Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Hotel reservation - Folk customs of Miao nationality
Folk customs of Miao nationality
Miao folk culture Miao people have their own traditional festivals, such as Miao Year, Drum Festival, Lusheng Festival, etc., but the most solemn and rich one is Miao Year. The time to celebrate the Year of Miao varies from place to place. The Miao year in Rongshui, Sanjiang and Longsheng areas is generally on the first day of November in the lunar calendar. The Year of Miao is grand and warm, and besides ancestor worship and feasting, various activities are also held. When the new year comes, the whole family will keep watch. After eating a "over-the-land meal" (this is a reunion dinner between Miao people and their ancestors in the underworld), people will carry out various activities to celebrate the New Year. Offering sacrifices to Longtan, Tian Shen and blowing sheng as dancers is the most solemn scene in the Year of Miao. Praying for a bumper harvest is a major theme of Miao Year activities. During the Chinese New Year, Miao people have a variety of foods, such as rice, glutinous rice, meat (sour meat) and fish (sour fish), and there is also a special food called "Chili bone", which is fragrant and spicy, can stimulate appetite, ward off wind and keep out cold, and prevent colds. It is a standing food for Miao people and a good product for hospitality. Respondent: The Master of Tea and Moxuan-Tong Jinshi was born in Grade 6 7-26 18:43, reflecting the customs and habits of the Miao people's economic life and production activities. This kind of customs, such as eating new festivals in southeastern Guizhou, and so on. These grand festivals with a strong national style vividly reflect the material exchange, economic ties and agricultural farming within the Miao nationality and between the Miao nationality and the people of all ethnic groups. They are full of life breath and play a positive role in the production of agriculture, animal husbandry and fishery. In terms of diet and residence, Miao people have different customs and habits because of their different natural environment and economic life. For example, Miao people are used to eating glutinous rice, and they like to eat sour food to help digestion. Most Miao people live in the southwest mountainous areas. Because of the hot, rainy and humid climate, they like to live in dry-fence buildings, and so on.
what are the customs of Miao people? What are the traditional cultures of Miao nationality? Folk customs of Miao people:
Miao people mainly live in the southeast of Guizhou Province, Damiao Mountain in Guangxi, Hainan Island and the border areas of Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces, with a population of 97,. Miao nationality has a long history. In ancient books and records of China, there are records of Miao ancestors more than 5, years ago. This is the clan and tribe known as Naman from the Yellow River valley to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Miao people have no written language, and Miao language belongs to Miao language branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Miao people live in high mountains, mainly agriculture, and the crops are upland rice. Bags, buckwheat seeds, potatoes and beans, the cash crops are hemp, and they usually grow hemp and spin it themselves. The Miao people have rich folk oral literature, such as ancient songs, poems, love songs and so on. Miao people are also good at dancing, and Lusheng dance is the most popular.
Miao people have their own language, which can be divided into three dialects: Xiangxi, Qiandong and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. After 1956, a writing scheme in Latin alphabet was designed. Due to the long-term contacts between Miao and Han, a large number of Miao people are fluent in Chinese and use Chinese.
agriculture is dominant in Miao areas, supplemented by hunting. Miao people's arts and crafts such as flower picking, embroidery, brocade, batik, paper cutting and jewelry making are magnificent and colorful, and they are well-known at home and abroad. Among them, the batik process of Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. There are more than 13 kinds of Miao costumes, which can be compared with the costumes of any nation in the world. Miao nationality is a nation that can sing and dance well, especially for love songs and wine songs. Lusheng is the most representative musical instrument of Miao nationality.
Miao customs
Miao people pay great attention to etiquette. When guests visit, they will kill chickens and ducks for hospitality. If they are distinguished guests from afar, the Miao people are used to inviting guests to drink horn wine first. When eating chicken, the head of the chicken should be given to the elderly among the guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the youngest guests. In some places, there is also the custom of dividing the hearts of chickens, that is, the oldest owner of the family uses chopsticks to give the hearts of chickens or ducks to the guests, but the guests can't eat them themselves, so they must divide the hearts of chickens equally among the old people present. If the guest drinks little and doesn't like to eat fat meat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but he is not satisfied with food and drink, he is regarded as looking down on the host.
Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, are very enthusiastic, and avoid flashy and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For the distinguished guests, welcome them with wine outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing to open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb upstairs; At the banquet, chickens and ducks are served as delicacies, especially the heart and liver, which are the most precious. They should be given to the guests or the elderly first, and the guests should share them with everyone, in the order of growing first and then growing young. Guests should not call their hosts "Miao Zi"; they prefer to call themselves "Meng".
Miao-Festival
Treading on Huashan Mountain is a grand traditional festival for Miao people in China, which is usually held on the first, third and sixth days of the first lunar month every year. In all counties where Miao people live, flower poles should be erected these days to hold a grand activity of stepping on Huashan Mountain. This is not only a good opportunity for young Miao men and women to talk about love, but also an important place for Miao people to carry out cultural and recreational activities. The Miao people, old and young, dressed in gold and silver, rushed to the foot of the flower pole from all directions, blowing reeds, playing tricks, bullfighting, wrestling, fighting thrush and climbing the flower pole.
Back-beating Festival is popular in some areas of Funing County, and is held from the third day to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year. It is a festival for young Miao people. During the festival, young men and women gather on the scenic hillside. When the back-beating begins, men flock out and rush to the girl they choose, holding the girl's neck with one hand and blindfolding her with the other, while other boys beat her on the back. Not to be outdone, the girl laughed and struggled. When you break free, catch the young man and deal with him as he deals with you. The whole venue, men chasing women, jumping around. Tired of playing, both men and women find a place to make local phone calls (that is, two bamboo tubes with a long line in the middle, each of whom can hear talking and singing in the bamboo tube), and pour out their honeyed words to each other to form a partner. After they hit it off, they tell their parents to marry on an auspicious day
Miao-Marriage Custom
Miao is monogamous, and young men and women have traditional social activities before marriage. For example, "meeting girls" is the way for Miao youth to fall in love freely. The traditional festival of Miao nationality is the annual Huashan Festival (held on the fifth day of the first lunar month, also known as stepping on Huashan Mountain), which is the most prosperous festival of Miao people. During the festival, young men and women dressed in festive costumes gather together to sing songs, perform drum-stepping, lion dancing and Lusheng dancing, which is very lively.
glutinous rice is also an essential food for young men and women in the process of marriage and love. Miao people in Chengbu, Hunan put ... > >
Miao nationality culture Miao nationality has a history of thousands of years. Since ancient times, Miao nationality has retained rich and unique national customs. In terms of marriage, Miao people are generally more open and free, and they practice monogamous families; Miao people's costumes are diverse in styles, unique in craftsmanship and have obvious national characteristics. Miao people have many traditional festivals ...
Guizhou Miao architecture
Miao people's areas are rich in wood, so in the past, houses were mostly wooden structures. Diaojiaolou, which is built in mountainous areas, is generally divided into two floors, the upper floor is occupied by people, and the lower floor is occupied by livestock or sundries.
Guizhou Miao culture
Historical culture is created by the people. In our multi-ethnic family, people of all ethnic groups, with their diligence and wisdom, have created the history and splendid culture of the motherland and made outstanding contributions to the historical and cultural development of the motherland. In the long history, many outstanding revolutionaries, scientists, artists and thinkers have emerged in Miao nationality. They are outstanding representatives of creating their own national history and culture, and at the same time they have played an important role in promoting the development of the motherland's history and culture.
Miao costumes in Guizhou
Miao costumes reflect the characteristics of Miao people's long history, scattered residence and diverse customs. There are strict differences in costumes between branches of Miao people, counties and villages. The main colors of their clothes are also different. The so-called "white Miao", "black Miao", "flower Miao" and "Han Miao" are self-proclaimed or other names based on their clothing colors or styles, and some are called "long skirt Miao" and "short skirt Miao" according to women's skirts. In fact, the same name is strict, and women's clothing in different regions is also different. People who are both "White Miao" and Maligong are dressed in blue cloth with round neck and narrow sleeves, and the sleeves are lined with three black cloths, with white clothes inside. The collar and chest are exposed in white, and the forehead is intertwined with white towels, and the white towels are wrapped with black towels, which is black and white; The "white seedlings" in Zhenxiong and Weixin areas are dressed in black-and-blue long dresses and pleated skirts. All the collars, cuffs and waists are embroidered with five-color silk threads, and the heads are wrapped with black-and-blue cloth about five inches wide and more than ten feet long. The outstanding white color lies in the white cloth leggings.
Most Miao costumes are patterned, embroidered, patterned, batik, woven and lined, and their workmanship is exquisite and dazzling. Especially from embroidery patterns, we can often find out the historical and symbolic meaning of Miao nationality, which can be described as a "meaningful form". For example, Wenshan "Flower Miao" is embroidered with red, yellow, blue, white and other patterns on the collar and sleeves of its black round neck and narrow sleeves. The patterns are mostly flower-like and river-like. It is said that these patterns symbolize the place where Miao ancestors lived: red and green wavy patterns represent rivers, big flowers represent the capital, staggered patterns represent ridges, and flower spots represent ears of grain. The big flower seedlings in Luquan, Wuding and Anning love to wear shawls with three square patterns embroidered on them, which is in line with the saying of "Gechiyou's old training ground has three flowers" in the Miao ancient songs. Therefore, it is said that it symbolizes the ancient training ground and the flag, and the patterns at both ends of the shawl represent the cities and streets of Beijing in the past ... The origin of these costumes is mostly related to the ancient Jiu Li San Miao and the Yellow Emperor competing for the Central Plains. Therefore, not every man and woman who can knit and embroider Miao clothes patterns can knit and embroider at will, and there are strict rules on where to decorate what patterns, what patterns represent and what patterns people of what status and age should decorate.
Miao festivals in Guizhou
There are many Miao festivals, but the names and ceremonies vary from region to region. All of them celebrate the Spring Festival (that is, the year of Hakka). Some Miao people feed their cows with glutinous rice during the Spring Festival, stick red paper on their horns, and rush to the well to "look in the mirror" for them. In addition, Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat Festival, July and a half, Autumn Festival (beginning of autumn), August 15th, Eating New Festival (when rice and corn are ripe) and other festivals have been celebrated. Some Miao people in Hanming and other places will hold lively bullfights in beginning of autumn in July and on August 15th. "Treading on Huashan Mountain" in the first month of each year is the biggest traditional festival of Miao people in the province. "Young seedlings" call "stepping on Huashan Mountain" Austrian Road "and" Red seedlings "are called" kindness ",which means" ignoring the slope ". Festival activities are jointly sponsored by two or three families; The sponsor is called "You Hou Dao", which is usually played by those who have no children and pray for them. Before the festival is held, the host family is responsible for planting a colorful flower pole (mostly Dalongzhu) with a height of about two or three meters on the selected slope of Humian Dam, and arranging good wine in the flower hill. At that time, men and women from all villages near and far will come to participate. During the festival, the content is extremely rich, and it is the main content of Huashan Festival that young men and young girls choose couples to sing folk songs. In addition, young boys have to dance the reed tent dance, as well as bullfighting, lion dancing and other activities, which last for several days and are very lively. Miao people also have many traditional religious festivals. On the first day of the first month of some Miao people > >
what are the traditional festivals and ethnic customs of Miao nationality? National Festivals Miao nationality is a nation rich in ancient civilization and paying attention to etiquette. The festivals at the age of 2 are unique and distinct. Miao traditional festivals are divided into: 1. Farming festivals; The material exchange festival; 3. Festivals for men and women to socialize, fall in love and choose a spouse; 4. Sacrificial festivals; 5. Commemorative and celebratory festivals. According to the time sequence, one year is divided into twelve months, and there are more than one festival day every month. The 1st-15th day (from the first child day to the second yin day) of the moving moon (mouse or child month) is the Year of Play Festival, in which the first child day is the Day of the Year, and Miao people do not go out (far away); The first ugly day is the Lunar New Year Festival. From the first ugly day to the second ugly day (2-14), people visit relatives and friends, celebrate the new year, sing songs between men and women, play with dragon lanterns and lions. The second lunar day (15th) is the year of the tail (burning dragon lanterns). The first ugly day of the partial moon (bull moon or ugly moon) is the social day, also known as the dragon head festival. The Miao people worship the land god, and receive dragons and Enron (Miao language dyes Rong). The first Yin day in January (Tiger Moon or Yinyue) is a festival for material exchange and social interaction between men and women (known as the Third Street Festival in March in Chinese). The first Sunday in February (Rabbit Month or Uzuki) is the Ox King Festival (called April 8th in Chinese), the cherry party for men and women, and the Buddha's birthday. The first day and the second day of March (Dragon Moon or Chenyue) are the Little Dragon Boat Festival and the Big Dragon Boat Festival respectively, in which the Little Dragon Boat Festival was later called Qu Yuan Festival and Song Shi Festival to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan (Mi surname). The first day of April (Snake Moon or Mitsuki) is Dragon-falling Festival (called June 6th and June Field in Chinese) and Eating New Festival (Barley Maturing). The first sub-day in May (horse month or noon month) is Xiaonian Festival (called Seven Sisters in Miao language, namely the Big Dipper). The second day of June (the month of the sheep or the month of the moon) is the Duck Festival, and the second day is the Autumn Festival. The first application day in July (Monkey Moon or Shen Moon) is the Wine Festival (glutinous rice harvesting to brew sweet wine and rice wine). August (Chicken Moon or Full Moon) is the Festival of Sacrifice (mainly carrying out activities of ancestor worship, pig eating, incense jumping, mourning, Anlong, etc.). September (dog month or full moon) hunting festival, choose a day.
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