What poems despise others for treating themselves?

Zhang Song Fang Ping's Song Style satirizes Liu Bang's poems;

Down and out, Liulang returned as the emperor, feeling "the poem of the wind" in front of the bottle.

Huaiyin meets Ying Bu clan, how many brave men do you need?

The first two paragraphs of the poem show Liu Bang's identity. After "Down and Out" became emperor, he suddenly felt full of food and wanted to seek a warrior from the world! In the author's opinion, this is really strange. Therefore, the last two sentences of the poem can't help but expose his hypocritical tricks. If you are so eager for talents, why did you kill three ready-made heroes, Han Xin, Ying Bu and Peng Yue? Song of the Wind was written in the second year after Liu Banglian killed heroes. Isn't it a wonderful irony?

ridicule

Shuoshu

The Book of Songs, National Style and Wei Style.

Vole, vole, don't eat my millet! I have served you hard for years, but you don't care about me.

Vowed to get rid of you and go to a happy land. Promised land, won my position?

Vole, vole, don't eat my wheat! I have served you hard for many years, but you are not kind to me.

Swear to get rid of you and enjoy the state. Guo Le Guo Le, why am I straight?

Rat, vole, don't eat my seedlings! After years of hard work, you don't want me!

I vowed to get rid of you and go to the suburbs to laugh. That happy suburb, that happy suburb, who is still lamenting the long cry!

incienso

The Book of Songs and Wind

Mice have skin, but people have no tools. If a person doesn't look his face squarely, he might as well die.

Rats have teeth, but people never stop. Why die if people don't stop?

Rats have bodies, but people are rude. If people are rude, Hu will not die?

Official warehouse rat

Cao Ye

The mouse in the official granary is like a bucket of rice. When you see someone, you want to open the granary and don't run.

Athletes have no food and people are hungry. Who will take people to court?

[Notes]

① official warehouse (c āng): the granary of the government. Bucket (d ǒu): an ancient unit of capacity, with ten liters as a barrel.

Athletes: soldiers.

(3) Who sent it (qi ǐ n): Who let it. Chaochao (zh āozh āo): Every day. Jun: It refers to mice.

[explanation]

In the year of famine, the official warehouse was full of grain, the rats ate fat like a bucket, and the soldiers went hungry. The anger of the poet in this poem exposes this phenomenon. When he questioned the official hamster, he actually condemned corrupt officials, big and small.

Jiangnanchun

Du Mu

Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.

More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.

[Introduction to the author]

Du Mu (803-852) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The word Mu Zhi was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi). Proficient in the art of war, with political talent, poetry is well written, especially poetry. Just like Li Shangyin, he is called "Little Du Li" in the world.

[Notes]

1. Crow: Bark.

2. Guo Shan: A city wall built on the mountain.

3. Wine flag: a cloth signboard hanging high in front of the hotel.

4. Southern Dynasties: A.D. 420-589, the floorboard of the four Southern Dynasties of Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. A large number of Buddhist temples were established at that time.

[Brief analysis]

This is a landscape poem with a good reputation. A small space paints a broad picture. It is not aimed at a specific place, but at the unique scenery of the whole south of the Yangtze River, so it is named "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River".

The first sentence, "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red", shows the natural scenery of Jiangnan from the beginning. "Thousands of miles" is a summary of the vast south of the Yangtze River. There are songbirds everywhere, and the boundless green leaves set off bright red flowers. This colorful and vibrant scenery is naturally unique to Jiangnan. The second sentence, "Mountain Guo wine flag wind", describes the unique topography of Jiangnan. There are villages by the water and battlements by the mountain. In the spring breeze, the wine flag flutters gently. What a beautiful south of the Yangtze River!

One or two sentences are about sunny scenery, and three or four sentences are about rainy scenery. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." In the light rain in spring, it is another scenery. There are hundreds of Buddhist temples left over from the Southern Dynasties. These magnificent Buddhist temples with heavy houses are shrouded in misty rain, looming and seemingly absent, adding a hazy and blurred color to the spring in the south of the Yangtze River. "480" is an imaginary number, not a real number, which highlights the number of Buddhist temples.

The whole poem outlines the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and depicts the beautiful and foggy spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River with a highly generalized brushwork. Bright colors and meaningful feelings. A seven-character quatrain can show such a vast picture, which is really "the size of Wan Li".

cold drink and snack

[Tang] Han Yi

In late spring, Chang 'an city is full of songs and dances, and countless flowers fall. The east wind of the Cold Food Festival blows on the willow trees in the royal garden.

As night fell, the palace was busy lighting candles, and smoke drifted to the house of the prince and the marquis.

[Introduction to the author]

Han Yi (born in an unlucky year) was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Nanyang (now Nanyang, Henan) people. He has been doing paperwork in the army and is good at writing farewell poems. He is as famous as Qian Qi and other poets, and is called "Ten Talents in Dali". Later, the emperor chose him as the calligrapher of China who drafted the imperial edict. There were two Li Han at that time, and the minister asked who to choose. The emperor said that he would write about Li Han, a city full of flowers in spring, which shows how famous this poem was at that time.

[Notes]

1. Cold food: festival name, two days before Qingming Festival. In this festival, the ancients did not make a fire for three days before and after, but only ate cold food, so it was called "cold food".

2. Royal Willow: Willow in the Royal Garden.

3. "Sunset" two sentences: According to legend, cold food was forbidden in the Han Dynasty, and the court specially lit candles for the Hou family. "Pass" is handed down from family to family. "Five marquis" refers to the five marquis of Liang Ji, the consort of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Another way of saying this is that when Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the eunuch Shan Chao was equal to five people who were named Hou in one day.

4. Oblique: read (xi×), which rhymes with "flower" and "home".

[Brief analysis]

This poem describes the Cold Food Festival in the court. The poet compared the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, exposing the privileges of the feudal ruling class and the corruption of eunuchs' favor and monopoly.

At the beginning, "Spring City is full of flowers". "Spring City" refers to Chang 'an, the capital of spring. "Flying flowers", that is, petals fall in succession, indicating the late spring season. "Everywhere" constitutes affirmation with double negation, and then writes the charming spring scenery of the whole Chang 'an Liu Xufei. The second sentence, "Cold food, east wind and willow slanting", is about the scenery of the palace garden. "Imperial willow" refers to the willow in the imperial garden. At that time, it was a custom to break the willow door during the Cold Food Festival, and on Qingming Day, the emperor also issued a decree to give the fire of elm willow as a gift to the recent minister to show his favor. Therefore, the poet deliberately cut out the "imperial willow" fluttering in the wind in the infinite spring.

The first two sentences of the poem are written during the day, and the last two sentences are written at night: "When the sun sets, candles are passed in the Han Palace, and light smoke is scattered into the Wuhou House." Sunset is evening. "Han Palace" refers to the imperial palace in the Tang Dynasty. "Five Hou" generally refers to five eunuchs who were sealed on the same day in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Here, the Han Dynasty is used as a metaphor for the Tang Dynasty, alluding to eunuchs who have been favored by the emperor since the middle Tang Dynasty. Every family can't make a fire on the Cold Food Festival, but the palace is an exception. Before dark, the palace was busy distributing candles. In addition to the palace, your near minister can also get this favor. The poem vividly depicts a picture of candles passing by at night with "passing" and "scattering", which makes people see the light of candles and smell the faint smoke. After reading this, we will think of the sentence "only state officials can set fires, and people are not allowed to light lamps", so as to better understand the theme of poetry.

This poem is good at selecting typical themes, quoting appropriate allusions and satirizing eunuch spoil and autocratic corruption. Although the style of writing is exquisite, readers can still understand the theme of the poem under the hint of historical allusions and the confirmation of the social situation in the middle Tang Dynasty.

Guo Huaqing Palace

Du Mu

Looking back at Chang 'an, Mount Li is like a pile of splendid scenery, and the gates of Huaqing Palace on the top of the mountain are opened in turn.

As soon as I rode on the smile of smoke and smoke, no one knew that the fresh fruit litchi was sent from the south.

Topic Lin' andi

[Song] Lin Sheng

When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?

The warm wind intoxicated the tourists. Directly do Bianzhou in Hangzhou.

[Notes]

1. Lin 'an: the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, which is now Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.

2. domicile: inn, hotel.

3. Bianzhou: Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province).

[Brief analysis]

This is a poem written on the wall of a hotel in Lin 'an.

In AD 1 126, the Jin people captured Bianliang, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, and captured two emperors, Huizong and Qinzong. The territory of the Central Plains was completely occupied by the Jin people. Zhao Gou fled to the south of the Yangtze River and ascended the throne in Lin 'an, which is known as the Southern Song Dynasty. Instead of accepting the painful lesson of national subjugation in the Northern Song Dynasty, the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty became angry from embarrassment and tried to strengthen itself. The rulers did not want to recover the lost land in the Central Plains, but begged for peace, surrendered to the outside world, and brutally persecuted Yue Fei and other patriots at home. Politically corrupt and incompetent, dignitaries indulge in debauchery and pleasure. This poem is written for this dark reality. It pours out the indignation pent up in the hearts of the broad masses of people, and also expresses the poet's deep concern for the fate of the country and the nation.

The first two sentences of the poem are "When will the West Lake stop singing and dancing?" Seize the characteristics of Lin 'an City: overlapping green hills, rows of terraces, endless lights and songs and dances, and write down a false picture of prosperity and peace in that year. The poet touched the scene and couldn't help but sigh: "When will the West Lake Dance stop?" When will these lewd songs and dances by Xizi Lake, which kill people's fighting spirit against gold, stop?

The last two sentences, "Warm wind makes tourists drunk and makes Hangzhou a continent", are the poet's further expression of his feelings. The word "warm wind" is a pun, which refers to both the spring breeze in nature and the lewd wind in society. It is this "warm wind" that blows people's minds like they are drunk. "Tourists" cannot be understood as ordinary tourists. It means that the ruling class in the Southern Song Dynasty forgot the national disaster, lived a quiet life and had fun. The words "smoked" and "drunk" in the poem are used very skillfully, vividly depicting the mental state of those dignitaries who indulge in debauchery and ruin the country and the people. At the end, "directly treating Hangzhou as Bianzhou" is a direct rebuke to the Southern Song authorities for forgetting national hatred and family feuds and treating Hangzhou as the old capital Bianzhou. Bitter satire contains great anger and endless worries.

This poem is cleverly conceived and phrased: cynicism is written from a lively scene; Extremely indignant, but not abusive. It is indeed a masterpiece in fable poetry.

Guanqiyu

Li Yue

Mulberry leaves and leafless smoke come from the soil, and flute pipes welcome Longshui Temple.

Watching songs and dances in Zhumen, I am afraid that the spring sounds will swallow the strings.

An old man selling charcoal

Bai Juyi

An old man selling charcoal cuts wood and burns charcoal in the mountains in the south all year round. His face was covered with dust, which was the color of smoke burning, his temples were gray, and his ten fingers were burnt black. What is the money for selling charcoal for? Buy clothes, buy food in your mouth. Pity that he is wearing thin clothes, but he is worried that charcoal can't be sold, hoping it will be colder. At night, it snowed a foot thick outside the city. Early in the morning, the old man drove a charcoal wheel to the market. Cows are tired and people are hungry, but the sun has risen very high. They are resting in the mud outside the south gate of the market.

Who is that proud man riding on two horses? It was the eunuchs in the palace and eunuchs who did it. The eunuch, with documents in his hand and the emperor's orders in his mouth, shouted at the petrified palace. A load of charcoal, more than 1000 kilograms, eunuch attendants to drive away, the old man is helpless, but there is no way. HongLing the Half Horse is the charcoal on the bull's head.

Asada Ziyongbala

[Ming] Wang Pan

Horn, lock, music, big cavity. The official ship is in chaos, and the price increase depends on you. The army listens to the army, and the people listen to the people's fear. Where can I tell the truth from the truth? What I saw blew this house down and hurt that one. Let's blow the water away.

[Introduction to the author]

Wang Pan (about 1470- 1530) was a poet and painter in the Ming Dynasty. The word hung-chien was born in Gaoyou (now Gaoyou, Jiangsu). Proficient in temperament, famous for writing Sanqu.

[Notes]

1. Chaodi: the name of Qupai.

2. Suona: A musical instrument similar to a trumpet. Here, trumpet and suona both refer to eunuchs.

3. The water is gone: describe looking for people's property.

[Modern Translation]

Trumpets and suona are small, but the tune is big. The official ship is in a mess, and the price increase depends on you. Soldiers are worried about soldiers, and people are afraid of soldiers. Where can I tell the truth from the false? Seeing this family blown over and hurting that one, the goose flew away when the water dried up!

[explanation]

During the period of Zheng De in Ming Dynasty, eunuchs were in power and oppressed the people, and sailboats often blew trumpets to strengthen their momentum. This Sanqu was written to satirize eunuchs. On the surface, this poem is written about horns and suona, but in fact it is written about eunuchs everywhere. "Xiao Qu" is a metaphor for the eunuch's low status, while "powerful" is a metaphor for the eunuch's bullying. "Military worry" and "people fear" mean that wherever you go, it will bring disaster. "All water flies" describe their oppression and destruction of the people. Although there is no positive mention of a eunuch in the whole song, it vividly depicts their ugliness and is full of contempt and indignation for eunuchs in a relaxed humor.

Shanyang Tongguan nostalgia

The peaks are like gathering, the waves are like anger, and the mountains and rivers are like Tongguan Road. Looking at Xijing from afar, I hesitated and lamented the Qin and Han Dynasties. Ten thousand rooms in Quegong have been buried. Xing, the people suffer. Death makes people suffer.

"Appreciation Song" begins with two sentences: "The peaks are like a cluster, and the waves are like anger". It depicts the majestic momentum of the mountains and rivers in Tongguan area with two vivid metaphors, with straight and white feelings and tragic feelings. The author used the words "ju" and "nu" to write the dense peaks and surging waves, which made the beginning of the whole song shrouded in an extraordinary momentum. If the first two sentences are divided into mountains and rivers, then the third sentence is to write mountains and rivers together and point out the danger of Tongguan terrain. "Mountains and rivers are outside" comes from Zuo Zhuan's twenty-eight years of Nuogong: "Mountains and rivers will be harmless outside" Du Yu's note: "The river outside Shanxi is the mountain inside." There is Huashan Mountain in Tongguan and the Yellow River outside. The situation is very dangerous. In the fourth sentence, the author turns to lament the rise and fall of history. Tongguan is the barrier of the ancient capital Chang 'an. When I arrived in Tongguan, I naturally contacted Chang 'an. "Looking at the western capital from a distance, the meaning is still unfinished" describes the author's infinite feelings about looking at Chang 'an from a distance. Why should the author "hesitate"? Why do you feel ups and downs and lost in thought when you look at Xijing in the distance? How does the author feel? "Sadness is in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and thousands of palaces have soil." These two sentences express their contents and become the best footnotes of the first two sentences. The author lamented the rise and fall of Qin and Han Dynasties. Chang 'an and Xianyang near Chang 'an are the capitals of Han and Qin. Qin Shihuang Hanwu, who was once famous, once showed his grand plan to unify the whole country here. However, now they have painstakingly built countless halls and pavilions, and thousands of waterside pavilions and pavilions have all turned to dust. The once prosperous Qin and Han Dynasties are now a thing of the past, and the ruthless history has erased the traces left by Qin and Han Dynasties. In this regard, the author can't help but feel deeply and grieve. "Xing, people suffer, death, people suffer." The last two sentences are the eyes of the whole song. If this song only stays on the general historical sigh of remembering the past, it is very ordinary and lacks shocking artistic power. Zhang is not so, but summed up a universal law in historical development from the rise and fall of one or two dynasties, closely linked the rise and fall of feudal dynasties with the sufferings of people's livelihood, and clearly pointed out that people in any dynasty had their ups and downs. The presentation of this theme shows the author's historical knowledge and superb artistic generalization ability. The last eight words, with sharp tone and warning, rich and profound meanings, are a very incisive summary of the whole song, which makes the whole song enter a higher artistic realm.

Xishi

[Tang] Luo Yin

Why do Wu people complain about history when the country rises and falls?

If history overthrew the State of Wu, who was the loser of the State of Yue?

Bianhe nostalgia

[Tang] Pi Rixiu

It is said that the Sui Dynasty perished because of this river, but now it is still flowing, and the north and south ships are unimpeded.

If there is no water temple dragon boat, there are not many theories about * * *.

red wall

A broken iron halberd sank into the sand and disappeared, only to find that it was the remnant of Battle of Red Cliffs after grinding and washing.

If the east wind is not convenient for Zhou Yu, I'm afraid the outcome will be Cao Cao's victory and Er Qiao's detention in Tongquetai.

Appreciating this is an epic of Du Mu, which is a sense of things. In this poem, the poet is excited by things and nostalgic for the remains of Battle of Red Cliffs: the iron halberd has not been sold, and the personnel have gone, and he is deeply touched. This technique of seeing the big from the small and recalling the past has the beauty of the whole body. The last two sentences of this poem are particularly ingenious. They cite historical facts, but they don't stick to them. But to give it wings of imagination and create a soaring image. These two comments, with bold assumptions, are surprising, and they were written from the side, saying that Zhou Yu's victory in Battle of Red Cliffs was just a fluke, in order to express his feeling of being incompetent. As He Yi, a poet in A Qing, said, "Du Mu's poems make a mockery of the merits of Chibi, because he is lucky. If heaven is not convenient and there is an east wind, the country will be broken. " (Editor-in-Chief, Hubei Institute of Education)

A berth on the Qinhuai River

Smoke cage cold water moon cage sand, night parking near Qinhuai restaurant.

Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but they still sing "backyard flowers" across the river.

Appreciating "Su Qinhuai Restaurant" seems mediocre, but it is worth pondering. There is a strong logical relationship in this poem. Because "staying in Qinhuai", it is "close to the restaurant". But the first four words point out the time and place for the scenery of the previous sentence, making it more personalized and typical, and taking care of poetry; The last three words open the way for the following, because "near the restaurant" leads to "merchant girl", "national subjugation hate" and "back garden flower", which also touches the poet's feelings. Therefore, judging from the development of poetry and the expression of emotion, the word "near the restaurant" is like opening the floodgate, and the river will gurgle out and gush out. These seven words are a link between the preceding and the following. The whole network and the poet's meticulous and ingenious ideas can be seen here.

A businesswoman is a singer who waits on others. What they sing depends on the taste of the audience. It can be seen that the poem's saying that "business women don't know the national subjugation and hate" is a kind of ballad, and the real "national subjugation and hate" is the appreciators in that building-feudal nobles, bureaucrats and gentry. The "backyard flower", namely "yushu backyard flower", is said to have been made by Chen Houzhu, a dissolute and wrong country in the Southern Dynasties. This decadent voice has made the Chen Dynasty perish. However, in this declining era, some people use this voice of national subjugation for fun instead of thinking about national affairs. How can this not make the poet worry that history will repeat itself? The word "across the river" is inherited from the story of "national subjugation and hatred for the rich", which means that the Sui soldier Chen Shijiang was in Hebei, while the small court in the Southern Dynasties was in danger across the river, while Chen Houzhu was still indulging in debauchery. The word "still singing" skillfully and naturally connects history, reality and imagined future into a line, which is meaningful. "Businessmen don't know how to hate their country, but still sing" backyard flowers "across the river. They are called "swan songs" because of their beautiful and brisk style, showing bitter satire, deep sorrow and infinite emotion. These two sentences express sober feudal intellectuals' worries about state affairs, and also reflect that bureaucrats and nobles are filling their decadent and empty souls with singing and dancing, leading a drunken life, which is a portrayal of two different aspects in the real life of the decline of the late Tang Dynasty.

Nursery rhymes in Huanling era

For a scholar, I don't know books; Cha Xiaolian, father separated.

Cold element is as naive as mud, and high soldiers are as timid as chickens.

Wu tongyao

Drink Jianye water instead of Wuchang fish.

I would rather die in Jianye than Wuchang.

The capital is Yan Songyu.

Folk songs in Ming dynasty

Funny Yan Jiexi, gold and silver are piled up like mountains, and knives and saws are loyal. Try watching crabs coldly and see how long you run amok.

Heiweipai

Liu Yuxi

There are some weeds blooming by the Suzaku Bridge, and there is only sunset at the corner of Wuyi Lane.

Swallows under the eaves of Wang Dao and Xie An have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.

[Notes]

1. Zhuque Bridge: Near Wuyi Lane, it is a bridge outside the south gate (Zhuque Gate) of the capital of the Six Dynasties, and it was the main traffic road at that time.

2. Wuyi Lane: In today's southeast of Nanjing, this poem is the second of the five topics in Jinling, describing the past and present changes of Wuyi Lane.

3. Xie Wang: refers to the homes of Wang Dao and Xie 'an in big noble, Eastern Jin Dynasty, and Wuyi Lane is the place where these two big noble lived together. The last two poems are about vicissitudes of life, which naturally becomes a bitter satire on the rich and nobles.

4. Ordinary: Ordinary, ordinary.

[Brief analysis]

This is the second poem in Liu Yuxi's Five Topics of Jinling. Through the description of the sunset weeds and swallows changing owners, the poet profoundly shows the great changes in the past and present, and implies ridicule and warning to the rich and powerful families.

At the beginning of the poem, there are two sentences: "Weeds are in full bloom by the Suzaku Bridge, and the sun is setting at the corner of Wuyi Lane". Wuyi Lane is in the southeast of Nanjing today, on the south bank of Qinhuai River. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dao, Xie An and other rich people once lived here. "Suzaku Bridge" was near Wuyi Lane, which was the main traffic road at that time. It is conceivable that the traffic here is busy and prosperous. But now there are only "weeds and flowers" by the bridge. A word "wild" tells the decline and desolation of the scene. And "Wuyi Lane" is in the sunset. Under the "sunset", adding the word "oblique" effectively renders the bleak scene of the sunset.

At the beginning of the poem, a neat antithesis sentence is used to describe today's decline scene, which is in sharp contrast with the prosperity of the past.

Three or four sentences: "In the old days, Xieyan Wang flew into the homes of ordinary people". Swallow is a migratory bird. Spring has come and autumn has gone. Swallows used to fly in and always built their nests in the spacious houses of Wang, Xie and other aristocratic families. Now there are no pavilions in the old clan, and ordinary people live here. Swallows can only "fly into the homes of ordinary people." At the beginning of the third sentence, the poet particularly emphasized the word "old times", cleverly giving Swallow the identity of a historical witness. The fourth sentence uses the word "ordinary" to emphasize that the residents in the past and now are completely different, thus effectively expressing the great changes in the world. The decline of aristocratic families in the Jin Dynasty implies that contemporary nouveau riche will inevitably make the same mistakes.

This poem describes the scenery throughout, without adding a comment. The poet put pen to paper from the side and expressed it by artistic means of seeing the big from the small. The language is implicit and intriguing.