How to understand multi-division transfer?

In ancient times, the holy kings humbly asked for advice. He not only asked for advice when he was not a holy king, but also humbly asked for advice after he became a holy king. Shennong's teacher is Zhu, Huangdi's teacher is a riot, Zhuan Xu's teacher is the father of Boyi, Emperor's teacher is, Yao's teacher is the father of Zizhou, Shun's teacher is, Yu's teacher is Dacheng, Shang Tang's teacher is (Yi Yin), and Harmony's teachers are Lv Wang and Zhou Gongdan. On Saturday, I became a sage, worshiping the culprits as teachers, prissy and Gong as teachers, Sun Shuaio and Shen as teachers, Lu Wu Zixu and Wen Zhiyi as teachers, and Gou Jian as teachers.

Ancient sages and emperors consulted not only those who were appointed as prime ministers, but also opposition civilians who were not officials in the DPRK. Yao once consulted a civilian named Shan Yu. Shan Di didn't receive the salary of Yao Fu, so when Yao went to consult Shan Di, he had to pay a tribute to the students. Zhou Gongdan himself became Zhou Wuwang's teacher, but he sought advice from ordinary thinkers. These civilians live in simple streets, and Zhou Gongdan consulted more than 70 civilian scholars as students.

Dayu accepted the sage and said, "I used to catch three hairs in one bath, eat three meals a day, and treat people with courtesy, which is related to my own shortcomings." Once, when Yu was taking a bath, he suddenly heard that a saint came to see him. He grabbed his wet hair with his hand, and when the bath was not over, he immediately came out to see the sage and listen to the teachings. Once at dinner, I stopped for three times, put down my chopsticks, and went out to see the sage three times.

Zi chan was the prime minister of Zheng in the Spring and Autumn Period. At that time, Hu Qiuzilin, a famous scholar, opened a lecture hall, and Zi Chan went to attend classes. He entered the classroom in full accordance with the rules of the students at that time and sat in order of age. Some people say that he regards the identity of the prime minister as an umbrella outside the classroom, and he only enters the classroom as a student himself.

Wei Wenhou visited Duan Ganmu, a civilian scholar at that time, and always stood there listening to Duan Ganmu teach himself. His legs were tired and he dared not sit down. Confucius' theory of "multi-teacher"-Confucius advocates multi-teacher, not just learning from one teacher. His own way of asking for advice is like this. He said: "In a threesome, there must be a teacher: choose the good and follow it, and change the bad." He also has the principle of "asking questions without shame", and he often "asks questions according to his ability". In Zhangzi, Zi Gong said that Confucius asked for a teacher: "Why didn't the master learn?" And why are there so many teachers? In the Tang Dynasty, Han Yu wrote "Teacher's Theory" and said: "The saints are impermanent: Confucius, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. There must be a teacher in Confucius' threesome. So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. I have heard of Taoism one after another, and I specialize in it, that's all. "

Emperor Kangxi was assigned a teacher by an adult when he was a child. Later, I found teacher Wu Ciyou. Wu Ciyou didn't know the identity of Kangxi at that time. After that, Gu ordered Sony, an old minister, to educate Kangxi all the time. Throughout the teacher is Kangxi's grandmother sourdrang dowager. She can be said to have painstakingly taught Kangxi how to be an emperor. Kangxi asked many teachers for advice and finally became a generation of sages. Ask the teacher for advice: sincerely, Jinshi took a fancy to the teacher for you, but refused to accept you as a disciple. What should I do? Zhong You, a native of Southern Tang Dynasty in Five Dynasties, was a famous painter when he was young. He went to worship Guo Weishi, a flower and bird painter. When Guo was not at home, he stood outside the door all day until Guo came home at dusk. Zhong Yin fell to the ground and Guo refused to accept it. Soon, the Guo family wanted to recruit a master, and Zhong Yin changed her name and surname to apply. Zhong Yin became a servant and worked hard. Guo liked it very much, so he was promoted to buddhist nun. Zhong Yin practiced what Xunzi called "learning ink is convenient and approachable" and quietly learned Guo's painting techniques. Zhong Yin was originally a famous figure, and the news of his sudden disappearance aroused people's speculation. Guo once found buddhist nun peeking at his paintings and asked, "Who are you?" Zhong Yin knelt down and told the story. Guo was very moved, so he made an exception and accepted Zhong Yin as an apprentice.

Stealing fists. Yang Tai Ji Chuan, the founder of Taiji, changed his surname and disfigured himself when his disciples refused to accept him. He was accepted as a servant by his disciples and stole boxing income. As a result, he learned better than those formal disciples. After the discovery, the master was very moved and accepted him.

Besides being as diligent and respectful as other brothers, the Monkey King is a little naughty, humorous and spiritual. So the master knocked him on the back of the head three times, and he knew that he got up in the middle of the night and went through the back door, thus learning the secret skills.

In the creation of modern new martial arts novels, all young heroes with successful skills are often destined to benefit from multiple teachers and become a whole, creating new martial arts and being invincible.

Han Gan, a master of horse painting in Tang Dynasty, was very poor when he was a child. He works as a waiter in a hotel and often goes out to deliver wine to customers. He likes painting since he was a child, and he likes drawing horses best. Although you are talented, you can't improve. He heard from the hotel owner that the famous poet and painter Wang Wei lived nearby. I wanted to learn drawing from my teacher, so Han Gan tried to get close to Wang Wei. One day, the opportunity came. Wang Wei's boy came to drink, and Han Gan offered to help him. Wang Wei thinks the young man is lovely and treats him well. One night, it was snowing heavily. Han Gan took off his clothes and went to bed. From a distance, Wang Wei's home is brightly lit, and a figure is lying on his desk. He thought it must be Wang Wei's painting, so he thought he definitely needed to drink. Despite the cold, he put on his clothes, carried wine and braved the heavy snow to deliver wine to Wang Wei. Wang Wei was deeply moved and wanted to tip him. Han Gan said, I don't want money. I want you to teach me how to draw a horse. Wang Wei asked him to draw a horse. Han Gan was very happy. Although the horse he painted is not sophisticated, he can see the aura of the painting! Wang Wei promised to teach him. The negative teacher "The Book of Songs": "Yin Jian is not far away, in the world of Xia Hou."

Chapter 27 of Laozi: "Those who are not good at people are also the capital of good people."

The Analects of Confucius: "Self-examination is also seen in ignorance", "If it is not good, it will be corrected." Also "For Politics": "Reviewing the past and learning new things can be a teacher."

"Warring States Policy Zhao Ceyi": "The past is not forgotten, and the future is a teacher."

"Zhou Shu": "The front car covers, and the rear car police." (Liu Xiang: "On the Garden Mountain") "The Biography of Wei Zhi in the New Tang Dynasty": "If the husband recognizes the beauty and evil, then stop the water; The security of the government will lead to national subjugation. " It was Wei Zhi who fully summarized the historical lessons of the demise of the Sui Dynasty that made Emperor Taizong take measures to make the Tang Dynasty prosperous. The history of national subjugation became the teacher of Emperor Taizong. Laozi: Go beyond the teacher, learn from nature and create yourself. Laozi said: "Man should be a teacher in the earth, the earth should be a teacher in the sky, and the sky should be a teacher in the Tao, and the Tao is natural." (Chapter 24) Law, learning from law, and ultimately learning from nature. To learn from nature, we must understand it in nature, and such understanding will become a unique discovery or invention beyond teachers. Ancient painters, musicians, doctors, inventors and martial arts masters often became the founders of original schools by learning from nature. High mountains and flowing water meet bosom friends. This is the story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi. How did Yu Boya learn the piano well? He worshipped the first-class pianist at that time and became a teacher. After Cheng Lian taught Yu Boya to practice basic skills, he found that Boya's musical creativity was not stimulated. He said, "You have learned all my skills. If you want to improve, you can only let my teacher teach you. " Boya was very happy, so he climbed mountains and waded with Cheng Lian to visit his teacher. Lianlian took Boya to the seaside, where there was a small hut. Cheng Lian told Boya to wait in the hut and go to the teacher himself. Boya waited for several days, but no teacher came back, let alone the teacher's teacher. In the boring waiting, he enjoyed the sea by the way: sometimes it was calm, sometimes it was stormy. When he saw the sunrise and the full moon on the sea and the sea, he became emotional and moved out of the piano to improvise, but it became an eternal voice. At this time, he suddenly understood that the original teacher's teacher is nature. Since then, all his high mountains and flowing waters have naturally followed the example of others.

Inventor Lu Ban once accidentally cut his finger by thatch. He observed that the edge of the thatch had teeth, which inspired him to invent the saw.

Wang Mian painted lotus flowers, Qi Baishi painted shrimp, and Xu Beihong painted horses, each leading the way, all benefiting from learning from nature. So sketch has become a compulsory course for learning painting.

Martial arts masters create monkey fist and eagle claw skills, and also benefit from learning from nature. The names of many moves, such as bright wings of white crane, wagging tail of oolong, independence of golden rooster, left tail of sparrow, wild horse mane and rhinoceros looking at the moon, are the same.

Modern fashion designers also began to learn from nature. Bat shirts are an example.

When Yan Zhenqing, a calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty, was unknown, he took Zhang Xu, the leading calligrapher in China at that time, as his teacher. Zhang Xu asked him to "read more books" and "understand nature", but Yan Zhenqing didn't understand, thinking that Zhang Xu refused to teach him the tricks of pen and ink. Zhang Xu enlightened again and again, but Yan Zhenqing still didn't. Zhang Xu was in a hurry and told Yan Zhenqing, "I watched Gong Sundaniang's sword dance and learned the rhythm, momentum and rhythm of calligraphy. In addition to studying hard and learning from nature, what other tricks are there? " People who are bent on seeking knowledge will never achieve anything. "Say that finish, left. Yan Zhenqing realized the truth, carefully observed all things in nature, and after decades of efforts, he founded Yan Calligraphy School and became a great calligrapher.

Another way of saying it is that Han Gan first learned to draw horses from his predecessor Cao Ba, and Du Fu had a poem praising Cao Ba's painting of jade flowers and horses when he was in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty: "The horse has been degraded for generations." Han Gan was later recruited into the palace to paint horses. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked Han Gan to learn from another famous horse painter, Chen, but Han Gan did not do so. Xuanzong was puzzled. Han Gan replied, "Many famous horses in your majesty's stable are my teachers and role models!" Han Gan took the horse as his teacher and was "unparalleled in ancient and modern times".

The current painting teaching emphasizes sketching, perhaps by absorbing the predecessors' learning from nature and understanding the principles of nature! Bionic invention: from duck catching to submarine invention. More than 200 years ago, Russian Emperor Peter I demanded the invention of new weapons at a high price. 17 17, Nikonov, a farmer near Moscow, found in his work that ducks dived into the water from a distance in order to prey on small fish foraging on the water, and then suddenly surfaced near the small fish to sneak up on them. So he thought of inventing a "secret spaceship". He was received by Peter I. Seven years later, Peter I personally presided over the launching test ceremony of the "secret ship". Unexpectedly, during the launch, the parts were damaged and the test was forced to be postponed. It happened that Nikonov suddenly fell ill and died, and the matter was suspended.

After 1834, a Russian general, Shrygia, designed a strange boat with a goose-web-like paddle on each side, which was paddled by sailors hiding in the boat. There are two covered towers on the upper part of the ship, one is the air inlet, the other is the periscope, and there is a heavy hammer to make the ship float and sink.

Without knowing each other, Fulton, an American painter, cooperated with Baluluo, an engineer, and made a submarine model in February 1797. He wanted to dedicate it to America, but no one supported it, so he dedicated it to Napoleon. With the support of Napoleon, the submarine "parrot" was quickly made. The ship can sink 20 meters below the water surface and turn freely. But Napoleon refused to produce because he was afraid of an explosion when diving into deep water. So British Prime Minister Peter sent someone to secretly take Fulton. 1805, 10 In June, the submarine was secretly tested in an unknown small place in the castle. 1 200-ton galleon, under the attack of submarine, broke the mast and smashed the hull with a loud bang. This amazing power made Prime Minister Peter feel terrible. From then on, Fulton's invention was buried.

By 1896, Holland, an American, invented a cigar-shaped submarine, driven by a gasoline engine and a battery, with a steel shell and mines on board. Since then, submarines have become popular in practice. Later, a nuclear submarine with nuclear fission as its energy source appeared. In the future, submarines will be used not only for military purposes, but also for diving tourism, fishing, transportation and diving mining. Birds and squid inspired the invention of airplanes. Lierendell and his younger brother in Germany envied birds flying with wings when they were children. They made a big kite out of bamboo strips and inserted many feathers so that they wouldn't fly. They caught a bird to look at it and found that its wings were bent. So, they made improvements and the kite rose to the sky. When he grew up, Lerendell continued his research. At the age of 465,438+0, he wrote a book: The flying method of birds is the basis of flying into the sky. In 65,438+0894, at the age of 46, he published the manufacturing method and application of the flying device. He pointed out that people can't fly with flapping wings like birds, but they can have fixed wings and fly in the sky with the buoyancy of the wind like kites. Liliendar flew on1August 9, 896, and died shortly after falling and being injured by strong wind.

The Wright brothers in the United States sighed after reading Lerendell's report. They are determined to study airplanes. After many failures, they made a glider. 1903 12 17 Their gasoline engine plane was successfully tested, with a flight distance of 260 meters and a time of 59 seconds. This is the first successful airplane in the world.

Later, many people improved the Wright brothers plane. The plane appeared on the battlefield of the First World War. 19 10, a plane made of metal appeared in the Yukas Institute in Germany. The Wright brothers continued to transform their plane to a speed of 60 kilometers per hour. 1927, Limba of the United States flew a small plane across the Atlantic Ocean.

At this time, a student named White from the British Aviation NCO School got inspiration from the squid. The action of cuttlefish in water is to suck water in, and then eject it from behind, and use the reaction force of this ejection to push forward. In ancient Greece, someone put forward the idea of using air jet to make vehicles run automatically. Later, Newton also put forward a plan to use the reaction force of steam injection to drive the wheel to rotate. So White experimented and finally invented the jet plane. If China dares to be a student, it must be the strongest country in the world. Bertrand Russell (1872 ~ 1970), a famous British mathematician and philosopher, expounded the "comparison between Chinese and western civilizations" in the book The Question of China. Excerpts are as follows:

The communication between different civilizations has been proved to be a milestone in the development of human civilization many times in the past. In many such exchanges, backward countries as "students" always surpass advanced countries as teachers. In the process of cultural exchange between China and foreign countries, if China is a student, China will eventually surpass her advanced teacher. Indeed, there are many places worth learning in China, and there are also many places worth learning in China in the west.

China people urgently need to learn western knowledge, not only to strengthen their national strength against western aggression, but also because many people want to learn useful knowledge from western culture itself. China traditionally attached great importance to knowledge, but in the past he only attached importance to classical literature. It is generally believed that western knowledge is more practical now. Every year, many students go to universities in Eastern Europe, and more go to the United States to study science, economics, law and political science.

The influx of western cultural knowledge has stimulated and promoted the Chinese civilization that needs to be revived. If China has a stable government and sufficient funds, they will create more developed science in the next 30 years. They are likely to surpass us because they are enthusiastic and diligent and have a lot of enthusiasm for ZTE.

It is interesting to compare what China people seek from the West and what Westerners seek from China. China sought knowledge from the West, and knowledge is the only way to wisdom. Europeans go to China for three purposes: war, making money and forcing China to believe in God. These three points are all offensive in a sense.

I don't think westerners have ever experienced the patience of China people. We think we are patient because we are more restrained than our ancestors. Cultural exchanges between China and the West are helpful to both sides. China people should learn from us the indispensable practical efficiency, and we should learn from them the wisdom of meditation and introspection. It is this introspection that has preserved Chinese civilization, while the ancient civilizations of other countries have died out.

I hope, sincerely hope, that the people of China will get science from us, and in return, they should give us a little patience and a calm mind.