Zhongzhou Culture Zhongzhou culture has a long history and its territory has evolved.

Zhongzhou Culture Zhongzhou culture has a long history and its territory has evolved.

Ancient Zhongzhou is "Yuzhou". Shangshu Gong Yu said that Dayu divided the world into Kyushu: Jizhou, Yanzhou, Qingzhou, Xuzhou, Yangzhou, Jingzhou, Yuzhou, Liangzhou and Yongzhou. Yuzhou lives in Kyushu, so it is also called "Zhongzhou".

"Shangshu Gong Yu" contains: "Only Yuzhou and Yiluojing River in Jingzhou enter the river, and Yingbo is a pig, and Heze is a pig." Four waters, Zhuo and Jian are all in Luoyi; Xingyang, the border of Xingyang County in Henan Province, and Heze are adjacent to Henan Province. It can be seen that Gong Yu's "Yuzhou" refers to a large area from Luoyang, Henan to Heze, Shandong.

The activities of the Xia Dynasty were in western Henan. "On Mandarin and Zhou Yu" said: "The former summer also melted into Chongshan." Zhao Wei pointed out: "There are mountains and mountains, and Yangcheng in midsummer is towering." Chongshan, namely Songshan. "Biography of Historical Records and Wuqi" said: "Xia Jie's family goes to Hutchison on the left, Taihua on the right, Yique in the south and sheep intestines in the north." It can be seen that the territory of the Xia Dynasty is the east side of Huashan Mountain on the right, and the Yellow River and Jishui River on the left.

During the Yin and Shang Dynasties, since the establishment of Shang Dynasty, the capital was moved many times, mostly in present-day Henan. Such as Bo (now Erligang area in Zhengzhou), Wei (now Aoshan in Xingyang, Henan), Xiang (now Neihuang County in Henan) and Geng (one in wen county, Henan, one in Xingtai, Hebei and one in Xingting, Zhengzhou [Eastern Zhou]). Pan Geng moved to Yin and lived in Chao Ge Town, Anyang, Henan. Yin was the capital of Shang Dynasty since Pan Geng. During this period, the ghost face, the ground and the auspicious face in the northwest of Yin, and the Jingchu area in the south (now Nanyang, Henan) were all within the sphere of influence of Yin Shang.

The Western Zhou Dynasty implemented the system of enfeoffment. From the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period: Dong Guo, Wei, Song, Mi, Yi, Guan, Cai, Wei, Yong, Yuan, Yong, Fan, Jiang, Qian, Ji, Slippery, Chen, Xu, Jiao, Chu and Deng. During the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhou royal family lost its land of abundance and pickaxe and moved to Luoyi, and its political center also moved to Henan. During the Warring States Period, the vassal states of the Central Plains were Wei, Han and Wei, while the northern part of Henan belonged to Zhao and the southern part to Chu and Zhou.

After Qin Shihuang unified China, he abolished the enfeoffment system and divided the world into 36 counties. Among them: Sanchuan County (now Luoyang in western Henan), Yingchuan County (now Yuzhou in central Henan) and Nanyang County (now Nanyang in Henan); In addition, what is the Yongcheng area in eastern Henan now? County, now Puyang in northern Henan belongs to Dong Jun, and Qixian in Henan belongs to Hanoi.

During the period of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty, the frontier was opened up, and the world was divided into thirteen departments (also known as prefectures), each of which was a secretariat and each prefecture was divided into counties. In addition, from the Western Han Dynasty to the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there were some "national seals" in addition to counties. The reason is that in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, some governors were enfeoffed by the imperial court. These fiefs crossed the counties and counties, and their power was very strong, which directly threatened the Western Han Dynasty and finally led to the rebellion of the seven countries of Wu and Chu. After the rebellion, these princes were cut in turn. There are eight counties and two countries in Henan today. Among them, Henan county is centered on Luoyang, including Xinzheng; Today, Anyang and Xinxiang in northern Henan belong to Hanoi County; Puyang is an eastern county; Liu Chen, Yi Jun (now part of Kaifeng) and Changyuan belong to Liuchen County; Nanyang and Wang Bo belong to Nanyang County; Hongliang, Lushi and Yiyang belong to Hongnong County; Yongcheng belongs to Liang State and Huaiyang belongs to Huaiyang State.

In the Western Han Dynasty, there were counties above the county level, and more than eight counties such as Yingchuan County, runan county County and Guo Liang County belonged to Yuzhou Secretariat Department, Henan County, Hongnong County and Hanoi County belonged to Li Si Duwei Department, Chenliu County, Dong Jun County and Huaiyang County belonged to Yanzhou Secretariat Department, and Nanyang County belonged to Jingzhou Secretariat Department. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, its administrative divisions basically followed the Western Han Dynasty, but Henan County was changed to Henan Yin. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhongzhou was under the jurisdiction of Wei. Its administrative divisions follow the Eastern Han Dynasty.

During the Western Jin Dynasty, Zhongzhou was divided into Sizhou, Yanzhou, Yuzhou and Jingzhou. Sizhou governs Henan County (centered on Luoyang and Gong County), Xingyang County (centered on Xingyang), hongnong county County (centered on Xin 'an and Yiyang), Jixian County (centered on Qinyang and Wenxian County), wei county County (centered on Ye and Anyang) and Dunqiu County (centered on Dunqiu and Fanyang). Yanzhou governs six countries (Junyi, Fengqiu, etc.). ) and Puyang (with Puyang as the center). Yuzhou governs Yingchuan County, runan county County, Xiangcheng County (centered on jia county and Wuyang), Ruyin County (Ruyin, Gushi and Xinji) and Liang State (now Shangqiu). Jingzhou governs yiyang county (now Xinye, Rang and Dengzhou) and Nanyang (Nanyang and Wang Bo). In addition, Dengcheng and Qiang, which are under the jurisdiction of Xiangyang County, are also in Henan today. During the Western Jin Dynasty, counties tended to shrink.

After the Yongjia Rebellion, the rulers moved south. The north is divided into five lakes and sixteen countries. After the northern Wei Tuoba unified the north, it continued to use the administrative division system of state, county and county, but the jurisdiction of state and county was obviously reduced, and sometimes one state only governed one or two counties. At the same time, due to frequent wars, it is difficult to determine the territory, and the division of counties is mostly temporary. There are more than 30 counties in Zhongzhou, and some counties have even been reset. Caused confusion. The Northern Wei Dynasty once set up four states in Zhongzhou: Yizhou, Zhengzhou, Liangzhou, Yuzhou, North Yuzhou, Guangzhou, Luozhou and Dongyuzhou. Division of state jurisdiction (formerly Han Wei County, changed to Yin in the Northern Wei Dynasty), Jixian County (now Xiuwu and Huojia area), Dongxian County (Changyuan and other places) and Dunqiu County (Dunqiu and Wei and other places). ), Puyang County, Liyang County (Jixian County was located in Xiaochang period of Northern Wei Dynasty). Yizhou has jurisdiction over Wucheng County, Xin 'an County, Mianchi County, Heng 'an County (northern Mangsong area) and Yiyang County. The counties under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou are all in today's Henan Province, including Xuchang County (now Xuchang and Fugou), Yingchuan County (now Changge and Linying) and Yangzhai County (now Yuzhou). Liangzhou governs Yang Xia County (Huaiyang and Chenliu). ), Kaifeng County (Kaifeng and Weishi counties) and Chenliu County (Junyi and Fengqiu areas in the east of Daliang City). Yuzhou governs runan county, Yingchuan, Ruyang, Yiyang, Xincai and Xiangcheng. North Yuzhou governs Guangwu County, Xingyang County and Gaoping County. Guangzhou governs Nanyang County, Dingling County (now Wuyang area) and runan county. Luozhou governs Luoyang County, Xin 'an County, Henan County and Yangcheng County. Dongyuzhou governs runan county, Dongxincai County and Xincai County.

The Sui Dynasty changed the state into a county, no longer set up a county, and implemented a two-level system of counties and counties. In Zhongzhou, Sui established 17 counties, including Xingyang County, Liang Jun County, Xiangcheng County, Yingchuan County, runan county County, Huaiyang County, Ruyin County, Shangluo County, Hongnong County, Xiyang County, Nanyang County, Dong Jun County, Wei Jun County, Ji Jun County, Hanoi County and Yiyang County.

In order to strengthen the unified situation, the Tang Dynasty changed the county into a state, and set up a "Dao" above the state, and implemented a three-level system of Dao, State and County. Zhongzhou area is a part of Duji Road, Henan Road and Shannan East Road in Tang Dynasty. Dujiadao mainly managed the administrative affairs of Henan Province (now Luoyang) and Ruzhou, the eastern capital of the Tang Dynasty. Henan Road governs Shaanxi (Lingbao area), Guo, Huazhou, Zhengzhou, Yingzhou, Xuzhou, Cai Zhou, Bianzhou, Songzhou and. Hebei Road governs Huaizhou (now Jia and Xiuwu), Xiangzhou (now Tangyang) and yu zhou (now Xinxiang and Jixian). Shannan East Road governs Bizhou (now Biyang and Tongbai) and Dengzhou (now Nanyang). Huainan Road governs Gwangju (now Guangshan area) and Shenzhou (now Xinyang and Luoshan areas). After the end of the Tang Dynasty, the history of China entered a chaotic period of five dynasties. After the reunification of the Northern Song Dynasty, the "Tao" of the Tang Dynasty was abolished, and the "Tao" was added above the state, dividing the country into fifteen roads. The administrative division of the Northern Song Dynasty was a three-level system of roads, prefectures and counties.

In the Northern Song Dynasty, Peking Road was set up in Kaifeng, the capital of China, to manage the capital and the surrounding sixteen counties. Kaifeng is surrounded by JD.COM East Road, Jingdong West Road, Beijing Southwest Road and Beijing Northwest Road. Today, Henan is among these four roads. In the second year of Jingkang in the Northern Song Dynasty, the capital of song dynasty moved south, and Zhongzhou became the world of rulers. The Jin Dynasty set up Nanjing Road (Kaifeng is Jin Nanjing) and Hebei West Road here. Nanjing Road governs Kaifeng Prefecture, Guide Prefecture (now Shangqiu) and Henan Prefecture (now Luoyang); Hebei West Road governs the government (now Anyang) and Huaizhou government (now Jiyuan and wen county).

The Yuan Dynasty began to set up provinces and implemented a four-level system of provinces, railways, prefectures and counties. Today's Henan Province belongs to Jiangbei Province of Henan Province, which governs the capital of the Song Dynasty, that is, Kaifeng today. South of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River are under the jurisdiction of this province, while Anyang area north of the Yellow River is under the jurisdiction of Zhongshu Province in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Ming Dynasty implemented a three-level system of province, state and county. In the Ming Dynasty, Henan Province was named after being located in the south of the Yellow River, and Kaifeng was the administrative office. * * * governs Kaifeng, Henan, Guide, Runing, Nanyang, Huaiqing, Weihui, Zhangde and Ruzhou, and * * * once had "Fu Ba, Zhili, Yizhou, Eleven Counties, Ninety-six Counties, Wuan in the north and Xinyang in the south. (Geography of Ming History III) This is the area of Henan Province today.

In the Qing Dynasty, there were nine counties in Henan Province, including Kyushu, Wuzhili Prefecture, Yizhili Hall, Wuzhou and 96 counties. "East to Xiaoxian County, Jiangsu Province, west to Tongguan County, Shaanxi Province, south to Huangpi County, Hubei Province and north to Cizhou, Zhili." ("Qing History Geography Nine") Among the nine houses, there are Kaifeng House, Guide House, Chenzhou House and Runing House; These five zhili states are: Xuzhou Zhili, Zhengzhou Zhili, Shaanxi Zhili, Ruzhou Zhili and Gwangju Zhili.

In Henan during the Republic of China, the administrative organization at the state level was abolished, and all the States were changed to counties. Kaifeng, the provincial capital.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. Administrative offices have been set up in thirteen regions, including Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang, Zhoukou, Anyang, Hebi, Nanyang, Shangqiu, Xinyang, Zhumadian, Xinxiang, Luohe and Pingdingshan, which govern11counties in the whole province. Among them, Zhengzhou, Kaifeng, Luoyang and Pingdingshan are provincial capital cities.

Today's Henan starts from Anyang in the north and is adjacent to Hebei and Shanxi. South to Xinyang Jigongshan, bordering Hubei; Lingbao in the west, connecting Shaanxi and Shanxi; Yongcheng is in the east, bordering Shandong and Anhui. It covers an area of160,000 square kilometers. Still in the name of ancient Yuzhou, referred to as "Yu", or a good name "Zhongzhou".