(2) Yongzhou history?

Yongzhou is located in the south of Hunan, at the northern foot of Wuling Mountain, at the junction of Hunan, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces. Yongzhou was called Lingling in ancient times, named after Shun Di's southern tour collapsed in Jiuyi Mountain in Ningyuan. In the early years of Sui Dynasty, the General Political Department of Yongzhou was established, and Yongzhou and Lingling became two places from then on. Yongzhou has been called "Xiaoxiang" since ancient times because of the intersection of Xiaoshui and Xiangjiang River in the urban area. 1995 1 1 With the approval of the State Council, the Lingling area was abolished and Yongzhou City was established. Yongzhou now governs nine counties and two districts. It has a total area of 22,400 square kilometers and a population of 5.665 million. Yongzhou has been a traffic fortress from Central China and East China to Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Southwest China since ancient times. It is also an important gateway to Hunan's opening to the outside world, and is known as the "Nanshan thoroughfare". "Away from land and water, with Chu and Guangdong as the center, remote control is connected with Wuling, with Geng Mei in front and Heng Yue Town behind". The northeast of the town can enter the hinterland of the Central Plains and control the throat of the southwest Guangxi border. According to the southeast, it guards the Guangdong seaside passage, so it is a battleground for military strategists in past dynasties. It is the only area in Hunan bordering Guangdong and Guangxi, with the urban area only over 500 kilometers away from Guangzhou and the six counties in the south only over 400 kilometers away from Guangzhou. It is a "coastal inland, inland frontier".

Yongzhou is a book with profound historical and cultural connotations. According to the latest research results of authoritative experts, Yongzhou is the source of rice cultivation in the world, the source of ceramic industry in China and the source of Chinese civilization and morality. Shun's enlightened governance, meritocracy, Liu Zongyuan's profound thought of loving the people and the people, Zhou Dunyi's simple materialistic thought and lofty morality of "removing mud and not staining", the mysterious and colorful Yao culture of "Nvshu", the excavation of Yuchanyan cultural relics in Daoxian County and the appearance of Yongzhou ancient culture have all enriched the treasure house of Chinese culture. The landscape of Yongzhou is a combination of "strangeness, uniqueness, danger and beauty" and beautiful legends, as well as a combination of natural interest and historical culture. The Shundi Mausoleum in Jiuyi Mountain, Liuzi Temple, Yangmingshan, Huang Shun, Wuxi Forest of Steles, Jianghua Medicine City and Xiangyuan Hot Springs have become new tourist hotspots.

Yongzhou is a coastal inland, the frontier of inland, and the main channel from Hunan to Guangdong, Guangxi, South China (Hainan, Southwest China) and Hong Kong and Macao. Xiang-Gui Railway runs through the east and west, with National Highway 322, 207 national highway and 9 provincial highways criss-crossing. Yongzhou Airport has opened flights to Changsha and Haikou. Hengkun Expressway, Luozhan Railway and Gui Xiang Railway constitute a new railway hub in the urban area. The planned Guiyang-Fuzhou railway will cross the central part of Yongzhou.

First of all, Lingling's name

Lingling was named after the burial of Jiu Yi Shun. The Historical Records of the Five Emperors contains: Shun "hunted in the south, collapsed in the wild of Cangwu, and was buried in Jiuyi in the south of the Yangtze River, which is Lingling". Lingling mentioned here is actually Shunling, or Shunling's nickname or good name. The name of Shunling is Lingling, which comes from the touching story of a woman looking for her husband. After Shun Di's southern tour died in Jiuyi Mountain, Shun's two concubines and all the way came to Jiuyi Mountain to find the tomb. They searched all the way and cried all the way until the tears ran out and they cried blood. Tears and blood are sprinkled on bamboo, leaving tears, making bamboo a tearful bamboo, also known as spotted bamboo. Mao Zedong's poem "Thousands of Tears on Spotted Bamboo" uses this allusion. However, E Huang and Nv Ying finally failed to find Shun Di's tomb. On the way back to the Central Plains, they both threw themselves into Dongting Lake. To commemorate the affection between E Huang and Nv Ying, people renamed Shunling Lingling. Here, the word "zero" in Lingling means "tears", which means tears. Now, some people mistakenly think that the word "zero" in Lingling means nothing or infinity. They think that Lingling means that there is no tomb or an empty tomb after Shun Di's death, and even think that Lingling means that Shunling is the greatest tomb in the world. In fact, before the Han dynasty, the word "zero" had no function of representing numbers at all. The first dictionary of China compiled by Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Shuowen Jiezi, explains this way: "Zero, Yu Xuwang." In other words, "zero" means that it rains slowly. The word "zero" in tears (meaning tears) and dead leaves (meaning fallen leaves) means falling or falling, which is an extension of the original meaning of "zero". "Zero" was used to represent numbers after the Ming Dynasty. So Lingling is Shunling, another name, or a good name. After Qin Shihuang unified China, Lingling County was established in memory of Shun Di.

Second, the name of Yongzhou

After Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty unified China, he abolished the state, county and county system, and implemented the state and county system according to the principle of "the province is more than enough, and the small one is bigger". Because there is "always good and always water" in the southwest of the county, Lingling County is placed under the Yongzhou General Administration Office. Here, "Yongshan Yongshui" in the southwest of the county refers to the landscape of Yongjiang Township in Shuangpai County. The river that flows into Xiaoshui from Yongjiang Township is called Yongjiang, also called "Yongshui". The mountains in this area are, of course, the so-called "historic mountains". Yongzhou, a place name and administrative division name, has existed for 1400 years since the establishment of the general government. Now some people say that the history of Yongzhou is longer than that of Lingling, which is unfounded. Yongjiang Township in Shuangpai County is called "Forever Good and Forever Water", which is said to be a descendant of Guo Yong, a vassal state of the Western Zhou Dynasty. According to legend, after the Western Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he was a vassal and has always been one of the vassals. However, I didn't research the specific location of Guo Yong at that time, so I dare not talk nonsense. Legend has it that during the Spring and Autumn Period, after Yong was annexed by a big country, the Wang family of Yong migrated several times, fled and settled in Shuangpai Yongjiang. The history of Yongzhou "Yong" can be traced back to the Western Zhou Dynasty, but it is later than the history of Lingling 1000 years.

At the end of primitive society, Yongzhou belonged to the land of Sanmiao Jiangnan. From the Xia and Shang Dynasties to the Western Zhou Dynasty, it belonged to Jingzhou. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, it belonged to southern Chu. The Qin Dynasty belongs to Changsha County.

In the sixth year of Emperor Gaozu Ding Yuan (1 1 1), it is analyzed that Changsha is located in Lingling County, which governs Lingling (now southwest of quanzhou county, Guangxi) and governs seven counties and four Hou countries. These seven counties are: Lingling (now Quanzhou, Xing 'an and Guanyang in Guangxi), Yingdao (now ningyuan county), Lingdao (now Ningyuan and Xintian), Shi 'an (now Guilin, Lingui, Yangshuo, Lingchuan, Yongfu and Yongning in Guangxi), Yingpu (now a part of Daoxian and Jiangyong) and Tao Yang. 4. Houguo is Quanling (now lengshuitan, Shan Zhi, Qiyang, Qidong, Dongan and Shuangpai), Douliang (now Dongkou, Wugang, Suining and Chengbu), Fuyi (now Shaoyang and Xinning) and Fuling (now Ningyuan, Xintian and Qiyang). In the fifth year of Yuanfeng (before 106), there were states in the county, and Lingling County belonged to Jingzhou.

During the Xin Mang Dynasty, Lingling County was renamed Jiuben County, and its jurisdiction remained unchanged. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, the name of the county was changed to Lingling County, and it was moved to Quanling (at the north 1 km of Shan Zhi District, Yongzhou City), and its jurisdiction was also expanded. In addition to the original seven counties and three Hou (Fuling Hou merged into Lingdao County), there are also Xiangxiang County (now Xiangxiang and Shuangfeng), Zhaoyang County (now Shaodong County) and Yangxuan County (now Hengyang County), and * * * counts as eight counties and five Hou. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Biao, a priest in Jingzhou, captured Lingling in the third year of Jian 'an (198), and Lingling County belonged to Liu Biao's sphere of influence. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), after Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei led Jingzhou Animal Husbandry on behalf of Liu Biao, and Lingling County belonged to Liu Bei's sphere of influence.

During the Three Kingdoms period, in the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei died and Lingling County entered Soochow. During the period of Sun Wu, the area of Lingling County began to decrease. In the first year of Ganlu (265), it was located in the southwest of Lingling County, and now Guilin, Lingui, Yangshuo, Xing 'an, Lingchuan, Yongning and Yongfu in Guangxi were separated from Lingling County. In the first year of Baoding (266), Yangying County was located in the south of Lingling County, and Yingpu County ruled (now Daoxian County); In the north, Douliang, Fuyi and Zhaoyang are located in Zhaoling County; At the same time, Xiangxiang, Zhong 'an (formerly Zhongwu) and Zhenyang were included in Hengyang County. At this point, Lingling County governs six counties: Quanling (now part of lengshuitan, Shan Zhi, Dong 'an and Shuangpai), Qiyang (now Qiyang County), Yongchang (now Qidong County), Lingling (now quanzhou county, Guangxi), Tao Yang (now Quanzhou and Ziyuan County, Guangxi) and Guanyang (now Guanyang County, Guangxi). Angelababy county governs Yingpu, Yingdao, Fuling and Lingdao.

In the first year of Taikang in the Western Jin Dynasty (280), Yang Ying County was abandoned and entered Lingling County. In the first year of Yongjia (307), Xiangzhou was established, and Lingling County belonged to Xiangzhou. During the Yonghe period of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (345 ~ 356), Lingling County was restored to Angelababy County. In the 12th year of Yixi (4 17), Lingling and Yangying counties belonged to Jingzhou. In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Tian Liang was governor for fourteen years (5 15) and changed Yangying County to Yongyang County; Chen changed Yongyang County to Yongyang County in Yingzhou.

In the ninth year of Emperor Kai of Sui Dynasty (589), Lingling and Liangxian were abolished, and the Yongzhou General Government was established. The area was larger than Lingling and Liangxian, and Xiemu and Fengcheng were included in the county. In the fifth year of Daye (607), Yongzhou was changed to Lingling County. Jurisdiction over Lingling (now lengshuitan, Shan Zhi, Qiyang, Qidong, Dong 'an and Shuangpai), xiang yuan (now Quanzhou, Resources and Guanyang in Guangxi), Yongyang (now Daoxian and Jiangyong), Yingdao (now Ningyuan, Xintiandi and Qiyang) and Fengcheng (now Jianghua and fuchuan county in Guangxi). At the end of Sui Dynasty, filial piety changed Yingdao County to Liangxing County.

In the fourth year of Tang Wude (62 1), Lingling County was abandoned and divided into Yongzhou and Yingzhou. Wude five years, Yingzhou changed to Nanyingzhou. In the eighth year of Zhenguan (634), Yingzhou was changed to Daozhou. In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan, Daozhou was merged into Yongzhou. In the second year of Shangyuan (675), Daozhou was restored. In the first year of Kaibao (742), Yongzhou was changed to Lingling County, Yongzhou, and the diverted state was Jianghua County, Daozhou. In 767, in the second year of Dali, Yongzhou governed Lingling, Qiyang, xiang yuan and Guanyang counties (Xiangyuan County, now Guanyang County, Guangxi); Daozhou governs five counties: Hongdao (formerly Yingpu County, now Daoxian County), Tang Yan (formerly Yingdao County, now ningyuan county), Jianghua (now Jianghua County), Yongming (formerly Yongyang County, now Jiangyong County) and Dali (now Ningyuan, Xintian and Qiyang).

In the Five Dynasties, in the second year of Tiancheng in the late Tang Dynasty (927), Ma Yin established the State of Chu, and both Yong and Dao belonged to Ma Chu's sphere of influence. In the first year of Guangshun in the late Zhou Dynasty (95 1), Chu was destroyed in the southern Tang Dynasty, and two states, Yongdao, entered the southern Tang Dynasty. After Zhou Shizong, Zhou Renfeng was appointed as our ambassador and assistant to Wu Jun, "doing his best", and Yongzhou and Daozhou belonged to Zhou Ren. In the second week, Tao Yang, xiang yuan and Guanyang in Yongzhou are located in the whole state. At this point, Yongzhou only governs Lingling and Qiyang counties. Daozhou still governs five counties, of which Tang Yan County was renamed Yan Xi County. Yongzhou and Daozhou are roughly equivalent to lengshuitan, Shan Zhi, Qiyang, Qidong, Dong 'an, Shuangpai, Daoxian, Ningyuan, Xintian, Jianghua and Jiangyong.

In the first year of Jianlong in Song Taizu (960), the whole country was divided into 13 roads, and Yong and Dao belonged to Jiangnan West Road. In the fifth year of Chunhua (994), it was changed to Jinghu Road. Daozhi three years (997), changed to Jinghu South Road. The jurisdiction and county names of the two States have changed. In the third year of Gande (965), Yan Xi County was renamed ningyuan county. Dali County was abolished and merged into ningyuan county. In the first year of Yongxi (984), Donganchang (formerly Angelababy County) was promoted to Dongan County. Up to now, Yongzhou has jurisdiction over Lingling, Qiyang and Dongan counties, while Daozhou has jurisdiction over Yingdao, Ningyuan, Yongming and Jianghua counties.

The Yuan Dynasty established a provincial system, which consisted of provinces (prefectures) and counties. Lingling County in Yongzhou and Jianghua County in Daozhou were renamed Yongzhou Road and Daozhou Road respectively, and they were under the jurisdiction of Hunan Road in Huguanghang Province.

In the Ming Dynasty, roads were changed to official roads. Yongzhou Road and Daozhou Road were renamed Yongzhou House and Daozhou House, respectively, belonging to Huguangxing Province. In the ninth year of Hongwu (1376), Daozhou Prefecture was reduced to Daozhou, belonging to Yongzhou Prefecture. In the same year, Huguang Province was changed to Huguang Chengxuan Political Department, and Yongzhou Prefecture was subordinate to it. In the twelfth year of Chongzhen (1639), Xintianbao, which is far from Ningyuan, was located in Xintian County. So far, Yongzhou has jurisdiction over 1 state 7 counties, namely Daozhou, Lingling, Qiyang, Dongan, Ningyuan, Jiangyong, Jianghua and Xintian.

In the first year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1644), Huguang was divided into the left part and the right part of Huguang, and Yongzhou House was the right part of Huguang. In the third year of Kangxi (1664), Huguang Oil City was renamed as Hunan Province, and Yongzhou House belonged to Henggui Road, Hunan Province.

In the second year of the Republic of China (19 13), the diverted state was Dao county. In 3 years, Henggui Road was changed to Hengyang Road, and Yongzhou belonged to Hengyang Road. 1 1 year, the highway in Hunan province was cancelled, and only the provincial and county levels were reserved. In 16, Lingling, Ningyuan, Guiyang, Qiyang, Xintian and Changning were located in Yangming County.

In 20 years, Yangming County was revoked. In 26 years of the Republic of China, Hunan Province was divided into administrative supervision areas, and counties in Yongzhou belonged to the ninth administrative supervision area. In 29 years of the Republic of China, Hunan Province adjusted the administrative supervision area, and the counties belonging to the original ninth administrative supervision area were changed to the seventh administrative supervision area. On the eve of the founding of New China, the Seventh Administrative Supervision Area of Hunan Province had jurisdiction over Lingling, Qiyang, Dong 'an, Daoxian, Ningyuan, Jiangyong, Jianghua and Xintian.

During the periods of 1949, 10 ~ 1 1 month, Yongzhou counties were liberated one after another, and 1 month Yongzhou Special Zone was formally established. 1950 In May, Yongzhou area was renamed Lingling area. 1952165438+10, Hengyang, Lingling and Chenzhou were merged into the southern Hunan administrative region. 1In July, 954, Xiangnan Administrative Region was abolished, and all counties belonging to the original Lingling District, except Xintian, were assigned to Chenxian District, and all other counties were assigned to Hengyang District. 1955165438+10 In October, Jianghua County implemented regional ethnic autonomy and was renamed Jianghua Yao Autonomous County. 1956 In March, Yongming County was renamed Jiangyong County. 1March, 959, Xintian County was merged into Guiyang County. 196 1 July, Xintian County resumed. 1June, 960, lengshuitan Town of Lingling County was upgraded to a county-level cold water beach city. 1962, 10, the city of Lengshuitan was abolished and changed to Lengshuitan District, which is still under the jurisdiction of Lingling County.

At the end of February 1962, Lingling area resumed. The Office of the Commissioner has set up a town in Lingling County (now Shan Zhi District), which governs Lingling, Dong 'an, Daoxian, Ningyuan, Jiangyong, Jianghua, Xintian and Lanshan. Qiyang and Qidong counties in the original Lingling area were placed under Hengyang area. In May, Lingling, Daoxian 1964, 12 commune and 9 state-owned forest farms were demarcated, and the Xiaoshui Forest District Administration was established. 1September 1968, Lingling area was changed to Lingling area. 1969 12. The Water Conservation Forest Administration was revoked and Shuangpai County was established. 1979, Dongfeng Town of Lingling County was renamed Yongzhou Town, which was directly led by the region. In June, 1982, 1, Yongzhou Town was changed to county-level Yongzhou City. 1February, 983, Qiyang County was once again placed under the jurisdiction of Lingling District. 1June, 984, Lingling county was abolished and county-level Lengshuitan city was restored. Six districts of the former Lingling County, such as Youtingwei, Lingjiaotang, Fujiaqiao, Shuikoushan, Zhushan and Huangtianpu, and the border bridge township in the Chujiang Wei District were placed under the jurisdiction of Yongzhou City. Chujiangwei, Huangyang Temple, Puriqiao, lengshuitan and other four districts and Baitang Township of the postal kiosk are under the jurisdiction of Lengshuitan City. So far, Lingling has jurisdiction over two cities, namely Yongzhou and lengshuitan, and nine counties, namely Qiyang, Dong 'an, Shuangpai, Daoxian, Ningyuan, Jiangyong, Jianghua, Xintian and Lanshan.

1995165438+1October 2 1 day the State Council replied to the Hunan provincial people's government by letter [1995]1kloc-0/0, agreeing to cancel Lingling District and Yongzhou City at the county level. The original county-level Yongzhou City was renamed as Shan Zhi District, and the original Lengshuitan City was renamed as Lengshuitan District. Yongzhou City, a prefecture-level city, has jurisdiction over 9 counties in Lingling District and two districts in Shan Zhi and lengshuitan, and the Municipal Party Committee and Municipal People's Government are located in Shan Zhi District. 1From July to August, 1997, the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal People's Government successively moved to Lengshuitan District.