Geographical knowledge of Canada

Canada consists of ten provinces and three special administrative regions. The ten provinces from west to east are: British Columbia (British Columbia), Alberta (Alberta), Saskatchewan (Saskatchewan), Manitoba (Manitoba), Ontario (Ontario), Quebec (Quebec) and New Brunswick (New Brunswick). Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland/Labrador.

The three special administrative regions are the Yukon and the Northwest, and a new administrative region, Nu Loewit.

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British Columbia is located on the west coast of Canada, facing the Pacific Ocean, with a coastline of 8,850 kilometers, beautiful coastal scenery and rich seafood. The province covers an area of 947,800 square kilometers and has a population of 414130,000, making it the third largest province in China after Quebec and Ontario. The southern part of the province borders Washington, Idaho and Montana, and is Canada's gateway to the Asia-Pacific region. B.c. has a mild climate, beautiful scenery and good environmental protection, and is surrounded by mountains and waters. Most of the province is a forest zone, which is a world-famous tourist attraction.

B.C. Province has now won the right to host the 20 10 Winter Olympic Games, which will greatly promote the development of tourism in this province. The most widely used languages in this province are English, Chinese (Cantonese/Mandarin) and Punjabi, and about 35,000 immigrants from all over the world settle here every year.

There are many places of interest and all kinds of weather in British Columbia. There are both luxurious urban customs and the tranquility of the vast Yuan Ye. The rich collections of butchart gardens, the Royal British Columbia Museum in city of victoria, the Vancouver Aquarium and Stanley Park attract tourists from all over the world every year. The beautiful mountains in the province and the world-class ski resort in Whistler are even more charming.

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Alberta covers an area of 6,665,438+0.2 million square kilometers, accounting for 6.8% of Canada's national area. The length from north to south is 1, 21.7km, and the length from east to west is 290-650km. It borders Saskatchewan and British Columbia in the east and west, and Montana and northwest Canada in the north and south respectively. 90% of the province is plain, which is an extension of the whole inland plain of North America to the north. The southwest is the famous Rocky Mountains, the south is the rolling prairie, the middle is the plains and grasslands, and the north is the sparsely populated forest. The climate has four distinct seasons and the winter is long, starting in October and ending in April. The population of Alberta is 365,438+065,438+00,000 (July 2002), accounting for about 65,438+00% of the total population of Canada, and Edmonton is the capital.

A province was originally inhabited by indigenous people. From 65438 to 0754, Europeans began to move here one after another. 1882, Alberta became a district of northwest Canada. 1883 After the completion of the Pacific Railway, the population increased rapidly. Later, the Canadian government encouraged the reclamation policy and attracted a large number of immigrants from all over the world. 1905, Alberta was formally established. At present, 865,438+0% of the population lives in cities, including nearly 654,380+0 million people in Calgary and Edmonton.

A province is rich in natural resources and is called "a big energy province". Petrochemical, communication, food processing, environmental protection, engineering services and other industries are at the leading level in Canada.

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Saskatchewan is located in central Canada, bordering Manitoba and Alberta in the east and west, and Montana and North Dakota in the south. The name "Saskatchewan" is thought to have been put forward by early Indian aborigines, which means swift rivers all over the country. Saskatchewan covers an area of 65 1900 square kilometers, accounting for 6.5% of the total area, including 352,000 square kilometers of forests and 8 1600 square kilometers of fresh water. In 2002, the population was about 654.38+0.02 million, and more than 60% of the population lived in cities. Regina in the south is the capital with a population of about 200,000, while Saskatoon in the north is the largest city and industrial and commercial center with a population of about 220,000. The climate has four distinct seasons and is relatively dry, which varies greatly from place to place. The average temperature in summer is 25 degrees Celsius, and the average temperature in winter is -25 degrees Celsius.

Saskatchewan is rich in natural resources and is a major province in agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, energy and minerals. Saskatchewan's agricultural output value accounts for 65,438+05% of Canada's total agricultural output value. Potassium salt reserves account for two-thirds of the world; Saskatchewan is the second largest crude oil producing area in Canada, with proven crude oil of about 944 million barrels and heavy oil reserves of about 25 billion barrels. Natural gas reserves are also very rich, about 69.3 billion cubic meters; Saskatchewan also owns 78% of uranium deposits. The center of Canada's economic forest is located in the north of Saskatchewan.

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New Brunswick is located in the eastern coastal area of Canada, with a total population of 756,000. It borders Maine in the southwest, Quebec in the northwest, Nova Scotia in the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. The mild maritime climate, which is neither cold in northern Canada nor hot in southern America, is sunny all year round with four distinct seasons. From vibrant spring, colorful summer, fruitful autumn and snowy winter, this colorful scene makes the four seasons life of New Brunswick colorful. Moderate living expenses make people living in this province feel comfortable and rich. Stable energy supply, low real estate and factory construction costs, extremely low income tax for small and medium-sized companies, stable inflation rate and convenient conditions for free passage of North American Free Trade Agreement have created an excellent business environment for investors.

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Manitoba, known as "the sunshine capital of Canada", is located in the central part of Canada, with an area of 649,950 square kilometers and a population of 1 140, with Vancouver in the west and Toronto in the east. Winnipeg, the capital, is the largest distribution center between the two cities, bordering Ontario, Saskatchewan, Nu Loewit, Hudson Bay and the United States. The main terrain is plain, and there are many lakes in the province, totaling 38,500, of which Lake Winnipeg is the largest and 13 largest in the world. Hudson Bay in the north is connected with the Arctic Ocean, from which the grain of our province is transported to Europe. Hudson Bay is also a tourist attraction. Wild ducks in the south and polar bears in the north are famous scenery. Manetho also has the largest "International Peace Park" in the world, which was built for the hope of world peace. The name of Manitoba province comes from the Cree word "Manitou bou", which means "Tunnel of the Great God".

Provincial capital: Winnipeg, Canada's largest grain market and an important livestock fur trade center, with a population of about 600,000; Every summer, the Culture and Arts Festival is a grand event in Winnipeg and one of the largest multi-ethnic gatherings in North America. Participants can not only taste authentic food from various countries, but also enjoy ethnic and artistic performances from all over the world. The number of Canadian Native Indians living in Winnipeg is the largest in the country. Many Indians still insist that they are the real masters of today's Canada, and white people are invaders. In order to appease the Indians, the Canadian government gave them many benefits.

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Ontario is the most populous province in Canada, with a population of 12068300 (as of July 2002, 1), accounting for about 38% of Canada's total population (310819000,2001). Ontario covers an area of about10700 square kilometers, accounting for 10% of the total Canadian area, ranking second among all provinces in China. Ontario means "beautiful lake" in Indian. There are 250,000 lakes in Ontario, accounting for one sixth of all lakes in Canada. 1867, the Canadian government began to use the name of Lake Ontario as the provincial name. Ontario is located in the Great Lakes region of eastern Canada, bordering the northeastern and midwest of the United States. Half of the population in the United States lives a day's drive from Toronto, the capital of Ontario.

Ontario is the most economically developed province in Canada. In 2002, the gross national product (GDP) was 470.5 billion Canadian dollars, accounting for 40.7% of Canada's national GDP in that year, the economic growth rate was 3.9%, the inflation rate was 2%, the unemployment rate was 7. 1%, and the per capita national income was 30,848 Canadian dollars (per capita income was 28,754 Canadian dollars).

Ontario's automobile manufacturing, nuclear power, transportation, steel, aviation, electronics, communications, mining, tourism, environmental protection and food processing industries all rank first in the country.

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Quebec was originally a geographical concept. American Indians call the place where the St. Lawrence River narrows Quebec because in Algonquin, Quebec means the place where the river narrows. 1608, champlain established Quebec city there. Its territory is three times that of France and five times that of Japan. Quebec borders on the North Atlantic, like a huge peninsula, with an area of about1700,000 square kilometers, half of which is covered by forests. There are millions of lakes and rivers in Quebec, among which the St. Lawrence River runs through the whole territory 1200 kilometers. It is one of the largest shipping waterways in the world and the main river shipping channel in North America. Quebec has a population of 7.4 million, accounting for 24.4% of Canada's population. The population density averages 4.4 people per square kilometer. 80% of the residents live in the St. Lawrence River valley, which belongs to the continental temperate climate. Capital: Quebec City, 700,200 people; 3.4 million people in Montreal. Quebec has 10 Indian people and an Inuit people. The total number of these aborigines is 72,430, which is equivalent to 1% of the population of Quebec.

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Prince Edward Island is located in St. Lawrence Bay, east of New Brunswick and north of Nova Scotia. It is the smallest province in Canada, with an area of 5657 square kilometers and a population of about 654.38+0.4 million, but its population density ranks first in the country, with an average of 25 people per square kilometer.

Prince Edward Island has beautiful scenery and is known as the "Bay Park". The island is about 220 kilometers long and 50 kilometers wide at its widest point, so it is called mini province. The temperature is average in a year. The largest city on the island is Charlotte, the provincial capital.

The island is not only rich in agricultural products, seafood and excellent climate, but also famous for potatoes all over the country. The island's main economic income comes from tourism. Due to the beautiful scenery, 600,000 people came to visit in summer. Hotels, restaurants, shops and entertainment places on the island are prosperous. Some families also provide accommodation and breakfast service, which is not only cheap, but also more comfortable than staying in a hotel.

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Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is one of the four Atlantic provinces in Canada, with an area of 5,5491km2 and a population of about 930,000. It is surrounded by water, and only a narrow strip in the east is connected with New Brunswick. There is Annapolis Valley in the middle of Nova Scotia Peninsula, which is 160 km long and is one of the famous apple producing areas in Canada. The coastal area is rich in lobster, cod and scallop seafood, and it is one of the largest fishing bases in Canada. Tourism has developed rapidly and is known as "Canada's marine playground". Located three miles off the east coast of Nova Scotia, Canada, "Oak Island" was a haunt of pirates in the17th century. For hundreds of years, Oak Island has attracted the attention of many treasure hunters all over the world. Halifax, the provincial capital, is located in the middle of the southeast coast of Nova Scotia Peninsula. It has an important strategic position and is known as the "guardian of the North". Its main attractions are: Citade Hill, a star-shaped fortress built in19th century, and designated as a national historical park. Acadia near the Bay of Fundy was once developed by the French, and now it has become a small village specializing in growing apples, full of leisurely pastoral scenery. Cape breton island has a strong Scottish flavor. Cape breton island National Park has diverse coastlines, beautiful plateaus, abundant wildlife and excellent golf courses.

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Newfoundland covers an area of 400,000 square kilometers and has only 500,000 residents. The island is one of the four famous fishing grounds in the world, with thousands of kilometers of coastline dotted with fishing villages. Away from the pollution and destruction of modern industry, Newfoundland's charming natural beauty makes countless people relaxed and happy. In the past fifteen years, the government of Newfoundland has continuously invested in developing the province's tourism industry and built a large number of infrastructure.

The scenery in the west of Newfoundland is particularly beautiful. Cedar Valley is located in the west of Newfoundland, Canada. This valley has a landscape of Yuan Ye, where wild animals live. The air is fresh and pleasant, and the river is clean and clear. The cedar river flows through it, and the river flows into the beautiful deer lake, a 20-kilometer-long freshwater lake, and then into the Atlantic Ocean.

In order to attract and facilitate tourists, with the approval of the Newfoundland provincial government, a 2 1 century forest resort will be built on about 320 hectares of virgin forest land along the coast of Land Rover Lake in Xiangbai Valley. The resort consists of several luxurious Swiss-style holiday villas, a 18-hole golf course, hiking trails, ski trails, lakeside beach areas, yacht parking centers, swimming pools, tennis courts and other recreational facilities. Each holiday villa covers an area of about one mu (4,050 square meters), and the building area is about 1.70 square meters, all of which are made of spruce or partition buildings, which fully embodies the quiet and comfortable life of Canadian style.

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Yukon is located in the northwest border of Canada, about one tenth of which is located in the Arctic Circle, with a cold climate. Crowne National Park, located in Saint Elias Mountains in the southwest of Yukon, has been established as a world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO, and Logan Mountain in the park is the highest mountain in Canada. Yukon is characterized by abundant wildlife and endless natural scenery. It is the only province in North America that has a highway to the North Pole. Yukon's tourism projects mainly include: aurora viewing, gold panning, wildlife viewing, canoeing, aboriginal culture, dog sledding, skiing and so on. Aurora is the most famous natural wonder in Yukon, and the best viewing time is moonless night in winter. The capital of Yukon is Baima City, where about 60% of the population is concentrated.

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Northwest China is the largest area in Canada, with vast territory, sparse population and extremely cold climate. The area is about 1 17000 square kilometers, and the population is about 4 1000, of which about 50% are aborigines. It borders the Arctic Ocean to the north and Alberta, Saskatchewan and British Columbia to the south. The longest distance from east to west is about 1325 km, and the longest distance from north to south is 2000 km. The area is 60 degrees north latitude, close to the Arctic Circle, and the winter temperature can reach MINUS 40 degrees Celsius. The capital is Yellowknife, with about 1.9 million residents, and it is 1.5 million kilometers away from the nearest city-Edmonton, Alberta.

This used to be the habitat of several indigenous tribes. From 1789, Northwest Canada Company and Hudson's Bay Company started fur trade in this area and achieved great success. /kloc-at the end of 0/9 century, gold mines were discovered here, but few people paid attention to them because of the small reserves and inconvenient transportation. It was not until the 1930s that the "gold rush" in this area began due to the discovery of rich gold mines and the development of aviation industry. 1935 established Huangdao city, and 1945 discovered large gold and diamond mines. Northwest was founded in 1967.

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Nunavut covers an area of 2.242 million square kilometers and has a population of about 28,000. The residents are mainly Inuit. The local Inuit people have preserved their ancient cultural history for thousands of years, and this land still retains the beauty of primitive nature. The magnetic north pole and polar bear are the characteristics here. The parks in this area attract many people who love nature to climb mountains, climb mountains or fish here.