Lu Xun's hometown

Lu Xun's hometown is Xintaimen, Fangchengkou, Duchang, Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. Lu Xun (188 1 ~ 1936) is a great writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China. Formerly known as Zhou Shuren, the word Cai Yu. 188/kloc-0 was born here on September 25th and spent his childhood and adolescence here until 1898 went to Nanjing to study. 1910 ~1912 Lu Xun lived here when he returned to his hometown to teach, and 19 19 also lived here several times. 1988 People's Republic of China (PRC) * * * and the State Council, China were announced as national key cultural relics protection units.

Xintaimen was a place where Zhou lived in groups for many years. Built in about1810 ~1813, it is a typical Shaoxing portal residence. Lu Xun's home is in the west of Xintaimen. It is a vertical quadrangle building with a length of 90 meters from north to south and a width of 5-22 meters from east to west, covering an area of 1 1,000 square meters. Houses are all brick and wood structures, blue tile walls and slate floors. 19 19 Lu Xun's family moved to Beijing and some buildings were rebuilt. There are 6 entrances in the front and back of the former residence, with a patio in the middle. There are two black stone doors on the front, which used to be the side doors of the new platform door. Into the Shikumen, two halls are advanced, and the aisles and halls are bungalows. The main hall was originally three bungalows facing west and east, and was later converted into a main hall facing south. A four-season osmanthus in front of the hall is still a relic of the Zhou family. The last four rooms are the living rooms of Lu Xun's family. The third entrance is five buildings, which are rebuilt and used to be the residence of Lu Xun's family in his early years. The fourth entrance is two north-south buildings, which are the original residence of Lu Xun's family. There are two small rooms with doors downstairs, which are the residence of grandma Lu Xun and her mother, and also the place to eat and receive guests. 1910 ~12 During his work in Shaoxing, Lu Xun often received visits from relatives and friends here, and wrote The Story of an Ancient Story and his first novel, Homesickness. To the north of the building is a kitchen and a bungalow with food and sundries piled up, with a door leading to the backyard in the middle. To the north of the former residence is the Baicao Garden, which was originally the vegetable garden of Zhou and other families.

After the founding of New China, Lu Xun's former residence was renovated many times and the Lu Xun Memorial Hall was established.

Scream is a collection of short stories written by Lu Xun from 19 18 to 1922. This novel was published by Beijing Xinchao Publishing House/KLOC-0 in August, 923, including Diary of a Madman, Medicine, Tomorrow, The True Story of Ah Q, Kong Yiji, A Little Thing, The Story of Hair, Storm, Hometown, Dragon Boat Festival and White Light.

In the preface to Scream, Lu Xun talked about the process and purpose of his abandoning medicine and joining literature. 1898 graduated from Nanjing Jiangnan naval academy, and transferred to the mining and metallurgy school affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi academy in the second year. 1902 After graduation, he was sent by the Qing government to study in Japan. 1904 entered Sendai Medical College. 1906 stopped studying medicine and returned to Tokyo to prepare for the literary movement. It was an experience of looking at pictures in class that made him abandon medicine and join literature. He recalled: "On one occasion, I suddenly met many China people I hadn't seen for a long time in a photo. One is tied in the middle, and there are many people standing around, all of whom are physically strong and numb.

According to the explanation, it was tied to a military detective who served Russia, and was about to be beheaded by the Japanese army, surrounded by people who came to enjoy this grand exhibition. He thinks that medicine is not an urgent matter. No matter how healthy and strong a stupid citizen is, he can only do meaningless propaganda materials and spectators. There is no need to think that he died unfortunately. Therefore, our first task is to change their spirit, and what is good at changing their spirit is that I thought it was natural to advocate literature and art at that time, so I wanted to advocate the literary movement.

Lu Xun also talked about how he contributed novels such as Diary of a Madman to New Youth. He once asked a friend who ran "New Youth": "If an iron house has absolutely no windows, it is extremely difficult to decompose, and there are many people sleeping inside, it will soon suffocate, but it will go from lethargy to death without feeling the sadness of death. Now you are shouting, you have awakened several sober people, and you have made this unfortunate minority suffer irreparable dying pain. Do you think you deserve them? " The man replied, "However, since several people have come up, you can't say that there is no hope to destroy this iron house." So he wrote Diary of a Madman, and since then he has published more than ten other articles. Lu Xun hopes that his works can awaken people in the "iron house" and save the people. When talking about the name "Scream", he said: "In my own mind, I thought I was no longer an eager person who couldn't speak, but maybe I couldn't forget the loneliness and sadness of that day, so sometimes I couldn't help shouting to comfort the brave man who was running in loneliness and let him not be afraid of his predecessors. As for whether my cry is brave or sad, hateful or ridiculous, it doesn't matter so much; But since it's up to you to cry, of course, I often don't care to put a wreath at my son's grave with a curved pen, and don't tell her tomorrow that she didn't see her son's dream, because the Lord didn't advocate negativity at that time. As for myself, I don't want to infect young people who are dreaming like I was young. "

Lu Xun's novels are the foundation works and classics of China's modern vernacular novels. They have been popular for more than half a century with infinite charm and are still popular today. These three collections of novels are the familiar Scream, Wandering and New Stories. The True Story of Ah Q in the novella Scream is not only a masterpiece of China. It is also a masterpiece of the world.

Scream includes 19 18- 1922 novels written by Lu Xun. Later, the author dug up a historical novel "Mountains in the Surrounding Mountains" (later renamed "Patching the Sky"), which became the present 14. These novels reflect the miserable life and fate of the oppressed in China around the May 4th Movement. The following is the content of Scream. In the preface of Scream, the author reviews his own life experience, reflecting the process of the author's ideological development and his purpose and attitude in literary and artistic activities. At the same time, it also explains the origin and naming reasons of these novels. The author praised literature and art as a weapon to change the national spirit from learning Westernization, studying medicine and taking the road of saving the country scientifically, and showed the development of his patriotic thought and the mental process of seeking the road of saving the country and the people. This article is of great reference value for understanding the author's life, thoughts and the connotation and implication of this novel. In writing, this preface is fresh and refined, thorough and smooth, shocking and fascinating, which makes people want to stop. Its language style is full of Lu Xun's unique personality and has strong artistic charm.

Article introduction

Diary of a Madman is Lu Xun's first vernacular novel and the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature. Published in May 19 18, the author adopted the pseudonym of Lu Xun for the first time. This article created the image of an anti-feudal warrior-"madman". Through the narration of a madman, the author reveals the history of China's civilization for thousands of years, which is essentially a history of eating people. The essence of feudal family system and feudal ethics in the cloak of "benevolence, righteousness and morality" is cannibalism. At the same time, the author issued a call to "save the children", calling on the people to wake up and overthrow the feudal system. With its distinctive anti-feudal ideology and strong artistic appeal, this article has aroused great repercussions in the ideological and cultural circles, thus laying a solid foundation for the whole China New Literature Movement. The artistic features of this article have had a wide influence in the New Culture Movement. The author's realistic description of the madman's paranoia, sensitivity and delusion accords with the pathological characteristics of the persecutor. And write the expression of madman's pun by symbolic means. The Madman gives a symbolic description of feudal forces, combining realism and symbolism seamlessly. This has produced a strong artistic appeal, followed by language personality. Diary of a Madman uses modern literary language. The author carefully conceived a "incoherent" madman. The language seems messy but sharp, which not only conforms to the characteristics of mental patients, but also expresses the voice of the oppressed. Personality language has successfully created a warrior image that looks like a madman but has symbolic significance.

Tomorrow is one of Lu Xun's novels that focus on reflecting the tragic fate of women. Through the description of the widow's loss of her only son, the work shows the shocking picture of China women's isolation and helplessness, and criticizes the phenomenon of cannibalism in the dark society and the ruthlessness and indifference of people in the declining society. The author's cold writing style shows his resentment towards the dark society. Exquisite and realistic art shows the skillful writing skills of the author. The washed simple pen vividly outlines a small town genre painting, but in the description of characters and dialogues, it is difficult to change a word, which is really a masterpiece.

A little thing is short and pithy, with profound content. The full text is only about 1000 words, and the work describes a small matter in daily life. While praising the noble qualities of the lower working people, it also reflects the self-reflection of intellectuals and shows a new idea of learning from the working people sincerely. It is unusual to have such an understanding during the May 4th Movement, which has far-reaching social significance. The writing characteristics of this paper are as follows: firstly, the different attitudes of coachman and "I" towards the same thing are compared by comparison, which reveals the selfishness of "I" and embodies the tall image of coachman who is aboveboard, daring to do and caring for others. The beauty of this contrast lies in highlighting the simplicity and selflessness of workers with indirect and implicit pen and ink. In the form of expression, this article is like a sketch, close to contemporary "short stories", short and pithy, fresh and meaningful; The plot is true and credible, and it has become one of the most widely acclaimed masterpieces in modern novels.

Kong Yiji created a typical image of a declining intellectual in feudal society. Kong Yiji, impoverished and pedantic, was finally swallowed up by the feudal society under the poison and destruction of the feudal imperial examination system. The author attacked the numbness of the national spirit and the indifference of society to the suffering people, and sharply condemned the decadent feudal imperial examination system. The artistic feature of this article lies in its rigorous structure. First, it explains the environment and atmosphere. Secondly, develop and introduce characters; The climax, the center of the novel, exposes the ruthlessness of society. Novel management articles, works are unique. The second feature is to use profile description to shape characters. The work uses the first person "I"-what the hotel waiter saw and heard to write about Kong Yiji. His character description, dialogue and experience are all expressed through the general description of "I", so that the characters created in this way are true and credible, thus vividly depicting the characters. The language of the novel is also extremely concise. Many characters depicted by the author, such as hotel shopkeepers, waiters, customers with short coats, children, etc., are all sketched with a few concise strokes and lifelike. When Kong Yiji stuttered to defend his unreliable innocence, the self-deceiving phrase "stealing books is not stealing" made the image of intellectuals in the old society self-righteous, pedantic and amazing!

"Medicine" is based on the death of Qiu Jin, a hero of the democratic revolution in 1907, and is written through artistic processing and typical creation. The novel describes the tragedy of an old democratic revolution in which revolutionaries shed blood for the people without being understood by the people, and the blood was turned into human blood steamed bread to treat consumption, and makes a thought-provoking analysis of the historical reasons for the failure of the Revolution of 1911. This paper adopts double-line structure, which is original. A clue writes that Hua Laoshuan treats his son; Hua Laoshuan buys human blood steamed bread, Hua Xiaoshuan eats human blood steamed bread, and Hua Aunt goes to the grave; Clues to Yu Xia's revolutionary activities and sacrifices. The two tragedies are intertwined, forming a tragic picture. The author's meticulous conception is highlighted by using special contrast and suggestion writing skills. The symbolic surnames "Hua" and "Xia", as the names of bleeding people and blood eaters, have extremely rich and profound meanings. In fact, the whole article only wrote the opposite of the sacrifice of a revolutionary, and reflected the tragic of the revolutionary through the impressions and reactions of a group of unconscious people. Yu Xia's murder was not clearly written, but implied from the action description of onlookers; The place where he was killed also clearly pointed out that it was the ancient pavilion, suggesting that Qiu Jin was killed in Shaoxing Gu Xuanting; The foolish reaction of the jailer and the audience reflected his spirit of death; The wreath on his grave implies that his comrades are still fighting. At the end of the novel, a rich man's birthday steamed bread is used as a metaphor for a grave, which is more profound and alarming. The whole novel is shrouded in a strong cold atmosphere, which is also a prominent figure and theme successfully created by the author, which makes the story of cannibalism more shocking.

Of course, there are many such articles in the book Scream. Mr. Lu Xun wrote these articles to make the people of China awake after reading them. With humorous and sarcastic language and angry and encouraging tone, Mr. Lu Xun inspired China people who were half asleep at that time, exposed the darkness of society at that time with accusations and criticisms, and showed that Mr. Lu Xun longed for the sleeping dragon China to wake up as soon as possible and revive the greatness of China!

Diary of a Madman, Kong Yiji, Medicine, Tomorrow, A Little Thing, Hair Story, Storm, Hometown, The True Story of Ah Q, Dragon Boat Festival, White Light, Rabbit and Cat, Duck Comedy and Social Drama.

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I suddenly have a strange feeling at this moment. I feel that his dusty back suddenly becomes taller and bigger, and I have to look up to see it. For me, he gradually became almost a kind of coercion, and even squeezed out the "small" hidden under the fur robe.

-"A Little Thing"

I looked at the history and found that there was no time in this history. On every crooked page, the words "benevolence, righteousness and morality" were written. I can't sleep anyway. I read it carefully in the middle of the night before I saw the words through the gap. The book is full of "cannibalism"!

-The diary of a madman

In the dark, I spread out a green beach by the sea, and a golden full moon hung in the dark blue sky. I thought: Hope is nothing, nothing. It's like a road on the ground; In fact, there is no road on the ground. If there are more people walking, it will become a road.

-"hometown"

As soon as Kong Yiji arrived at the store, all the drinkers looked at him and smiled. Some shouted: "Kong Yiji, you have added a new scar on your face!" He didn't answer. He said to the cupboard, "Heat two bowls of wine and ask for a plate of fennel beans." I will pay a lot of money. They shouted loudly again: "You must have stolen from others again!" Kong Yiji opened his eyes and said, "How can you make people innocent out of thin air ..." "What innocence? I saw with my own eyes what book you stole and hung it up the day before yesterday. " Kong Yiji blushed and the veins stood out on his forehead, arguing that "stealing books is not stealing ... stealing books! ..... how can you steal the matter of a scholar? " The incomprehensible words such as "the gentleman is poor" and "the villain is poor" caused everyone to laugh: the air inside and outside the store was filled with joy.

-"Kong Yiji"

Old Shuan also looked over there and only saw the backs of a bunch of people; The neck stretched out very long, as if many ducks were held up by invisible hands. It was quiet for a while, as if there was a little movement, then it shook again, and with a bang, it all retreated; Scattered all the way to the place where Old Bolt stood, and almost pushed him down.

"Ah! Pay in one hand and deliver in one hand! " A man in black stood in front of the old bolt and looked like two knives, stabbing the old bolt in half. The man stretched out a big hand to him; Holding a bright red steamed bread in one hand, it is still dripping bit by bit.

-"medicine"

Idle people are endless, just Doby, so they finally got into a fight. Ah Q was defeated in form. He was caught by the yellow braid and touched four or five heads on the wall. Until then, those idle people walked away contentedly and triumphantly. Ah Q stood for a moment and thought, "I was finally beaten by my son, and now the world is really not decent …" So he walked away contentedly and proudly.

Ah Q thought so in his heart, but he often said it later, so almost everyone who joked with Ah Q knew that he had this spiritual victory method. From then on, whenever he was caught by his yellow braid, people would say to him first:

"Ah Q, this is not a son beating Lao Tzu, but a man beating a beast. I said: people beat animals! "

Ah Q holds his braid root with both hands, cocked his head and said:

"Beat the insects, ok? I am a bug-don't let go? "

But although it was a bug, the idle people didn't let go, and they touched him five or six times around. Only then did he walk away contentedly and triumphantly. He thought ah q ate the news this time. However, in less than ten seconds, Ah Q also left with satisfaction. He felt that he was the first person who could belittle himself. In addition to "belittling yourself", the rest are "first". Isn't the top scholar also the "first"? What are you? ?

-the true story of ah q

"Sister Sans, I'll give you a hug for Bob!" It seems to be the voice of Lanpi Awu.

He looked up, but it was blue-skinned Ah Wu, sleepily following him.

Sister-in-law Sansi, although she really wants to send a member of Tian Jiang to help him at this time, she doesn't want to be Wu. However, Wu is a bit chivalrous. Anyway, he always insisted on helping, so he gave in for a while and finally got permission. He stretched out his arm, stuck it out between his sister-in-law Sans's breast and the child, and took the child away. Good fourth sister-in-law felt a fever on her chest, hot to her face and ears, and hot for a long time.

-"Tomorrow"

Reading teaching

Before reading a novel, we might as well look at Lu Xun's Scream and How I Started a Novel. In these two articles, Lu Xun introduced his life path, ideological course, reasons for literary creation and unique thinking on literary functions, which can help us truly enter Lu Xun's literary world and deeply understand the ideological connotation of his works.

Although Lu Xun started his literary creation under the influence of the May 4th New Culture Movement, and although he also said several times in the preface, "Talk to comfort the brave who run in loneliness and make them fearless of their predecessors", his works did not cater to the needs of the movement blindly, and Lu Xun did not simply "listen to his wishes". Therefore, compared with other writers' works full of sentimental or fierce resistance style during the May 4th Movement, his novels are more profound and unique. Lu Xun himself once used the word "deep grief and indignation" to summarize the keynote of works such as Scream. By comparing the works of other writers during the May 4th Movement, we can have a deeper understanding of this feature.