What are the common shade trees?

Also known as Qingtong. Fig tree, fig tree. Deciduous tree, tree height 15m. The young bark is turquoise, and the old stem is slightly gray. There are few branches and long internodes. The terminal buds have strong growth potential, and the lateral buds are generally not easy to germinate and are not resistant to pruning. The big leaves are heart-shaped, five-veined, palmately 3-5-lobed. Long growth life, recorded tree age 100 years or more. Deep roots and thick straight roots. China is distributed from Hainan to North China. I like light and warm and humid climate conditions. I like deep, fertile and well-drained soil. Resistant to drought, afraid of stagnant water, and intolerant to salt and alkali. Big trees are easy to survive after transplantation. It has strong absorption ability to sulfur dioxide and hydrogen fluoride, strong resistance to chlorine and ammonia, and also has the functions of dust absorption and noise reduction, so it is an excellent tree species for environmental protection. The buttonwood tree is tall and straight, towering and majestic. The bark is green and smooth, and the tree looks elegant and vulgar. In summer and autumn, the leaves are sparse and the trees are green, which is an excellent traditional shade tree in China and can be used as street trees and landscape trees. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a saying in Chen Jiru that "every quiet room planted phoenix trees first, then planted bamboo trees", which was also called "the interest of green trees" and "the shadow of summer and autumn" to cover up the power of steam cracking. Leaves fall in autumn and winter, with a kind of joy. Fu Wei's Ode to the Indus said: "The beauty of the poet is precious, and the Indus is almost sunrise." . Feng Wei, with flowers and lush trees, lined up in a row. Two parallel doors, as the emblem of the pavilion, blocked the dragon driving of the son and rested on the shoulders of travelers. Looking forward to the separation between China and reality, I want to be in the wind. "For thousands of years, there has been a wonderful legend in China that the phoenix tree was planted and attracted golden phoenix. Therefore, the phoenix tree has become a legendary tree in the garden.

2. Tung

Scrophulariaceae, Paulownia. Deciduous trees, trees up to 25 meters high. Branchlets stout, grayish brown. The leaves are large, heart-shaped, rectangular, and shallowly lobed about 1/4 ~ 1/3. Corolla funnel-shaped, milky white to purplish with purple spots inside. Flowers are large and most cymes are arranged in terminal panicles. The flowering period is from March to April, and the flowering period is lush and eye-catching. It is distributed in the provinces south of the Yangtze River basin, starting from Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Taiwan Province provinces in the east, Sichuan and Yunnan in the west, and Guangdong and Guangxi in the south. Strong positive fast-growing tree species, like warm climate, more resistant to water and humidity, and have strong adaptability to sticky and barren soil. Strong ability of germination and tillering. It can absorb smoke and resist toxic gases. Paulownia has straight trunk, large crown, thick shade and full of flowers. It is an excellent choice for shade trees and can also be planted as street trees.

3.beech tree

Ulmaceae, beech tree. Deciduous trees, trees up to 25 meters high. The bark is dark gray and smooth. Old trees usually split longitudinally at the base. 1 year branches are reddish brown and hairy. The leaves are oval and ovoid, with rough leaves and dense gray hairs on the back. South of the Yellow River Basin, it is widely distributed in Central China, South China and Southwest China. I like light and warm and humid climate, especially calcareous soil. I don't like stagnant water, and I don't like being dry and barren. Resistant to smoke and dust, toxic gas, air purification and wind resistance. The beech tree has a straight trunk, a canopy like a canopy and shade, and its leaves turn reddish brown in autumn. It is also a beautiful street tree and shade tree, and an excellent tree species for building windbreaks. Wood is tough, beautiful in texture and high in quality.

4. Toona sinensis

Toona sinensis of Meliaceae. Deciduous trees, trees up to 25 meters high. The bark is dark brown with strips peeling off. Even-pinnate compound leaves, with 10 ~ 20 leaflets, oblong to broadly needle-shaped, fragrant. The flowers are white and fragrant, and the flowering period is May-June. Originated in central China, it reaches southern Liaoning and northern China in the north, Guangdong and northern Guangxi in the south, and Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan in the west. Among them, Shanxi and Hebei are the most planted. Sex likes light, but is not tolerant of yin. It can grow well in neutral, acidic and calcareous soils. Deep roots, strong germination ability, fast growth and strong resistance to toxic gases. Toona sinensis is a traditional shade tree with dense branches and leaves, thick crown, straight trunk, bright red leaves and beautiful appearance. Street trees are planted in the construction of modern cities. Buds and leaves are edible.

5. Pterocarya stenoptera

Juglandaceae, Pterocarya. Deciduous trees, trees up to 30 meters high. Young bark is reddish brown and smooth; Gray when old, with deep longitudinal cracks. Odd pinnate compound leaves, 10 ~ 28 leaflets, rectangular. Catkin droops, and the flowering period is April-May. Male inflorescence is solitary in leaf axils, and female inflorescence is solitary in the upper part of new branches. The ear is drooping, the nut has wings, and the fruit period is August-September. Widely distributed in Southeast China, North China, East China, Central China, South China and Southwest China. Deep roots, obvious taproots and developed lateral roots. I like light, but I don't like shadows. Like warm and humid climate conditions, water and humidity resistance, and require neutral and acidic sandy loam. Strong germination. Resistant to smoke and dust, and has certain resistance to toxic gases such as sulfur dioxide. Pterocarya stenoptera has a broad crown and dense branches and leaves. It can be used as a landscape tree with good effect of single planting or cluster planting. At the same time, it is also an excellent tree species for street trees and an excellent germplasm for dike reinforcement and protection.

6. Albizzia julibrissin

Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosaceae. Deciduous trees, trees up to 10 m. Double pinnate compound leaves, elegant in shape, open during the day and closed at night. Graceful branches, open crown and good shade. Flowering from June to July, the umbrella-shaped head with pink filaments and slender tassels is very beautiful. Light-loving, cold-resistant, lax in soil requirements, drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant and afraid of stagnant water are mostly distributed in the south of the Yellow River in China. Albizia Albizia flowers are covered with green shade and blooming clusters of red flowers, which are unique, beautiful and elegant. It is an excellent tree species for flower viewing and shade, and can be planted as street trees and landscape trees. The trunk of Albizia Albizia seedlings is prone to tilt and bend, and cultivation measures such as close planting and dry breeding can be taken to improve the quality of seedlings. In crown cultivation, three or four evenly distributed new branches can be selected as the main branches after the main branches are fixed, and the lateral branches can be shortened in winter to expand the crown as soon as possible. Let it grow later and form a natural happy crown. When there is baldness around, it should be retracted and updated in time, and the dead branches should be sparse. The main pests and diseases are longicorn beetles and canker, so attention should be paid to timely prevention and control.

7. Persimmons

Persimmon family, Diospyros. Deciduous tree, tree height15m, natural semi-circular crown. Bark dark gray, branchlets densely covered with brown or brown hairs, gradually falling off. The leaves are oval, nearly leathery, dark green and shiny. Flowering from May to June, the corolla is bell-shaped, 4-lobed, yellow and white. 3 Male flowers gather to form cymes, and female flowers are solitary leaf axils. The fruiting period is from September to 65438+ 10. Berries are ovoid or oblate, orange or bright yellow, and ovoid calyx persists. It is native to China, north to the south of Hebei Great Wall, northwest to the south of Shaanxi and Gansu, southwest to Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, south to Guangdong and Guangxi, and southeast to Taiwan Province Province. Sex likes sunshine, warmth, cold tolerance and drought tolerance. Not strict with soil, but I don't like sand. Developed root system, strong germination and long life. Grafting propagation, the northern persimmon takes Junqianzi as the rootstock, and the southern persimmon rootstock is Junqianzi or Laowa persimmon. Persimmon is a good choice for planting shade trees because of its large branches and leaves, spreading like an umbrella, red in autumn and solid as fire. Shading in summer and watching fruit in autumn are not only pleasing to the eye, but also a pleasing enjoyment. It is another excellent tree species that combines landscaping with production and cultivation. Groups of plants are planted on hillsides, slopes or pools and lakes, forming a unique scene, which is spectacular when the autumn wind gradually rises.

8. Loquat

Rosaceae, loquat. Small evergreen tree, with a height of10m. Branchlets, leaf backs and inflorescences are densely rusted. The leaves are thick, leathery, oval, with inverted needles, wrinkled and shiny surface. These flowers are white and fragrant. Fruit subglobose, yellow or orange. 10 ~ 12 blooms and matures in early summer of the following year. Flowers are honey sources, leaves can be used as medicine, and fruits are delicious. Native to China, there are wild forests in Sichuan and Hubei, and they are mostly cultivated as fruit trees in the south of China. Like light, slightly resistant to shade, not cold. Slow growth and long life. Shoot new buds three times a year, and the grafted seedlings will bear fruit for 4 ~ 5 years. Loquat trees are neat and beautiful, with shady leaves and evergreen luster. White flowers are in full bloom in winter and golden fruits are covered with branches in summer. It can be planted alone as a shade tree or as a street tree. The crown is neat and the layering is obvious. Generally, it is not trimmed, but the branches that are not properly placed need to be trimmed slightly.

9. Phoebe bournei

Lauraceae, nanmu. Evergreen trees, trees up to 20 meters high. Branchlets densely rust-colored, fluffy, leaf blade obovate, elliptic. China's Yangtze River basin and its south are widely distributed, and Indo-China Peninsula is also cultivated. Generally born in wet valleys below 1000 meters above sea level. It is resistant to shade and likes warm and humid climate and fertile and humid soil. Cold tolerance is stronger than nanmu. Phoebe bournei has a beautiful tree shape and can be used as a shade tree and a landscape tree. This material is hard, corrosion-resistant and of good quality. Sesame oil can be extracted from roots, branches and leaves. Homologous species: Zhejiang (produced in Zhejiang), with yellowish bark. The leathery surface of leaves is thick and oval. It grows faster and has a tall tree shape. Strong adaptability, easier to cultivate than nanmu.

10. Torreya grandis

Taxaceae, torreya. Evergreen trees, trees up to 20 meters high. Bark grayish yellow, longitudinally split. Big branches rotate, 1 year-old branchlets are green and opposite. The leaves are strip-shaped, straight without bending, dark green and soft. Seeds oblong. Produced in southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, southern Anhui and Hunan. Resistant to shade, like warm and humid climate, not cold-resistant. Likes to be born in acidic fertile soil and has strong resistance. Slow growth and long life. Torreya grandis is a unique tree species in China with neat crown and dense branches and leaves. It is an ideal shade tree with strong smoke resistance and few pests and diseases, and can also be planted as street trees and landscape trees.

1 1. bamboo and cypress

Podocarpaceae, Podocarpus. Evergreen trees, trees up to 20 meters high. The bark is smooth, reddish brown and divided into small pieces. The branches extend outward and the crown is conical. The leaves are oval, dark green and shiny. Originated in Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Sichuan provinces. I like a warm and humid climate, with an annual average temperature of 18 ~ 26℃ and a minimum temperature of -7℃. Northern Jiangsu can take advantage of the microclimate of leeward and sunny to cultivate in the open air in winter. I like acidic sandy loam to light clay. Strong negative tolerance and good natural regeneration in the crown. Bamboo and cypress have beautiful leaves, which are excellent choices for shade trees. Varieties are: ① oval variety with round leaves. ② Platycladus orientalis leaves are thin and shrubby. ③ There are white spots on the leaves of cedar. ④ There are yellow stripes on the leaves of variegated varieties.

12. Sabina vulgaris

Cupressaceae, Sabina. Evergreen trees, up to 20 meters high. Leaf type 2, scalelike leaves opposite; Small tree with spiny leaves and 3-bladed leaves. The crown of the tree is pointed or conical, and the old tree is wide oval or bell-shaped. Dioecious, with nearly round cones. It is distributed in southeast China, North China provinces, Yangtze River valley, northern Guangdong, northwestern Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Japan, North Korea and other places. Like light, young trees have a slight tolerance for shade. Drought-tolerant and barren, it can grow on acidic, neutral and calcareous soil, and it is an excellent garden tree species in calcareous soil area. Deep-rooted, cold-resistant, avoid water wet. Resistant to shaping and pruning, long life. In temples, ancestral temples, mausoleums and memorial halls, it is mostly used to plant shade trees or landscape trees, and it is common in ancient cypresses for thousands of years. For example, there are four ancient cypresses in Suzhou Guangfu Situ Temple, which are "Qing", "Strange", "Ancient" and "Strange". Their branches and veins are connected, which is amazing. As a roadside tree planting, it has strong anti-pollution ability and extensive management resistance, and it is green all year round. If you plant tall deciduous trees or flowering shrubs, the effect is better. There are many varieties and horticultural varieties, and garden greening cultivation is widely used, but it is not suitable to be applied near pear cultivation areas to avoid the spread and occurrence of pear rust. The main garden cultivated varieties are: ① cv. Cylindrical crown trees. Branchlets are slightly twisted up, and skirt branches are not easy to wither. The leaves are all scaly, dense and green. It is a famous tree species for tunnels, and can also be used as landscape trees and hedge trees. ② cv。 Pyramid tree, a small tree with a cylindrical crown, has straight and dense branches. Leaves are prickly, cultivated in the Yangtze River valley, and like warm and humid environment. Can be used for landscape trees or modeling hedges. ③ cv。 Pfitzeriana is a tufted shrub with undeveloped trunk and beautiful branches extending obliquely from the ground, which is suitable for planting under trees in natural gardens. Portulaca oleracea, creeping shrub, tree height 0.5 ~ 1.0m ... crown diameter 2 ~ 3m. Young trees have spiny leaves, opposite leaves, closely arranged, slightly inclined, and branchlets rise into dense clumps; Old trees have many scales and leaves. Barren-resistant, can be born in cracks in rocks; Strong cold tolerance. Mostly used for landscaping and planting ground cover plants.

The application of vine species in shade planting in courtyard has unique ecological and environmental benefits and ornamental effects in improving greening quality, enhancing garden effect and beautifying space. Its main forms of use are climbing shed, column, door (window) eaves, walls, rocks and so on. For example, there is a wisteria in the gate of Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, which is said to have been planted by Wen Zhiming in the Ming Dynasty and has a unique scenery. Because the climbing organs and climbing performance of each tree species are different, it is necessary to teach students in accordance with their aptitude when choosing. Such as wisteria, honeysuckle, woody, Akebia, etc. Grapes with strong winding ability or tendrils should be selected for shed corridors and racks, and barbed varieties such as marble and Rosa davurica can be selected for fences and grids; The smooth surfaces of doors, eaves, walls and attached walls include Lingxiao, Parthenocissus tricuspidata and Ficus pumila. They have climbing organs such as air roots or suction cups. Of course, when the use area is not large or special effects need to be deliberately created, artificial climbing facilities can be borrowed, such as laying nails, rope nets, wooden fences, fences or flowerpots, flower ponds, flower boxes with irrigation and drainage functions, etc., to expand the selection and application scope of tree species. In addition, in the open garden space, wisteria, grapes and radix aucklandiae should be used. I like light and drought tolerance, because the sunshine time is long, the light intensity is large, and the soil moisture evaporation is large. For example, honeysuckle, ivy and other moisture-resistant tree species should be planted in the corner of the house or in the shade on the north side of the building with short sunshine time.

Although climbing plants have been used in different degrees in various green spaces, compared with other trees and shrubs, their practical application types, scope and resources development efforts are quite limited. There are only more than 20 common species, and the application is generally limited to climbing or hanging on flower stands, shade sheds and walls, and the application field can be broadened. For example, the greening of overpass can not only climb vertically up along the bridge column, but also spread horizontally along the bridge deck, which complement each other and enrich the spatial landscape of vertical greening, which is beneficial to ecology, community and environment. Another example is wall greening, which is an important content that cannot be ignored in the construction of modern urban ecological environment. Especially in the case of limited land and funds, promoting vertical greening and building wall shading can not only expand the green space and increase the green coverage area, but also effectively adjust the indoor temperature, reduce energy consumption and play a positive role in environmental improvement. In addition, many climbing plants are not harsh on soil and climate, and grow rapidly, which can be effective in the same year. They are economical, fast and effective, and are worth popularizing. Developing climbing plant resources is also an important measure to enrich the species of garden plants and enliven the greening landscape, especially the excellent vine species with the performance of viewing leaves and flowers, which can better reflect the special effect of "whoever dances in the sky with colorful chains will leave golden clouds on the ground".