Who can give an answer to the form of warlords in the late Western Han Dynasty?

The Green Forest Army [the fourth year of Tianfeng - the first year of Jianwu (AD 25)] was the largest and most important rebel army in the late New Dynasty.

At the end of the New Dynasty, the failure of Wang Mang’s New Deal intensified social conflicts. At that time, brothers Wang Kuang and Wang Feng, who were natives of Xinshi (now northeast of Beijing and Shandong Province in Hubei Province), often fought for the hungry people, so they won the support of the people in Xinshi area. In the fourth year of Tianfeng's reign, brothers Wang Kuang and Wang Feng gathered hungry people and launched an armed uprising. Based on Green Forest Mountain (now northeast of Dangyang, Hubei Province), they were called the "Green Forest Army". After the Green Forest Army uprising, the Jingzhou area responded one after another, and there were many followers. In the second year of the Emperor of the New Dynasty (AD 21), the Green Forest Army defeated the Jingzhou official army and killed the Zhou Mu, and the team expanded rapidly. There was a severe epidemic in Green Forest Mountain, so the rebel army divided and moved. They went all the way west to Nanjun and were called Xiating soldiers. They went all the way north to Nanyang and were called Xinshi soldiers and met up with another insurgent army, Pinglin soldiers. Among them, the new city soldiers took in Nanyang natives Liu Yan and Liu Xiu brothers. In the fourth year of Emperor Xindi (AD 23), the Green Forest Army established Liu Xuan, a clan member of the Western Han Dynasty, as emperor, restored the country's title of Han, and established the "Reformation" of the Yuan Dynasty. Then the Green Forest Army captured Kunyang (now Ye County, Henan Province), Dingling (now northeast of Wuyang, Henan Province), Linxian County (now Lincheng, Henan Province) and other places, and sent troops to attack Wancheng. Wang Mang then sent Wang Yi and Wang Xun to lead their troops to counterattack. , and the famous Battle of Kunyang broke out. In the end, Wang Xun was killed and the main force of the New Mang Army was eliminated. The Green Forest Army then divided into two groups to attack Luoyang and Wuguan. In the first year of Gengshi (AD 23), the Green Forest Army captured Chang'an and Wang Mang was killed. In October of the same year, Liu Xuan moved to Luoyang, the northern capital. At that time, the Red Eyebrow Army planned to join forces with Liu Xuan, but was rejected by Liu Xuan. The following year, after Liu Xuan moved his capital to Chang'an, internal strife broke out in the rebel army. Liu Xuan killed the generals of the uprising, and Wang Kuang and others were forced to lead the people to join the Red Eyebrow Army. At the same time, Liu Xuan mistakenly sent Liu Xiu to Hebei to appease other forces, but he finally let the tiger return. In the second year of Gengshi, the Red Eyebrow Army attacked the Gengshi regime in two groups. The following year, he joined forces with Hongnong (today's Lingbao North, Henan Province), and when he entered Huayin, he made Liu Penzi, a clan member of the Western Han Dynasty, emperor, with the title of Jianshi. In the third year of Gengshi (AD 25), the Red Eyebrow Army captured Chang'an. Liu Xuan surrendered and was soon strangled. The Green Forest Army has since been destroyed.

The Red Eyebrow Army [the fifth year of Tianfeng - the third year of Jianwu (AD 27)] was another large-scale uprising army in the late Xinmang period.

In the last years of Xinmang, there was a great famine in the world, especially in the Qingzhou area. In the fifth year of Tianfeng's reign, Fan Chong from Langya (now Zhucheng, Shandong) led more than 100 hungry people to revolt in Ju (now Ju County, Shandong). They received responses from hungry people in Qing, Xu (now eastern Shandong and northern Jiangsu) and other states, and the number grew to tens of thousands. people. They agreed that "those who kill will die, and those who injure others will be compensated for their injuries." Because they dyed their eyebrows red to avoid being confused with the rebels during battle, they were called the "Red Eyebrow Army". In the third year of Emperor Di Huang's reign (AD 22), Wang Mang sent his grand master Wang Kuang. (Wang Mang's nephew) and Gengshi General Lian Dan led more than 100,000 troops to suppress the Red Eyebrow Army, and were defeated by the Red Eyebrow Army in Chengchang (now southeast of Dongping, Shandong). Lian Dan died in battle. Later, the Red Eyebrow Army moved to fight in Yanzhou (now eastern Henan Province). In the first year of Gengshi, Fan Chong heard that the Green Forest Army had broken through Chang'an and wanted to join forces with them, but was unexpectedly rejected by Liu Xuan. Soon civil strife broke out in the Green Forest Army. Wang Kuang led his troops to flee and surrendered to the Red Eyebrow Army, which greatly increased the strength of the Red Eyebrow Army. In the second year of Gengshi, the Red Eyebrow Army attacked the Gengshi regime in two groups. The following year, he joined forces with Hongnong (today's Lingbao North, Henan Province), and when he entered Huayin, he made Liu Penzi, a clan member of the Western Han Dynasty, emperor, with the title of Jianshi. In the third year of Gengshi (AD 25), the Red Eyebrow Army captured Chang'an. Liu Xuan surrendered and was soon strangled. At this time, the powerful landlords in Guanzhong hid food and organized armed resistance. In the second year of Jianwu (AD 26), the Red Eyebrow Army withdrew from Chang'an due to lack of food. At the beginning of the next year, Fan Chong was besieged by Liu Xiu's troops in Xin'an (today's east of Mianchi, Henan) and Yiyang (today's Henan), and Fan Chong was forced to surrender to Liu Xiu. Soon, Fan Chong and others revolted again, but were immediately suppressed, and the Red Eyebrow Army was completely disintegrated.

Wang Changyi (? - 23 AD)

Wang Changyi, also known as Lang, was from Handan, Zhao State (now Handan, Hebei Province). He was originally a fortune teller. He once said that there was a king in Hebei Province. The anger (it should be on Liu Xiu in the end). When Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, he ran to Chang'an and claimed that he was the son of Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty. For some reason, he lived among the people, but was hunted down by Wang Mang's men. He successfully fled to Shu, and later moved to Danyang (now east of Zigui County, Hubei), Zhongshan (now Baoding, Hebei) and other places. Soon it was rumored that the Red Eyebrow Army was about to arrive in Hebei. Wang Changyi's close friends Wang Lin, Li Yu and others gathered a group of desperadoes, attacked and killed the Handan prefect, and made Wang Changyi the emperor. Wang Changyi proclaimed himself the emperor's son, sent out messages everywhere, appeased various tribes, and soon occupied northern Hebei, Liaodong and other places.

The next year, Liu Xiu came to Hebei. Liu Xiu was also a member of the Han clan and was very talented and prestigious. Soon Liu Xiu summoned some old officials from the local Han Dynasty to form an army. At first Liu Xiu went to attack Julu, but failed to capture it. His subordinate Geng Chun suggested directly attacking Handan, Wang Changyi's home base, so Liu Xiu led a surprise attack on Handan and surrounded it. Wang Lang tried to break through the encirclement several times without success. After more than twenty days of siege, Wang Lang's general Li Li revolted and opened the door to welcome Liu Xiu. Wang Lang was killed on the way to escape. Soon, all of Hebei was occupied by Liu Xiu and became the foundation of his empire.

Liu Xiu (6 BC - 57 AD)

Liu Xiu was the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with the courtesy name Uncle Wen. A native of Caiyang, Nanyang (now southwest of Zaoyang, Hubei Province), he was the ninth grandson of Liu Bang, the great ancestor of the Han Dynasty. His father Qin once served as the Nandun Order. The temple name is Shizu, and his posthumous title is Emperor Guangwu. Because Liu Xiu once suppressed and incorporated the old troops of the Bronze Horse Rebel Army as his main force, later generations also called him the "Bronze Horse Emperor".

In the fourth year of Xinmang Tianfeng's reign, the Red Eyebrow and Green Forest uprising broke out, and the whole country responded. In the third year of Emperor Di Huang's reign (AD 22), Liu Xiu and his brother rebelled in Chongling (now south of Zaoyang, Hubei Province) to restore the rule of the Liu surname and formed the "Chongling Army". Because of its weak strength, it was difficult to resist the pursuit of the government troops, so it had no choice but to defect to the Green Forest Army heading north. At that time, the generals of the rebel army only cared about killing people and stealing goods, and they were no different from bandits. Liu Xiu, on the other hand, donated all the property he received to the poor people and lower-class soldiers nearby without taking any of it himself, so he was very popular among the soldiers.

In the fourth year of Emperor Di Huang's reign, the rebel army supported Liu Xuan as emperor and stationed in Kunyang City. Soon, Wang Yi and Wang Xun led more than 400,000 people (the author suspects that the number is exaggerated, or it is a complete mob. Among them, the regular army will not exceed 100,000) to attack the Green Forest Army. The new army sang triumphantly at first and soon reached Kunyang. At that time, the main force of the Green Forest Army was attacking Wancheng (now Nanyang, Henan), and there were only ten thousand people in Kunyang City. Most of the generals in Kunyang at that time did not dare to fight and intended to retreat. However, Liu Xiu defied all opinions and advocated holding on, and waited for an opportunity to join forces with the rebels outside the city to attack the new army. The generals finally agreed with Liu Xiu's idea, so they decided to let Wang Feng, Wang Chang and others lead the troops to defend the city. Liu Xiu, Li Yi and others were sent to lead 13 horses out of the city at night and rushed to Lin County and Dingling to mobilize reinforcements.

Wang Yi, Wang Xun and others led the Xinmang army to swarm Kunyang City and surrounded it. At this time, Yan You, who had fought against the Green Forest Army and knew its power, suggested to Wang Yi: "Kunyang City is easy to defend but difficult to attack, and the main force of the Gengshi Peasant Army is in the Wancheng area. Our army should bypass Kunyang and quickly attack Rush to Wancheng and defeat the main force of the Gengshi Army there first, and then Kunyang City can be captured without a fight." However, Wang Yi and others relied on their strength and refused to listen to this appropriate advice, insisting on capturing Kunyang first. Then attack and reform the main force of the peasant army. So he used all his troops to form more than a hundred camps and stormed Kunyang. He also arrogantly threatened: "We have millions of troops, and everything we have done should be destroyed. Now we will slaughter this city, march forward with blood, sing and dance, don't worry about it!" So more than 400,000 Wangyi troops took turns to attack Kunyang City, and Dig tunnels, build cloud cars, and attempt to win by force. The Kunyang defenders had no other way out, so they relied on the support of the people in the city to join forces to resist and defend the dangerous city. They repelled Wang Yi's army's attacks many times and caused great attrition and frustration to the enemy.

At the same time, after Liu Xiu and others arrived at Dingling and Lin County, they persuaded the garrison generals who were unwilling to send troops, and on the first day of June, they led more than 10,000 infantry and cavalry troops to rush to the aid of Kunyang. At this time, Wang Yi's army was exhausted from long battles and had lost all its vigor, which provided an opportunity for the Reform Army to defeat it. Liu Xiuqin led more than a thousand reinforcements on foot and cavalry as the vanguard, and formed a formation two or three kilometers away from Wang Yi's army, preparing for battle. Wang Yi, Wang Xun and others relied on their strong military strength and were arrogant and underestimated the enemy, so they only sent thousands of people to fight. Liu Xiu led his troops to attack bravely, charging repeatedly and killing dozens of Wang Yi's troops on the spot. He won the first battle and greatly boosted morale. Immediately afterwards, Liu Xiu seized on the weakness of the new army general Wang Yi's blind arrogance and lack of defense against the rebels, and launched a surprise attack on his main tent. Wang Yi originally had an absolute advantage in military strength, but he did not trust other generals and was afraid of damaging the military formation, so he ordered other armies to defend their own territory, while he and Wang Xun led ten thousand people to fight against Liu Xiu's charge, which was in vain. The advantage in force was lost. As a result, Wang Yi's headquarters was severely defeated by Liu Xiu. At the same time, the rebels in Kunyang City also rushed out and attacked from both inside and outside. The entire New Army was wiped out, and both Wang Yi and Wang Xun became victims of the sword.

After the Battle of Kunyang, the rebel army attacked Chang'an and killed Wang Mang. Emperor Gengshi then made Luoyang his eastern capital. Liu Xuan regarded Liu Xiu as a great scholar of the Western Han Dynasty, so he appointed him as the order of Luoyang.

Liu Xiu was very successful in abolishing the old and establishing the new in Luoyang, which won the respect of the gentry and people of Luoyang. However, internal strife broke out soon after the reform regime. His brother Liu Yan and a group of important officials were killed, and Wang Kuang and others fled to join the Red Eyebrow Army. Liu Xiu was temporarily spared because he was in Luoyang, far away from the center of the storm. But Emperor Gengshi was still suspicious of Liu Xiu. For this reason, Liu Xiu had to endure the humiliation and go to Chang'an to express his loyalty to Liu Xuan. Because Liu Xiu was usually low-key, cautious, and very humble, Liu Xuan spared his life but placed him under house arrest in Chang'an.

Soon, Wang Changyi claimed to be emperor in Hebei and openly opposed the reform regime. Liu Xuan wanted to send troops to attack, but Liu Xiu persuaded him that since the civil strife had just ended, it was not appropriate to use troops, so he could recruit troops first. Liu Xuan thought it was reasonable and adopted this suggestion. Liu Xiu took the opportunity to recommend himself as an envoy and went to recruit people. Liu Xuan was moved by Liu Xiu's words, so he accepted his authority and ordered him to go to Hebei as an ambassador. This was a turning point in Liu Xiu's political career. It enabled Liu Xiu to get rid of Liu Xuan's control and become independent, which became the beginning of his lifelong career. After Liu Xiu arrived in Hebei, he used Liu Xuan's name to recruit the Bronze Horse Army, which was very powerful at the time. Soon Liu Xiu defeated Wang Lang and other small warlords and unified most of Hebei. After Liu Xuan heard about this, he was afraid that Liu Xiu would be proud of himself by supporting his troops, so he sent an envoy to confer him the title of King Xiao and order him to return to the country. However, Liu Xiu refused and broke with the reform regime. In June of the third year of Gengshi (25th year), Liu Xiu became the emperor (Emperor Guangwu) in Hanan (now Baixiang, Hebei). He continued to use the title of Han Dynasty and regarded this year as the first year of Jianwu. Soon, Liu Xiu sent the famous general Deng Yu to attack Luoyang and established his capital here. In the third year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu defeated Liu Yong and eliminated the largest separatist force in Guandong. In the next two years, Zhang Bu, Peng Chong and other forces were eliminated one after another, and Guandong was unified. At this time, the main forces in the world were Dou Rong in Hexi, Weixiao in Longxi, and Gongsun Shu in the separatist state of Bashu. Liu Xiu relied on his charisma to successfully recruit Dou Rong, and Hexi was settled without a fight. In the sixth year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu launched the Western Expedition. At first, the Han army was defeated by Wei Xiao, who was waiting for work. However, Liu Xiu used his good political skills to successfully divide and disintegrate Kaixiao's army, and finally won a decisive victory against Kaixiao in Lueyang (now southwest of Zhuanglang County, Gansu). In the first month of the ninth year of Jianwu (33rd year), Wei Xiao was defeated and died. In October of the following year, Hanzhong completely eliminated the remaining forces of Kaixiao in Luomen (now northeast of Wushan, Gansu) and pacified Longxi. Soon he went south to attack Gongsun Shu. Gongsun Shu took advantage of the geographical advantage and resisted for three years. On November 17, the twelfth year of Jianwu, the Han army general Wu Han killed Gongsun Shu outside Chengdu. The next morning, the exhausted Gongsun Shu tribe general Yancen surrendered in the city. At this point, Liu Xiu completely pacified Bashu and won the final victory in the unification war.

Liu Yong (? - 27 AD)

Liu Yong was a native of Suiyang, Liangjun (now Shangqiu, Henan), and the eighth grandson of King Xiao of Liang. The country was passed down to the father. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty, he established a relationship with the Wei family of Emperor Ping's family, and was executed by Wang Mang.

At first Liu Yong was on the run and also participated in the rebel army. After the establishment of the Gengshi regime, Liu Yong went to Luoyang to meet Liu Xuan, and was granted the title of King of Liang by Liu Xuan. In the second year of the Gengshi period, civil strife broke out in Chang'an. Yong heard about the political chaos in Gengshi, so he took over the country and raised troops. He appointed his younger brother Liu Fang as the auxiliary general of the country and was granted the title of King of Lu. Then he recruited heroes from Pei such as Zhou Jian and others, and appointed them as generals, and captured Qiyin, Shanyin, Pei, Chu, Huaiyang, and Runan (roughly all in the southeast of Henan and northern Jiangsu), and captured twenty-eight cities. . He also sent an envoy to worship Shanyang Jiaoqiang, the commander of the Western Guard Bandits, as General Hengxing. At that time, Dong Xian, a native of Donghai, raised troops to occupy his county, and Zhang Bu also settled the Qi territory. Yong sent envoys to pay homage to the generals of the Han Dynasty, Xianyi Han, and the generals of the Bufu Han Dynasty. They joined forces with the Japanese army and established exclusive control over the east. When he was defeated, he would always call himself the emperor. As a result, it became the largest separatist force in Kanto.

In the summer of the second year of Jianwu (AD 26), Liu Xiu sent General Huya General Gai Yan and others to attack Yong. At that time, Su Mao, the rebellious general of the original Gengshi regime, came to surrender and was sent to fight with Gai Yan. However, there was a conflict between Sumao and Gai Yan over the dominance of the army. Su Mao then rebelled, killed the governor of Huaiyang, plundered several counties, took Guangle and served in Yong. Yong Yimao will be the Great Sima and King of Huaiyang. At that time, Liu Yong had an absolute numerical advantage in total military strength. However, because Liu Yong's regime was temporarily cobbled together by powerful powers from all over the country, there was a lack of coordination between them. The generals such as Dong Xian, Zhang Bu, etc. also supported the troops and respected themselves, and defied Liu Yongyang. At that time, Han troops were approaching the border, but Zhang Bu and others refused to send troops to rescue them because they were not directly threatened. For this reason, Liu Yong had no choice but to fight against Gai Yan with Su Mao and a few soldiers, but returned with a heavy defeat. Gai Yan then surrounded Suiyang and pulled it out for several months. Yong and his family fled to Yu. The Yu people rebelled and killed his mother and wife. Yong and dozens of his men had no choice but to flee. Sumao.

Jiaoqiang and Zhou Jian joined forces to rescue Yong, but were defeated by Gai Yan. Maoben returned to Guangle, Qiang and Jian left Yong to retreat to Huling.

In the spring of the third year of Jianwu, Liu Yong sent envoys to establish Zhang Bu as King of Qi and Dong Xian as King of Haixi in order to save the decline and maintain the shaky rule. As a result, instead of strengthening the loyalty of these people, it actually exacerbated the divisions in his own regime. Soon, Liu Xiu sent Grand Sima Wu Han and others to surround Su Mao in Guangle. Zhou Jian led his troops to rescue Mao, but Mao, Jian and others were defeated and abandoned the city and returned to Huling. At the same time, Liu Yong took advantage of Su Mao and others to hold back the main force of the Han army and sneaked back to Suiyang from Huling. The Suiyang people turned back to welcome Yong, so Liu Yong's army suddenly launched a north-south pincer attack on the Han army. However, due to lack of troops, Liu Yong had to defend the city and wait for reinforcements (at this time, he still had illusions about Zhang Bu and others). After Wu Han found out, he decisively terminated his pursuit of Su Mao and others, and instead united with the Gaiyan tribe of the Han army in the north to encircle Suiyang. Liu Yong held firm in Suiyang City for a hundred days, but reinforcements were delayed in arriving. Finally, the city ran out of food, and Liu Yong broke out and fled, with the Han army in hot pursuit. On the way, Liu Yong's general Qingwu suddenly killed Liu Yong and surrendered to the Han army with his head. Su Mao and Zhou Jian went to Chuihui (in present-day Anhui), and they established Yongzi Liu Yu as King of Liang. Jiaoqiang also protected the western defense.

In the autumn of the fourth year of Jianwu, Liu Xiu sent the captured general Ma Wu and the cavalry captain Wang Ba for the third southern expedition. At this time, Zhang Bu and others were independent. Although Liu Yu's actual control range had been reduced to the vicinity of Chuihui, he still had tens of thousands of soldiers. Liu Yu had never experienced a war, and all military decisions were made by Su Mao and others. At that time, Su Mao thought that the isolated city was difficult to defend, so he decided to go out and fight the Han army. Liu Yu's army had high morale at first because of their last stand, which caused the Han army to suffer a setback. But at this time, Zhou Jian's nephew Zhou Song suddenly rebelled in Chuihui City and greeted the Han army Wang Ba's tribe. So Ma Wu and Wang Ba attacked Liu Yu's army from front to back. Liu Yu's army was defeated and Zhou Jian was lost in the battle. Mao Ben went down to Pi and joined forces with Dong Xian, and Yu Ben became the best. At this point, Liu Yong's power was completely destroyed. The largest separatist force in Kanto was destroyed.

Gongsun Shu, courtesy name Ziyang, was a native of Maoling, Fufeng. During the reign of Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty, he was awarded the title of Lang because his father was an official in the court. Soon his father Ren became the captain of Henan (this refers specifically to the vicinity of Luoyang, not today's Henan Province), and Gongsun Shu supplemented Qingshui Chang. Because his father was young, he sent a retainer to assist him. As a result, within a month, the disciples paid their respects and returned, saying, "Shu is not someone who needs to be taught." (This means that Gongsun Shu is very capable and does not need his assistance anymore). Later he became an official in the new dynasty and became famous. In the fourth year of Wang Mang's Tianfeng reign, he paid homage to the prefect of Linqiong (now Qionglai City, Sichuan).

Soon the reform regime was established, and the whole country responded. At that time, Zongcheng, a native of Nanyang, called himself "General Huya" and entered Hanzhong; businessman Wang Cen also raised troops in Luoxian County and called himself "General Dinghan". He killed Wang Mangyong's pastoralists and responded by killing tens of thousands of people. Gongsun Shu wanted to make friends with these people, so he sent people to invite them to Linqiong. But when these people first arrived, they only burned, killed and looted. Soon he occupied Chengdu, causing complaints in Shu. Gongsun Shu was furious, so he secretly gathered thousands of dead soldiers, and also falsely claimed that Han envoys came from the east, pretending to be a general assisting the Han, the prefect of Shu County, and the Mu Yinshou of Yizhou. Gongsun Shu immediately raided Chengdu, killed Zong Cheng and others, and then merged with them.

In the autumn of the second year of Gengshi, Gongsun Shu defeated the army sent by Liu Xuan to attack Shu, thus establishing a powerful town in the southwest. Li Xiong, a meritorious officer, said: "Nowadays, the world is in turmoil, and ordinary people are arguing. The generals have separated themselves for thousands of miles, and the land is full of water and force. If you use your strength and virtue to throw the sky into the sky, the cause of overlord will be completed. It is better to change the name to control the people." He said: "I am also thinking about it, and the public words have inspired me." So he established himself as the king of Shu and made his capital Chengdu. Soon he claimed to be the emperor, in the first year of Longxing of Jianyuan.

After Gongsun Shu became independent, he took advantage of Liu Xiu's busy fighting in Shandong and had no time to go to the west to conquer Guanzhong. In the third year of Jianwu's reign, Liu Xiu sent General Feng Yi to conquer Guanzhong, defeated Gongsun Shu's generals Li Yu and Lu Tuna, and drove the Shu army back to Hanzhong. In the fifth year of Jianwu's reign, Yancen and Tian Rong, the former generals of the Green Forest Army, were defeated by Han soldiers and both fled to Shu. Gongsun Shu's power increased greatly for a while. In the sixth year of Jianwu, Gongsun Shu sent Tian Rong as the main general to lead the army out of Baidi City and attack Jingzhou. Although they failed in the end, they still captured Jianju, Yiling and other places. This is when its power is at its greatest.

In the seventh year of Jianwu's reign, Wei Xiao surrendered to him, and the two families formally formed an alliance, thus forming a tripartite situation (Liu Xiu, Wei Xiao and Gongsun Shu). At that time, Gongsun Shu was as powerful as Liu Xiu, but because he had a foreign surname and Liu Xiu's psychological offensive, his subordinates split into two factions: the main peace faction and the main war faction. The Zhuhe faction advocated that he should give up his imperial title, unite with the Han army, defeat Weixiao, and then become the master of Xichuan forever. The main war faction advocated an alliance with still and Kaixiao. Gongsun Shu hesitated.

At that time, the Han army happened to be fighting against Kaixiao, and the land of Guandong was empty. Yancen and Tian Rong then proposed to attack Luoyang with surprise troops. Gongsun Shu also hesitated and missed the best opportunity to win. Later, Wei Xiao surrounded the Han army in Lueyang and asked Gongsun Shu for help. Gongsun Shu only tentatively sent a small number of troops to assist in the battle. Soon Kaixiao was defeated and trapped in Xicheng. Only then did Gongsun Shu make up his mind to fight against the Han, and sent General Li Yu and Wang Yuan, the general of Kaixiao tribe, to lead troops to rescue him. However, due to the difficult road to Shu, only more than 5,000 people arrived in the end, so they failed to fundamentally reverse the situation of the war. In the eighth year of Jianwu, Kuai Xiao was finally defeated and died. Gongsun Shu became the last obstacle to the unification of the Han Dynasty.

Since the ninth year of Jianwu, the Han army and the Shu army have started fighting in Jingzhou. Because the Shu army flowed down the river and had a large number of people, they finally defeated the Han army at Jiangguan (near today's Zigui, Hubei). General Feng Jun and others were defeated and fled, and Jingzhou fell completely into the hands of the Shu army.

In the eleventh year of Jianwu's reign, Guangwu attacked Jingzhou with Cen Peng, the southern general. Gongsun Shu appointed Da Situ to guard Jingzhou. Ren Man didn't understand military affairs, so Cen Peng blocked the waterway, forcing the Shu army to abandon their boats and go ashore to fight the Han army. The Shu army was naturally no match for the Northern army on the plains. As a result, the Shu army was defeated, "tens of thousands of people died and the rivers were blocked." Wang Zheng, the general of Shu, was beheaded and surrendered to Peng. Tian Rong surrendered to Jiangzhou (today's Chongqing City), and all the cities surrendered. Peng then drove to Wuyang. Immediately afterwards, Han Zhonglang came to Sheji to attack Wang Yuan and Huan'an. An sent the assassin to kill She; Shufu ordered the assassin to kill Cen Peng. As a result, Lai She was killed.

In the twelfth year of Jianwu, Gongsun Shu's younger brother Gongsun Hui and his son-in-law Shi Xing were defeated by Grand Sima Wu Han and Fuwei General Zang Gong in Jiangzhou, and died in battle. In September, Wu Han defeated and beheaded its chief disciple Xie Feng and its chief Jinwu Yuan Ji, and the Han soldiers surrounded Chengdu. Gongsun Shu recruited five thousand dead soldiers. On the one hand, he ordered Yancen to bluff in Chengdu to paralyze the Han army; on the other hand, he personally led the dead soldiers to the rear of the Han army through a detour, and then suddenly attacked the Han army. The Han army was unable to take precautions and was defeated and fled. Wu Han and others fought tooth and nail to clear the bloody path and broke through. This battle can be described as the biggest defeat in Wu Han's military career.

On November 17 of the same year, Wu Han and his deputy Zang Gong made a comeback and attacked Chengdu again. Gongsun Shu personally led tens of thousands of Shu troops to fight. At first, the Shu army took advantage of its vigor and achieved three victories in three battles, causing the Han army to suffer another setback. But by noon, the Shu army began to tire. So Wu Han took the opportunity to attack the Shu army with his elite troops, and the Shu army was in chaos. Gongsun Shu was stabbed in the chest by Wu Han and fell off his horse. Yancen and other troops fought to the death and finally rescued Gongsun Shu back to Chengdu. Unfortunately, Gongsun Shu was fatally injured and died that night. The next day, Yancen surrendered the city to Wu Han. The unification war of the Eastern Han Dynasty, which lasted for nearly thirteen years, came to an end.

Other princes such as Dong Xian, Zhang Bu, Li Qing, etc. did not do much and were omitted. There are many stories about Wei Xiao who occupied Longxi and Gongsun Shu who occupied Yizhou. Please refer to "Things That Have to Be Said in the History of the Han Dynasty" Author: Zheng Guoming You should like it