flavor in Beijing, but Lanzhou and Beijing are 1400 kilometers apart. An ordinary person has narrowed the distance between people, reminding me of the profound meaning of an ode dedicated to Beijing.

What is the truth behind Putonghua? Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan dialect and Minnan dialect all have their own charm and characteristics, which are difficult for outsiders to understand. It seems that people there don't care that foreigners can't understand their hometown dialect, but Lanzhou is worried that their northwest dialect is very nasal and foreigners can't understand it. So it is full of Mandarin with Lanzhou flavor in Beijing, which also shows that Lanzhou people are very concerned about foreign cultures and popular things.

In essence, Lanzhou is an immigrant city, so the normal history of urban construction is not long, let alone a famous historical and cultural city. Especially in the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the time line from the founding of New China to the reform can be said to be a gathering of people from all over the country. Although there are dialects in Lanzhou, after all, the local population is limited, so it is naturally more convenient for everyone to communicate in Mandarin. In recent years, Lanzhou's population supplement mainly comes from all parts of Gansu, and the dialects in different parts of Gansu are also very different, so it is naturally easier to communicate in Mandarin.

Coupled with the promotion of Putonghua after 2000, some people deliberately did not teach their children to speak Lanzhou dialect, and some children felt that Lanzhou dialect was too old-fashioned and unwilling to take the initiative to learn it. Naturally, fewer and fewer people will speak Lanzhou dialect slowly. Personally, I don't agree that completely abandoning dialects is necessary to promote Putonghua. And Gansu's "Ganpu" accent is very strong. Finally, the new generation of young people not only can't speak their local accent, but even the standard pronunciation of Mandarin is in a mess. As for right and wrong, no longer entangled. I feel that cities without dialects will make people feel a little melancholy, such as Baiyin and Jiayuguan in Gansu, which are completely immigrant cities. It seems more intimate to bring some dialects.

Actually, it's not. For example, if you can't say that people in Northeast China sound like strange Mandarin, you can say that there are no dialects in Northeast China. This is a truth. When we stroll to the northwest of the motherland, we will find that the common people in Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang and Qinghai always have a similar accent, because this area belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family-Mandarin Chinese. But if you listen carefully, you will find that there are subtle differences in every place. Lanzhou belongs to "Lanyin Mandarin", which is what we call "Jinglan Dialect". Beijing stands for Putonghua, while Lanzhou stands for local pronunciation, and Lanzhou dialect in different districts is different. The urban area headed by Chengguan District of Lanzhou is officially classified as "Jincheng Film", and Jincheng is the ancient name of Lanzhou. Most young people can't understand the local old Lanzhou dialect spoken by the older generation (the butcher in the old movie Longmen Inn spoke pure Lanzhou dialect, but most young people in Lanzhou can't understand it either). Nowadays, young people can only speak Jinglan dialect, but there are differences in each region. For example, people in Lanzhou read the word "Gaolan" as high (three tones) and blue (four tones). People in Gaolan County will pronounce it Gao (Yi) Lan (Si), and there are many nouns: Sasha (Beauty), Buddha (Spoon), Moon (Key), Lying rope (Garbage), Pian Chan (Chat) and so on, and there are quite a few words that can't be spelled in Pinyin (you can find out any words in your hometown that can't be spelled in Pinyin). Except for the Han people who speak Lanyin Mandarin, there are only minority languages (belonging to the customs). You should be proud that your ancestors brought the Chinese language to all parts of the northwest, and there are footprints of your ancestors everywhere.

Third, it is difficult to take a taxi, and the underlying reasons are surprising.

Now that it is difficult to take a taxi in Lanzhou, almost everyone will agree: "It is really difficult." Standing on the street, all kinds of taxis gallop past you. But when you raise your hand to take a taxi, you find that there is no empty car passing by. It seems that it used to be difficult to take a taxi on weekends and during rush hours. There is no time limit now, and it is difficult to take a taxi almost at any time.

Lanzhou citizens said that it is difficult to take a taxi in every city at every time, especially in Lanzhou. Mr. Ren, who lives in Donggang, is going to take a group of friends from other places to visit Zhongshan Bridge. The time is set to meet at the railway bridge at 5 pm. Mr. Ren asked for leave 40 minutes in advance to take a taxi to the railway bridge. As a result, he walked for an hour and was half an hour late. The reason is that Dongcheng to Xicheng is just the subway construction stage, with narrow roads and many cars, and catching up with the rush hour. Let a group of friends from other places wait on the bridge for nearly 40 minutes.

Lanzhou citizens like to go out and take a taxi, which is not only chic, but also because it saves time. This is also related to the consumption concept of Lanzhou people. I remember a friend from Harbin joked about the Northeast. His family has a deposit of 654.38+10,000 yuan. He dares to buy a car of 200,000 yuan and is not afraid of loans. I wonder if Lanzhou people have such a consumption concept. They don't talk about money when they are rich, but they do have a lot of face (Beijing dialect).

Some traffic experts have analyzed the deep-seated reasons for the difficulty in taking a taxi in Lanzhou: three reasons lead to the difficulty in taking a taxi.

First, Lanzhou is a comprehensive and inclusive city, with many foreigners, and the continuous increase in passenger demand is one of the main reasons for the difficulty in taking a taxi.

According to relevant data, there are now more than 6,000 taxis in Lanzhou, and in recent years, with the continuous improvement of people's quality of life, the number of taxis is also increasing. In particular, this year's gasoline price increase, tail number restrictions and other reasons have reduced private car travel, and these people have diverted taxi traffic, so the number of people taking taxis has increased significantly.

Second, urban traffic congestion reduces the efficiency of taxi distribution and the speed of taxi operation.

As mentioned above, the taxi driver took the guests out because of the traffic jam, and he was also in a hurry. If a day shift driver operates 10 hour a day and the average traffic jam time is 8 minutes per hour, then 10 hour will be congested for 80 minutes, and the time for a day shift driver to transport guests will be reduced by 1 hour for 20 minutes, which is enough for a driver to run back and forth from West Station to Donggang without traffic jam. And if the traffic jam is serious again, the driver's delivery time will be reduced by more than that.

Third, the actual capacity of taxis is discounted.

Although the number of taxis in Lanzhou has soared to as many as 9,000, there was a time when Lanzhou restricted the number of taxis, so that only more than 4,000 taxis could operate in the main city. As we all know, taxis in Lanzhou now burn natural gas. The gas storage capacity of gas cylinders in taxis is mostly 15 liters, and it can travel about 120 kilometers once refueled. But now there are too many refueling trucks, and they have to queue up to refuel every day, which virtually reduces the operating time of taxis. It is very convenient to take a taxi in Lanzhou now, and the local citizens know it best.

Fourth, it is said that Lanzhou City does not have its own culture, and Lanzhou people laugh. Beef noodles, readers' magazines, and the Yellow River are not cultures? In fact, Lanzhou is an immigrant city, so its mobility is also very strong, which leads to Lanzhou not having its own core culture, but its culture is diverse.

Lanzhou is an immigrant city. In the early days of liberation, the population increased by more than 600,000 in just ten years. In addition to natural growth, immigrants from all over the world also played a decisive role.

In the history of Gansu, the earliest immigrants were Qin people who moved from the east to the Weishui River Basin in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. In order to drive away the Huns, the Qin Dynasty set up counties along the Yellow River, including Yuzhong County. Since then, immigrants have taken root in Long Yuan again and again.

In BC 12 1 year, Huo Qubing stationed troops in the west of Lanzhou, paving the way for the Han Empire to open up four counties in Hexi. This order of Lanzhou West is located in Xigu, Lanzhou today. The record in the history book is: "Jincheng, Henan (now Lanzhou) and Nanshan (Qilian Mountain) to Yanze (Lop Nur), without Xiongnu." This is the first time in the history of China that the name Jincheng appeared.

In BC 120, the Kanto was flooded, and the Han Dynasty ordered the relocation of more than 700,000 poor people in Kanto enrich Longxi, Beidi, Xihe and Shang Jun. According to the Records of Hanshu Foodstuffs, the Han Dynasty also ordered "opening farmland officials in Shang Jun, Shuofang, Xihe and other places to expel 600,000 soldiers to defend farmland." This is the first time that I immigrated to Lanzhou (Jincheng) after the historical records of the Han Dynasty.

In the spring of 6 1 BC, due to the fertile geological conditions in Zhangye area today, Qiang people constantly disturbed the territory. Emperor Gaozu Xuan Di decided to send troops to pacify the Qiang people, and veteran Zhao Chongguo undertook this important task. Until 60 BC, the Qiang army was wiped out by the Han army to less than 10 thousand people, and more than 30 thousand Qiang people surrendered to the Han Dynasty. Therefore, Emperor Xuan Di of the Han Dynasty set up a vassal state in Jincheng to resettle the surrendered Qiang people. Ban Gu's "Hanshu Volume 8 Xuandi Ji Ba" contains: "In summer and May, Xiqiang surrendered and beheaded its first evil tycoon and toast fee. Set Jincheng as the country and resettle Qiang soldiers. " This is one of the immigrants.

In the fifth year of Hongwu, the great migration of Ming Dynasty began, and some people were mobilized to migrate. Conscription after committing crimes; Some mobilized with the army. For Lanzhou, there is another kind of officials, guards, servants and so on. These people are all loyal to Wang Su, and the number is 50,000. At that time, the purpose of population migration in Ming Dynasty was to increase the local population density.

It is recorded in the literature that "in the early Ming Dynasty, Jiangnan people migrated to the northwest, nine times out of ten ..." In the first year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty, it is impossible to count how many people migrated from the south of the Yangtze River to the northwest. But there is no doubt that the road to migration is very difficult and long.

For thousands of years, countless immigrants have already integrated into Long Yuan. No matter where they come from, they have lost their breath at that time, replaced by the heroic breath nurtured by the mountains and rivers in the northwest. Whether it is a foreign population or not, even if it is only recorded in its own genealogy, what does it matter? As long as you are in this land of China, you are a family wherever you go.

Now Lanzhou, if you don't have a culture in Lanzhou, Lanzhou will definitely not agree, because they think there is a culture of the Yellow River, a food culture with beef noodles all over the country, and a well-known magazine Reader. Aren't these cultures? These are not traditional cultures, just bubbles floating on the surface of the Yellow River, which may disappear one day, but the water in the Yellow River is real.

A city floating on the Yellow River is as vivid as population movement. Does the Yellow River Culture only belong to Lanzhou City?

The Yellow River flows from west to east through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces, and finally flows into the Bohai Sea.

She galloped down from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the "roof of the world", and crossed the depths of the Loess Plateau, creating an endless spectacle of the Yellow River with her own vitality. On both sides of this endless river, the primitive culture of our great motherland has been nurtured, and then a splendid and colorful human civilization has been generated. Looking back today, it is this kind of spiritual feeling that makes me yearn for the rising national hope in Ran Ran on the Loess Plateau, although I am trapped in the enemy's prison.

Lanzhou has been on the road of carrying forward and developing the vast Yellow River culture. The sculpture of the famous Yellow River mother makes Lanzhou Yellow River culture float in the world. Every city where the Yellow River flows is playing the card of Yellow River culture. Simply saying that the Yellow River culture belongs only to Lanzhou is obviously inappropriate.

The only connection between Lanzhou and the Yellow River is that Lanzhou lets the Yellow River pass through the city. Become a landscape of the city and nature, unparalleled.

Sixth, Lanzhou is very concerned about other people's judgments, and there is a reason why it does not belong to a famous historical and cultural city.

Lanzhou, from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the 30 years of reform and opening up, is a city that pays special attention to the eyes of others. I am always worried that I am behind, and I am always worried that my castle peak is not green. From the airport to Lanzhou, you will feel the drought and desolation along the way, and feel Lanzhou's rejection of drought and its desire for green hills. Good wishes always come true. Now not only the vegetation in Lanzhou is green, but also the surrounding area of Lanzhou has been greatly improved after sand control.

There are also deep-seated reasons for not belonging to a famous historical and cultural city.

Looking at the history, Lanzhou was not an important city before the middle of Qing Dynasty, and it was considered as the marginal area of the Central Plains Dynasty, with less cultural precipitation. After the founding of New China, especially during the Cultural Revolution, the original cultural relics were destroyed on a large scale, and nothing decent could be produced to apply for a famous historical and cultural city. Lanzhou's cultural heritage is insufficient. The most important thing is that Lanzhou city was established after land reclamation, and it has never been a city since ancient times. It didn't belong to the city before.

7. Lanzhou needs to be reshaped in the future.

With Lanzhou as the coordinate center, according to the medium-and long-term railway network planning implemented by the state, after the completion of railway construction such as lanzhou-chongqing railway, Lanzhou-Chengdu Railway, Lanzhou-Xinjiang Second Line, Tianping Railway, He Lan Railway, Baolan Passenger Dedicated Line and Huilan Additional Second Line, an efficient, smooth and well-connected railway network with passenger and freight passages as the backbone will be formed.

We expect that Lanzhou in the future will not only be a famous historical city, an important town of the Silk Road and the only provincial capital city where the Yellow River passes through the city, but also play a pivotal and irreplaceable role in the strategy of developing the western region. ...

May Lanzhou's tomorrow be more brilliant, and the people of Lanzhou welcome you!