What are the famous types of China's plays?

Hui Opera originated from the "Hui Wing Elegant Tune" in Ming Dynasty. During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Yiyang Opera in Jiangxi spread to Qingyang and Guichi in Anhui, and combined with folk tunes loved by local people, it created new operas and formed Qingyang Opera with local characteristics. Influenced by folk ballads and Kunqu Opera, Qingyang Opera has developed for a long time and formed today's Huizhou Opera. Its characteristics are: singing in vain, which not only gives the characters in the opera a broad space to pour out their inner feelings of anguish and anger, but also is narrative. The singing range is extremely broad, giving people a rough and beautiful feeling.

During the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, famous artists Gao Langting and Hao Tianshou brought Huizhou Opera to Yangzhou to perform. At that time, Yangzhou was one of the national cultural centers and the concentrated place of "Flower Department", but it was quickly submerged by the exquisite Huizhou opera. In the fifty-five years of Qianlong, Gaolangting was once again brought to Beijing and was welcomed by the audience in Beijing. Then, it caused Sixi, Chuntai, Hechun and other Hui classes to enter Beijing.

Shortly after Anhui Opera entered Beijing, Han Opera also entered Beijing, and Anhui Opera absorbed Xipi from Han Opera, further enriching and developing its own voice. From then on, Huizhou Opera not only broke into the palace and shook the capital, but also spread widely, affecting the whole country. It took root in the north and gradually absorbed the Peking Opera in the north. Its high-pitched tunes were combined with the northern languages and developed into Peking Opera. It also has a far-reaching influence on the southern opera. Jiangxi's Gan Opera, Sichuan's Sichuan Opera, Guangdong's Cantonese Opera, Guangxi's Gui Opera and Yunnan's Yunnan Opera are all influenced by Huizhou Opera to varying degrees.

Cheng Changgeng, an old artist, is an outstanding representative of the performing arts of Huizhou Opera and has made outstanding contributions to the performing arts of Huizhou Opera. Cheng Changgeng was born in Anhui Buried Hill. He combines emblem sound, Beijing sound and Chu sound, refining and innovating, becoming an outstanding family. For Anhui opera, he played a connecting role, and for Beijing opera, he played a connecting role. Therefore, he became the founder of Beijing Opera.

The performing arts of Anhui Opera are rich and colorful. It pays attention to Taiwan and Taiwan martial arts, the sculptural beauty of figures and looks, the shaping of figures and the style of pictures. Platform and Gao Tai Wushu are the most prominent Anhui operas. Platforms such as "single kick with one foot", "single kick with fork legs", "knife gate" and "flying fork" are extremely thrilling. As for Gao Tai Wushu, it is even more dangerous. The average actor has to turn over three tables, and some have to turn over seven tables. The characters in Anhui Opera are very artistic. Anhui opera pays attention to collective performance, and when necessary, all the songs dance together, which is magnificent and lively. There are many Anhui operas, including 1404. Because of its long history, most of them are manuscripts, and many books have been lost. After liberation, after excavation and arrangement, the representative repertoires with the characteristics of Huizhou Opera are: Hu Yi Bao, Joe's Marriage, Wang Qi Electric Horse, and The Seven Armies under Water.

Beijing opera

One of the traditional operas in China. In the past, it was called "Pihuang" or "Huang Er". Because of its wide influence and popularity in the whole country, it is also called "national drama" in modern times. There are different views on the history of Peking Opera. One view, marked by the entry of Huizhou class into Beijing in the 55th year of Qianlong (1790), holds that Peking Opera has a history of more than 200 years. One view, marked by the confluence of the Hui and Han Dynasties after the Han Dynasty moved northward in the Qing Dynasty, is the embryonic form of Peking Opera, that is, "Before Xianfeng, Kunqu Opera was the most important, and after Xianfeng, Huang Er was the most important" (see "Yanjing Year"). After the confluence of Hui and Han dynasties, they accepted some tunes, plays and performance methods of Kunqu Opera and Bangzi, which were popular in Beijing at that time, and widely absorbed some folk music materials and melodies, which gradually merged and evolved, and finally laid the foundation for the art of Peking Opera. The singing music of Beijing Opera belongs to the structural system of banqiang. Among them, "Xipi" includes "inverted board", "flexible board", "original board", "twenty-six", "almost three eyes", "flowing water", "rocking board" and "scattered board". "Huang Er" includes "reverse board", "Huilong", "adagio", "original board", "almost three eyes", "rocking board" and "scattered board". In addition to Xipi and Huanger, there are anti-Xipi, anti-Huang Er, anti-Nanbangzi, four-level, high-pitched and blowing tones. The main accompaniment instruments are: Jinghu, Jinghu, Sanxian, Yueqin, flute, suona and other stringed instruments, as well as percussion instruments such as drums, gongs, cymbals and drums. In performance, according to the characteristics of men and women, old and young, handsome and ugly, they can be roughly divided into four major businesses: longevity, Dan, purity and ugliness. It can be subdivided into fine branches in major banks. The art of Peking Opera is characterized by its eclecticism and eclecticism, which makes it a representative of China's extensive and profound opera art and enjoys a world-renowned reputation. It not only created rich and popular opera works, but also produced many outstanding opera musicians, opera writers and performing artists.

Kunqu Opera

Kunqu Opera is an ancient drama in China, also known as Kunshan Opera or Kunqu Opera. It is popular in Kunshan, Jiangsu, and has a history of more than 500 years. During the Jiajing period, Wei Liangfu, a traditional Chinese opera musician, absorbed the advantages of Haiyan and Ge Yang, reformed Kunqu Opera, created a famous "ink painting drama" and greatly developed Kunqu Opera. Kunqu Opera has a complete performance system and a unique sound cavity system. Its repertoire is rich, its tunes are fresh and euphemistic, and its performances are beautiful and moving. The band mainly plays flute, but also uses instruments such as pipe (flute), sheng and pipa. Its music and dance performances have a great influence on other operas.

Kunqu Opera is divided into Nankun and Beikun, which are popular in the north and Nankun in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Famous actors include Yu Zhenfei, Han Shichang, Li Shujun, Hong Xuefei and Wang Fusong.

drama review

Popular in Beijing, Tianjin, North China and Northeast China, it has a history of more than 70 years. It originated from the "Lotus Waterfall" in the east of Hebei Province, and was formed by absorbing and developing Beijing Opera, Hebei Bangzi, Shadow Play, Drum and other musical performances. After this kind of drama entered the city from the countryside, it performed many new plays under the influence of drama and Beijing opera, and was good at expressing the lives of ordinary people. Lyrics are easy to understand, singing is colloquial, articulation is clear and easy to understand, and life is strong, which is deeply loved by urban and rural people. Early Pingju was dominated by female characters, euphemistic and moving, and the male voice was poor and simple. After the founding of New China, male voices have made great progress, and many new plays with male roles have been created. Famous actors are: Yu Shuang, Cai Lian, Xin,,, Matai, etc.

Huangmei Opera

Huangmei Opera is widely popular along the Yangtze River in Anhui, and in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Jilin and other provinces and cities. There are more than 50 professional Huangmei Opera Troupe, whose influence and reputation are as far away as Hong Kong, Macao and Southeast Asia.

Huangmei Opera, formerly known as Huangmei Tune, also known as Tea Picking Tune, originated in Huangmei County, Hubei Province. Longping Mountain in Weizi and Huangmei County used to be the place where tea was produced. Every year after Grain Rain, groups of young men and women gather tea and compose and sing folk songs, which are collectively called Huangmeidiao.

Huangmei tune is slowly combined with folk songs and dances in the popular process, forming a kind of song and dance art form, which is mainly active during the Lantern Festival, so it is also called lantern. During the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, in the neighboring areas of Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi, folk operas featuring "two plays" (Xiao Sheng and Xiao Dan) and "three plays" (with clowns) were formed. Later, Huizhou was absorbed to harmonize the music and performing arts of Qingyang Opera, which was popular in Anqing, and a big play was performed. Because it has long been popular in Anqing area with Huaining as the center, it has gradually formed a unique style by speaking and singing with local voices, so it is called "Huaiqiang", which is the predecessor of Huangmei Opera today.

From 65438 to 0926, Huangmei Opera was sung from the countryside to the ancient city of Anqing. Huangmei Opera has gradually established a fixed performance place and developed in Anqing. Class clubs have appeared for many years, and professional artists have also appeared. Drama, performance, and music have also developed, and Beijing Opera has been tried out. However, for a long time, it was mainly based on "three strikes and seven sings" (three percussionists and seven actors), and the equipment was simple. A team's clothes, props, gongs and drums can be picked up in baskets. After 1949, Huangmei Opera developed rapidly, from a popular folk opera in Anqing to a local opera in Anhui.

Huangmei Opera is famous for its lyricism, rich charm, beautiful singing, flowing, singing and dancing, and simple and delicate performance.

Huangmei opera is euphemistic and fresh, which can be divided into two categories: coloratura and Pingci. Coloratura is mainly used to perform small plays, full of rich flavor of life and folk songs, and uses "household house", "food que" and other "lining words". There are lovers watching lights, blue bridge meeting, and beating pig grass. Pingci is the most important aria in the original drama, which is often used for long narrative and lyric. It sounds euphemistic and melodious, including butterfly lovers and Fairy Couple. Modern Huangmei Opera enhances the expressive force of "Pingci" singing in music. Pingci is often used for lyric and narrative, and is the main singing of the original drama. It broke through the limitations of some "coloratura" special play, absorbed the musical elements such as folk songs, and created a new cavity that was integrated with traditional singing. Huangmei Opera, with Gao Hu as the main accompaniment instrument, supplemented by other national musical instruments and gongs and drums, is suitable for performing plays with various themes.

1953 After the establishment of Anhui Huangmei Opera Troupe in May, with the cooperation of old artists and new literary and art workers, it has arranged and adapted some traditional repertoires, such as Beating Pig Grass, Couples Watching Lights, Fairy Descending, Female Ma Xu and so on. Among them, "The Fairy Couple" also set a record for the audience of Chinese drama films at that time, which was popular all over the country and famous overseas. This is the first time that Huangmei Opera has been combined with film art, adding wings to Huangmei Opera, making it leap in a broader world and become an outstanding local opera renowned at home and abroad.

During the growth of Huangmei Opera, Yan Fengying, Wang Shaofang and other outstanding actors made great contributions to the performing arts of Huangmei Opera.

Yan Fengying's singing art has a unique style. Her singing is mellow and sweet, full of folk song flavor, vivid performance image, true and touching, and strong inner feelings. Among them, Fairy Descent, Woman Xu, Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Couple Watching Lights, Beating Pig Grass and other plays are very popular, and some of them have been made into movies, which are well-known at home and abroad.

Sichuan opera

Sichuan Opera is very popular in Sichuan Province and parts of Yunnan and Guizhou. Originally, five vocal arts imported from other provinces, namely, Kunqu Opera, Gaoqiang Opera, Huqin Opera (Pihuang), Tanxi Opera and Sichuan Folk Lantern Opera, have been performed in all parts of Sichuan. During the Qing Dynasty (1736- 1795), these five vocal arts often performed on the same stage, and gradually formed the same style over time, collectively known as * * *.

Gao, Kun, Hu and Dan Deng have their own situations in the process of merging into a unified Sichuan opera.

Kunqu Opera, which originated in Jiangsu, flowed into Sichuan and evolved into "Chuankun" with local characteristics. High notes play a major role in Sichuan Opera. Originated in Yiyang Opera in Jiangxi, it flowed into Sichuan in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and was called "Qing Opera" between Chu and Shu. On the basis of maintaining the tradition of "singing by one person with a tight board and adagio", it also absorbs a lot of nutrition from Sichuan Yangko, chant, divine comedy and Lianxiang, and closely combines the characteristics of "helping, beating and singing" to enrich and develop, forming a Sichuan high-pitched tune with local characteristics.

Huqin Opera, also known as "Si" Opera, originated from the harmony between Hui and Han, and also absorbed the elements of "Hanzhong and Huang Er" in Shaanxi. Through the combination of "singing Huqin" and stage performance with Sichuan dialect and Sichuan opera gongs and drums, it has changed greatly in timbre and music, forming a Huqin opera with Sichuan flavor.

Playing the opera, that is, playing randomly, is also called "the cover plate" and "Sichuan Bangzi". It is named after playing the cover plate and making a clapper, and originated from Tongzhou Bangzi in Shaanxi. After Shaanxi Opera flowed into Sichuan, it merged with Lantern Opera and Gaoqiang Opera in northern Sichuan for a long time, and adopted Sichuan language, gradually forming a unique Sichuan Bangzi-Tan Opera.

In the process of the popularity of the above four foreign vocal cavity arts in Sichuan, they have been combined with Sichuan pronunciation and people's appreciation habits, and gradually evolved into five vocal cavities of Sichuan Opera in later generations, namely, Kunqu Opera, Gao, Hu, Dan and Deng.

Sichuan opera has gradually formed some schools because of the relationship between various sound areas and artists. Among these schools, there are mainly four schools according to popular regions, except the schools of Dan Hanghuan (Hua Xian), Ugly Hangfu (Sangan) and Cao (Jun Chen). First, the "Western Sichuan School", including counties in Wenjiang area with Chengdu as the center, mainly formed a unique "Northern Transfer"; Second, the "Ziyang River School", including Zigong, Neijiang District, counties and cities, is dominated by high-pitched tunes and has the most rigorous artistic style; Third, the "Northern Sichuan School", including parts of Nanchong and Mianyang, is mainly composed of singing and acting, and is influenced by Shaanxi Opera. The fourth is the "East Sichuan School", including the East Sichuan area centered on Chongqing. Because Chongqing is the commercial center of Sichuan, many foreign operas are performed here. It is characterized by miscellaneous operas and diversified vocal cavities.

There are many Sichuan operas, "three thousand in the Tang Dynasty, eight hundred in the Song Dynasty and countless in the Three Kingdoms". Among them, the high-pitched part has the richest inheritance and the most remarkable artistic characteristics. There are five traditional operas (the story of green robe, the story of yellow robe, the story of white robe, the story of red robe and the story of green robe) and four columns (touching Tianzhu, Crystal Column, Burning Column and Five Elements Column).

After 1949, after sorting out, a number of outstanding Sichuan opera plays appeared, such as The Story of Liu Yin, The Tale of the Jade Hairpin, The Story of the Colorful Building, etc.

The performing arts of Sichuan Opera have a deep foundation of life and form a perfect performance program. The script is of high literary value, real and delicate performance, humorous and full of life flavor, which is deeply loved by the masses. Some actors also created many stunts, such as lifting, opening eyes, changing face, drilling fire rings, hiding knives and so on. They are good at using special effects to shape characters, which is amazing.

opera of Hebei Province

An important branch of bangzi acoustic cavity system. It is the most popular ancient opera in Hebei, including Beijing and Tianjin. In the historical process of its formation and spread, it was once called "Beijing Bangzi", "Tianjin Bangzi" (Wei Bangzi) and "Zhili Bangzi" respectively. The title of Hebei Bangzi was officially confirmed in 1952 National Opera Show. Before that, it was also called "Shaanxi Opera" or "Shanshan Bangzi". Its vocal music is in the form of a cavity, and the main boards are [Adagio], [Erliu], [Sharp Board], [Coordination] and [Crying Board]. In addition, some special accents constitute the singing style characteristics of his dramas, such as: [Thirteen Cough], [Crying for Love] (see "Gathering firewood in spring and autumn"), [Going up the mountain to the sea], [Mo Eelsen] (see "Butterfly Cup") and so on. The main accompaniment instrument of Hebei Bangzi is banhu, supplemented by flute, sheng and sanxian. When singing, use hardwood bangzi to tie knots. His singing melody is high and exciting, and he is good at expressing generous and tragic feelings. It is called "Zhao Yan's Sad Song". There are more than 1000 plays of Hebei Bangzi, among which the most influential ones are Butterfly Cup, Jinshuiqiao, Xin Anyi, Du Shiniang and Qin Xianglian. The peak period is all over the country, mainly in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia and Shandong. Famous actors include Tian Jiyun (Nine Nights), Yuan, Hou Junshan (Thirteen Dan), Fresh Ganoderma lucidum, Liu and Li Guiyun. It gradually declined after 1930s, and it was revived after 1949. It has made new development and improvement in vocal music, stage art, choreography and so on. A number of new performing artists have appeared, such as Wang, Wang, Wang, Wang and Wang, and performed a number of influential plays such as Zhong Kui and Hu Yanqing's Beating.

Shandong clapper opera

China opera. Also known as "High-profile Bangzi", it is short for "High-profile" or "High-profile Bangzi". In the early Qing Dynasty, Shanshan Bangzi was introduced to Shandong, and influenced by the local dialect, it gradually evolved into a local bangzi with rough and bold style. Popular in Heze, Jining, Tai 'an, Liaocheng, Linyi and other places, among which "Cao Zhou Bangzi" centered on Heze (the old state capital of Cao Zhou) and Jining and Wenshang is called "Wenshang Bangzi". It has certain historical origin and blood relationship with Heping tune, Laiwu bangzi tune, Yudong tune, Shahe tune and Xiangfu tune. There are more than 600 traditional repertoires, and the representative repertoires include "Beating the Golden Branch", "Erlang Mountain", "Cursing the Golden Temple", "Cosmic Front" and "The Story of the Wall". Singing is high-pitched and passionate, belonging to the banqiang. Commonly used boards include Adagio, Running Board, 28th Board, One Drum and Two Gong, Flying Board, Lift Board, Planted Board, Second Attack, Golden Hook, Chord Bell, Backward Dial, etc. There are 180 kinds of accompaniment music cards. In the past, all the songs were sung with "Big Ben" (true sound), and at the end, Dan Jiao turned high. Later, it gradually changed and sang with "two voices" (falsetto). The early accompaniment instruments were big string (octupole yueqin), two strings (short barrel, two leather strings, played with a bow) and three strings. Later, it was mainly banhu, erhu, pipa and sheng.

Shanghai opera

One of the traditional operas in China. Folk songs are mainly popular in Shanghai, southern Jiangsu and parts of Zhejiang, and originated in the rural areas of Taihu Lake basin and Huangpu River area. After being enriched and developed, a large number of drama and film artists participated in the 1930 s and 1940 s, which made great changes in Shanghai opera. The basic aria format is a plate cavity structure, supplemented by some folk songs such as tanci, which is divided into three parts: rising cavity, flat cavity and falling cavity. Accompaniment instruments include erhu, dulcimer, sanxian and pipa. Shanghai opera is good at expressing contemporary life scenes. In different historical periods, many influential plays were edited and performed, such as Broken Blue Bridge and Thunderstorm, which were adapted from film and television dramas in 1930s and 1940s, and Ludang Fire and Red Lantern, which were created in 1950s and 1960s, all had great influences. His famous actors include Yang, Xie Hongyuan and.

Yu Opera；Henan Opera

China opera. Also known as "Henan Bangzi" and "Henan High-profile". Popular in parts of Henan and neighboring provinces, there are also Henan Opera Troupes in Xinjiang and Tibet. There are different sources. First, Shaanxi Opera and Zhou Pu Bangzi were introduced into Henan in the late Ming Dynasty and combined with local folk songs; second, they were developed from northern music. The main accompaniment instruments are banhu, erhu, sanxian, pipa, flute, sheng, suona and so on. There are two kinds of Qupai playing: flute and string. Commonly used flute cards are Mantanghua, Purple Gold Cup and Phoenix Pine. Commonly used cards are "having fun in suffering", "four orders" and "Chaotian characters". Aria belongs to the cavity of the board, and the commonly used boards are [Adagio], [Bar Board], [Running Water] and [Flying Board]. At first, there were four schools: Eastern Henan Tune, Western Henan Tune (also known as Xifu Tune), Xiangfu Tune and Sha Hetiao Tune. Now there are mainly Eastern Henan Tune and Western Henan Tune. Eastern Henan tune, centered on Kaifeng and Shangqiu, is called "Shangwuyin" with falsetto and high-pitched melody. With Luoyang as the center, the western Henan tune is called "the next five tunes" with real voice and deep melody. These two factions have merged in recent years. There are more than 650 traditional repertoires, including Mu Guiying, Mulan, Matchmaker, musket, and sacrificial stakes. Modern dramas such as Chaoyanggou and Liu Hulan have great influence.

Luxi opera

China opera. Also known as "make-up dulcimer", "Qin opera", "donkey opera", "inexplicable opera" and "jumping opera". It evolved from the rap form of Qin Shu in Shandong (East Road). At the end of the Qing Dynasty, Guangrao's performers Shi, Tan Binglun and others changed "Wang Xiao's foot-catching" into a make-up performance and used folk dance to run donkeys, which was called "Donkey Play". Another is that the masses think it is a neighborhood play, and "Lu" is originally the word "Lu". There is also a saying that the masses are called "Shunxi" according to their main accompaniment instruments. 1940 was named Lu Opera. Popular in Jiaodong Guangrao, Boxing, Huimin, Zhangdian, Weixian and other towns and rural areas. 1920 or so, he entered Jinan and other cities from the countryside to sing, and once performed on the same stage with Wuyin Opera and Laiwu Bangzi. There are two kinds of traditional dramas: one is a small drama, such as Sister-in-law and Borrowing the Year; The other is Liantai's drama, which is adapted from scripts such as drum words, novels and piano books, such as Golden Whip and Five Girls in the Tang Dynasty. Singing is a plate variant, simple and simple, lively and smooth. Commonly used tunes include Siping, Baner, Doll, Running Water and Lianhua Road. The main accompaniment instruments are harpsichord, erhu, sanxian, pipa and suona. 1953, Shandong Lu Opera Troupe was established. Since then, there have been more than 30 professional troupes of Lu Opera in Shandong Province, and Lu Opera performance groups have been established in Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu and other places.