How did Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals gather hundreds of schools? What is its purpose?

Thank you for your invitation and questions. "How did Lv Chunqiu collect hundreds of theories? Why did the author do this? " Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals was an important ideological and academic work before Qin Shihuang unified China. Although this book was written after Qin Shihuang unified China, the starting line was a little ahead of schedule. Qin Shihuang not only did not run from this starting line, but also completely dismantled it.

Fortunately, after the demise of the Qin Dynasty, the starting line of the Han Dynasty started entirely from Lu Chunqiu. Also ran out of a powerful and prosperous Han empire in the history of the world.

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is a masterpiece compiled by collecting 3000 guests scattered in six countries.

It was completed around 239 BC, on the eve of Qin's unification of the six countries. The political struggle between countries is very complicated and changeable, and Qin is an offensive force, which poses a great threat to the six countries.

At this time, Lv Buwei was named Wen Xin Hou by King Qin Xiang, and has been in the position of Prime Minister for 10 years. He assisted the king of Qin for six years and led the government for two years.

Therefore, Lv Buwei's political ambition is also ambitious, as if his political life had just begun. Therefore, he accelerated the introduction of his own political thoughts and ideas, with the intention of making the Qin Empire as long as the Zhou Dynasty and as ideal as the legendary Yao and Shun.

Since he became prime minister, he has imitated Wei Xin, Chu Chun, Zhao Qi and Corporal, made friends and wrote books, determined to surpass their good names.

So he attracted celebrities from all over the world to his door to show their magical power.

These guests come from different academic schools, and they have their own theories to recommend. Therefore, a book on Taoism, Confucianism, law, Mohism, military strategists, farmers, strategists, yin and yang scholars and other knowledge was formed.

The core idea of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is Taoism's inaction and Confucianism's benevolent governance and great harmony.

Based on Taoism, the book adheres to the code of conduct of inaction and locates the value scale with Confucian ethics.

On the basis of this ideological norm and value scale, it selectively absorbs and softens other schools, thus forming a complete theoretical system of state governance.

The content of this theory is almost incompatible with the political norms of Qin State since Shang Yang's political reform.

Therefore, Qin Shihuang did not follow his theory, but chose the thoughts of politicians with legalist tendencies such as Li Si and Liao Wei.

10, Lv Buwei did something for the strength of Qin in the position of prime minister, but he still didn't understand what kind of talent Qin Shihuang had when he was only two years old.

Let's take a look at three major events in the state of Qin one year after Lv Buwei finished the Spring and Autumn Annals of Lushi:

The first thing is that Qin's younger brother often became Gao and rebelled in Tunliu to surrender Zhao. This is obviously a premeditated political rebellion.

The second thing is that Lao Ai was made a long letter.

The third thing is the formal compilation of Lv Chunqiu.

According to historical records, the rebellion got the support of generals and soldiers, and got the cooperation of Zhao. It should be a long-planned coup. However, Qin Shihuang eliminated the coup.

It was the leader Lao Ai who put down the rebellion, so Lao Ai was appointed as the leader by Qin.

But the rebellion launched by Lao Ai, who was extremely self-expanding, was also shattered by Qin Shihuang.

This year, Lv Buwei's Lu Chunqiu, with Taoism as its core value, came out. Seems to be the greatest irony of Lv Buwei.

Qin is a country that advocates legalism. From Qin Xiaogong's Shang Yang to Qin Shihuang's pro-government, the "monarchical centralization system" initiated by the State of Qin, with Legalism as the mainstay and Mohism as the supplement, has the absolute upper hand.

Qin is also considered as the most powerful country among the seven countries because of its military strength. When the hegemony of the Seven Chivalries was still going on, the strategy of governing the country by Taoism and Confucianism obviously did not meet the requirements of the development stage of Qin's development path.

Lv Buwei, on the other hand, wanted to lead the strategy of governing the State of Qin to a road dominated by Taoism and Confucianism. This is bound to be an unrealistic fantasy.

So, you see, in "The Book of Departing Guests", Li Si praised Shang Yang from filial piety to Qin Shihuang, Zhang Yi from Wang Hui, and Fan Ju from Zhao Xiang, but did not mention what contribution Lv Buwei made during the reign of King Zhuang Xiang and before Qin Wangzheng ascended the throne.

However, Lv Buwei is really a talented person. He has a good eye. As a businessman, he invested in politics, but he didn't vote for the wrong person. From wealthy businessmen to political stars.

Therefore, since he became a politician in Qin State, he made a detailed investigation and study on the politics of Qin State, and found nine major drawbacks of some systems in Qin State.

Out of great ambition to reform the political concept of Qin State, Lv Buwei was determined to use his relative power to rectify and adjust the political system of Qin State at the beginning of Qin King's rule.

Since we want to correct and adjust the existing strategy of governing the country and the state system, we must make drastic changes. If you don't occupy the ideological and public opinion positions, others will. As a result, a well-planned 200,000-word masterpiece "Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals" came into being.

This book is mainly based on Confucianism, Taoism, Ming, Fa, Mo, Agriculture, Military, Yin and Yang, etc.

An important purpose of Lv Buwei's Spring and Autumn Annals is to create a public opinion that conforms to its ideal after the unification of Daqin.

In order to promote the Spring and Autumn Annals of Lushi, Lv Buwei also wrote the contents of the book on cloth, published it at the gates of Xianyang, offered a reward of 1,000 yuan to hang on it, and invited tourists from all over the world. Whoever can add or delete a word will be rewarded with a thousand dollars.

However, perhaps everyone is afraid of power, perhaps "Lu Chunqiu" is really impeccable, and no one can get 1000 yuan in the end.

Two years later, in 237 BC 10, Qin Shihuang dismissed Lv Buwei as prime minister.

Lv Buwei's 3,000 diners in several countries heard that Lv Buwei was deposed by Qin Shihuang, and some people came out to persuade Qin Shihuang to intercede with Lv Buwei. Mao Jiao's advice is one of them.

The King of Qin greeted Empress Zhao and asked her to return to Xianyang, but he drove Lv Buwei out of the capital and moved to a fief in Henan.

After more than a year, guests from various vassal states came to meet Luoyang, the fief of Lv Buwei. The king of Qin was afraid that he would launch a rebellion, so he wrote to Lv Buwei and said, "What contribution have you made to the State of Qin? Qin named you Luoyang, Henan, with 100,000 households. What is your blood relationship with the king of Qin? It is called Guanzhong. You and your family are moving to Shu! " Lv Buwei thought he was being persecuted gradually, fearing that he would be killed even if he went to Shu in the future, so he committed suicide by drinking, ending his legendary life from a businessman to a politician.

The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lushi, hosted by Lv Buwei, is also called Lu Lan. Although it didn't play any political role in the Qin Dynasty, even Lv Buwei's life was involved.

However, after the demise of the Qin Dynasty, it played an important role in the Han Dynasty and became an important ideological basis for governing the country. Sima Qian's Records of the Historian and Liu An's Huai Nan Zi both highly praised Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals, which were the main political and ideological theories at the beginning of the founding of the Western Han Dynasty.

It can be said that Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals has been highly valued in all previous dynasties. In addition to the Han Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty also attached great importance to Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, and regarded it as a good book for governing the country and keeping the country safe.

Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals was compiled by Qin Prime Minister Lv Buwei on the eve of Qin Shihuang's unification of China. Basically realized the integration of a hundred schools of thought contending, covering all aspects of social life at that time. It is an all-encompassing encyclopedia.

Qin made the country rich and strong through Shang Yang's political reform. Although Shang Yang died of a car crack, the legalist thought of governing the country remained intact. On the eve of the reunification of Qin, Taoism, Confucianism, Yin and Yang, Mohism and other thoughts coexist in the world. As the prime minister of Qin, he actually saw the disadvantages and harshness of legalism in governing the country. As an outstanding political strategist, I also saw that Qin's concept of governing the country also needs to be changed, especially after the great cause of reunification is about to be completed.

Later, we also know that Qiang Qin died in 15 after reunification, which was related to his tyranny. Lv Buwei just wanted to collect the opinions of hundreds of schools to influence the King of Qin and change his thoughts on governing the country. Many books were burned for burying Confucian scholars, but Lv Chunqiu was compiled by Guo Xiang and also protected. However, Legalism was deeply rooted in Qin State, and the King of Qin did not adopt his thought of governing the country with Taoism as the main body, which was also the reason for the rapid demise of Qin State.

In a word, Lv Buwei compiled Lv Chunqiu for two main reasons. One is to gain a good name and preserve it for future generations; the other is to use Taoism and Confucianism to influence the king of Qin, change the tyranny of Qin and ease the domestic contradictions after reunification.

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals, also known as Lu Lan, is the first anthology in the history of China, which is based on Confucianism and Taoism, taking the strengths of each school and discarding the weaknesses of each school. Under the auspices of Premier Qin, it was compiled by a group of scholars.

It turned out to be a businessman. He made great contributions and helped win an alien who was taken hostage in Zhao. After the alien succeeded to the throne as the king of Qin Zhuang, he was appointed as the prime minister of Qin. Lv Buwei has always been good at strategy and attached great importance to literary talents, so he recruited scholars and gave them generous treatment, with as many as 3,000 people. Lv Buwei has no conditions to write a book, but he deeply realized that writing a book can be famous all over the world, spread to future generations and go down in history forever. Therefore, he realized his ambition and wish with the help of a bachelor of arts who is good at dancing and writing. In 239 BC, Lv Buwei attached great importance to the articles written by him, and selected experts to screen, classify, sort out, delete and synthesize them into a book, named Lv Chunqiu, and boasted that this book was a wonderful book covering "heaven and earth, everything, ancient and modern". Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is a large-scale work, which absorbs a lot of Taoist theory of emptiness and inaction and Confucian theory of benevolence and righteousness, and applies it to the political idea of being a monarch. Using Confucian ethics to locate the value scale, accepting Mohism's view of justice, famous experts' reasoning logic, Legalism's skill of governing the country, as well as the change of military tactics and the pursuit of farmers' geographical position, a complete theory of state governance has been formed. Although this book uses a variety of theories, it is reasonable to adopt different viewpoints. In the history of management thought, China's ancient myths, legends and fables have special academic value and important position.

I want to talk about my personal views on the topic of Lu Chunqiu. Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is a pre-Qin ancient book compiled during the Warring States Period, which belongs to Miscellaneous Materials of the Ministry of Finance. Mainly based on historical narrative, the academic tendency is not obvious, and it has certain political meaning and tendency.

First, the historical background of writing Lv Chunqiu

At the end of the Warring States period, Qin was located to the west of Qishan. Affected by geographical location and other factors, it is different from the six eastern countries. Its folk customs are tough, it advocates martial arts, and its ideology and culture are quite backward. During the Warring States Period, none of hundred schools of thought was cultivated on the land of Qin. Although the state of Qin has a strong national strength and many warriors, there is a shortage of scholars.

With the success of the plan of "one thing can live in, and a thousand dollars can buy the country", Lv Buwei helped different people to ascend to the throne, and he also became the prime minister of Qin State under one person and above ten thousand people. When he first came to power, the signs of world unification were very obvious. Lv Buwei has been thinking about how to govern the country after the unification of the world. He believes that people and things have their own strengths and weaknesses, and only by being good at absorbing and using the strengths of others to make up for their own weaknesses can they win the world. Therefore, he made up his mind to organize a wide range of talents and guests, give full play to the strengths of each family, write a book, and write a masterpiece of Lu Chunqiu (or Lu Lan), a sage in the pre-Qin period. The book is divided into eight views, six theories and twelve dynasties, with more than 200,000 words.

This is the first political treatise in the history of China, which is edited by the chief editor, purposefully, systematically and collectively.

Second, the sage "mixed a hundred schools of thought and theories."

Before The Spring and Autumn Annals of Lu was published, many works contended by a hundred schools of thought had been published and spread all over the world. As Prime Minister, Lv Buwei is a man with strategic vision. He realized that the backward orientation of talents is crucial to the success or failure of a country! From Dongzhao, of course, he understood that Qin was not dominant in the competition for talents, so he wanted to make up for the lack of Qin culture by recruiting scholars extensively. Of course, he also has the intention of attracting talents to expand his influence. How did he "gather hundreds of families as his home"?

Lv Buwei realized that it is flawed to govern the country only from the viewpoint of a certain faction. Therefore, he appeared as a sage and put forward the political strategy of "accepting hundreds of schools", especially advocating the integration of Confucianism and law to facilitate rule and management. The people who participated in the compilation came from all directions, injected the views of various schools, and did not mechanically copy the original views of Confucianism, France, Taoism, agriculture, soldiers and Yin and Yang. But also according to the political needs at that time. Legalists' cultivation of the rule of law, Confucianism's courtesy and benevolence, Taoism's inaction, Mohism's benevolence and thrift, Yin and Yang's current politics, and the names of famous scholars are all integrated into one furnace, forming a fairly complete political theory system that meets the needs of "great unity." Under the premise of being conducive to the centralized rule of the monarch, we should not respect one faction, try our best to surpass other schools, integrate hundreds of schools, and include all useful ideas, strategies and technologies.

Ban Gu, a historian of Han Dynasty, called Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals "the method of combining Confucianism and Mohism", and this genre is unique.

In this sense, the compilation and publication of Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals is really a great pioneering work in China's ideological and cultural history. However, Lv Buwei was born as a businessman and started from political speculation, so he was criticized by later generations. However, judging from the ruling effect of Lv Buwei, perhaps the unique background of businessman background is the reason for his political and ideological achievements. He has traveled around the world for a long time. He is well-informed and can deal with all kinds of people in society. Only in this way can we accommodate hundreds of families and have few narrow views.

Unfortunately, due to the irreconcilable contradiction between Lv Buwei and the King of Qin, Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals was snubbed by the victory. Qin still rules the country with strict laws. Although it unified the world, it was only a flash in the pan and quickly disintegrated in just fifteen years.

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Lv Buwei took a hundred schools of thought as his own responsibility to organize the compilation of Lv Chunqiu: First, consolidate his dominant position; Second, lay the foundation for Qin to unify the world from the aspects of ideology, culture and talents.

The problem is solved so far, and the level is limited. Please correct me if there are any shortcomings!

As the prime minister of Qin, Lv Buwei was in power for some time. There are 3,000 guests under the door, and many people can dance and write.

Lv Buwei asked his disciples to write out what they had learned and thought, and handed it over to several experts for sorting out and standardizing. He took the Taoist theory of Huang Lao as the program, and was compatible with hundreds of theories such as Confucianism, France and Mohism, and finally formed Lv Chunqiu.

Lv Buwei compiled Lv Chunqiu for three purposes.

1. fame. Lv Buwei was born a businessman. Although he is good at governing the country, he has never been a deep-rooted scholar politician. It is rumored that he and Ying Zheng are having an affair and have a bad reputation. At that time, the trend of writing books was very popular, and Lv Buwei naturally wanted to make a book to make himself famous. Therefore, after the book "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals" was completed, it also left a story that is hard to buy.

2. power. Ideological work is extremely important. When compiling Lv Chunqiu, Lv Buwei used his power to unify the national ideology. Like ideology, nature is a faction and will naturally safeguard the interests of this faction. As the head of the faction, its position will be more stable and its power will be stronger.

Regardless of Lv Buwei's intentions, he preserved a precious ancient book for later generations, from which we can get a glimpse of the academic thought in the pre-Qin period.

How did Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals gather hundreds of schools? What is its purpose?

Lv Buwei was a famous figure in Qin at the end of the Warring States Period. In his early years, he did business in Yangzhai, helping the proton expatriates of Qin to return to China and acceded to the throne. Become the king of Qin Zhuang Xiang, worship as the prime minister, seal a letter, and eat 100 thousand households in Luoyang, Henan Province. Send troops to attack next week, Zhao and Wei, and set up Sanchuan County, Taiyuan County and Dongjun County respectively, which made great contributions to the cause of Ying Zheng, king of Qin, annexing the six countries. After the death of King Zhuang Xiang, he welcomed Prince Ying Zheng to the throne, worshipped him as the prime minister, and respected him as the "Guanzhong", ruling the world.

During the Warring States Period, Wei You Xinlingjun, Chu Youchunshen, Zhao Youping Yuan and Qi Youmeng Taste were all famous heroes with many guests. Considering that Qin was so powerful, he accepted public servants and treated corporal with courtesy, and gave them better welfare treatment. Lv Buwei began to attract civil servants. At that time, the state of Qin was like a cloud with strong military strength. Lv Buwei doesn't think it is necessary to train people who can fight. Lv Buwei was good at strategy all his life, so he accepted talents and talented people. At that time, there were many eloquent people who wrote books and made statements, which were widely circulated, not only world-famous, but also we can see that Lv Buwei's goal, as the ancients said, was to become immortal, become virtuous, make contributions and make statements. What he wants is immortality!

Lv Buwei is a businessman with limited conditions, but with the help of these masters who are good at writing and writing, he can realize his ambitions and wishes. At that time, the vassal States were full of talents.

When everything was ready, Lv Buwei told everyone who could write, and everyone wrote down what they saw, heard and felt. No flowers, eight doors, four directions, everything in the world, promoting waste and controlling chaos, scholars, farmers and businessmen, and three religions and nine streams have all been discussed, so I found a master of articles, deleted them, edited them, and finally compiled a comprehensive book called Lv Chunqiu. The content of the article is logically arranged according to the natural changes of spring, summer, autumn and winter storage, which belongs to the arrangement of heaven and earth and weather, contains a hundred thoughts, and embodies the coincidence of Taoism and social governance. "Preface" says: "Those who lived in the Twelve Dynasties saved themselves from chaos, so they knew the good and bad luck of life and death." If you go to the heaven where you were slapped, the place where you were tried, and the person who was tried, if this is right or wrong, you can't hide everything. "

Although the schoolbag made by Lv Buwei is very utilitarian, it must be said that he has made great contributions to the inheritance of China culture.

This is Lv Buwei's political effort as a civilian of literati and Confucianism.

Lao Ai stepped onto the historical stage as a samurai Confucian scholar at that time.

Evonne, as a representative of Confucian civilians at that time, was still all-powerful under special circumstances, although he didn't even have a name.

In history, Lv Buwei is generally regarded as a representative figure of saints, and his sage thought is mainly the common people thought of Confucianism, supplemented by the aristocratic thought of Taoism.

The country he came from is Wei, mainly descendants of Yin merchants, who are generally good at doing business, so there is a famous business story of "strange goods can live in".

Why did Qin Shihuang have such a bad impression of Confucianism that he was blacklisted? It is because the Confucian scholars in Lv Buwei, the samurai Confucianism in Laoai and the lady Confucianism in Evonne formed a big net to prevent them from gaining power that they destroyed the bloody rebellion of the samurai Confucianism, suppressed the detachment of the Confucian scholars, and squeezed out the mother of the lady Confucianism before "burning books and burying Confucianism"!

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals was compiled by his disciples organized by the Prime Minister of Qin during the Warring States Period.

Lv Buwei was born in an unknown year and died in the 12th year of Qin Shihuang (235 BC). Lv Buwei, a native of Puyang (now southwest of Puyang, Henan), was originally a big businessman in Yangzhai (now Yuxian, Henan). When Qin Zhuang was king, he became prime minister and was named Wen Xin Hou. Later, he became the prime minister of Qin Shihuang and was called "Guan Zhong".

At the end of the warring States period, vassal States liked to recruit talented people and let them write books. It is believed that Qin is powerful and cannot lag behind in this respect. So, Lv Buwei let his more than 3,000 public figures know about it, and finally edited it into "Six Views on Eight Views in the Twelve Dynasties", with 26 volumes of * * *, 160 articles and more than 200,000 words. "In preparation for the ancient and modern events of heaven and earth, the number is" Lv Chunqiu ".

Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals was written by many people, with different ideas. Its ideological content is mainly Taoism and Confucianism. At the same time, it also adopts the theories of Mohism, Legalism, Peasants, Military strategists and famous artists, which have both the essence and the dross of each family.

The main purpose of Lv Buwei's compilation of Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals is to collect the theories of various factions in the Warring States at that time, and provide a powerful ideological weapon for Qin to unify the world and govern the country.

All the articles in Lv's Spring and Autumn Annals are short and pithy, with vivid stories and words, revealing sober events and profound philosophies.

I haven't seen it [covering my face]