The original organization of Turkey's War of Independence

The green zone on the southern border of Anatolia has actually been controlled by British warships and Greek and Italian troops, and the headquarters of the Turkish national movement has moved to the rugged central Anatolia.

In the face of nationalist opposition, the monarchy made some important Ottoman officials, such as Ataturk, hold important positions in the areas defined by the Seville Treaty as "Turkey has absolute sovereignty", which are not controlled by the allies. The reason why the Turkish government made this decision is still controversial. Some people think that this is the tendency of the Turkish government to support the national movement, while others think that the monarchy still wants to control Istanbul. Another obvious point of view is that the monarchical government drove these officials out of Istanbul in order to minimize the influence of those troops in the capital. The monarch was quoted as saying that the Allies could not be defeated without a systematic army. At that time, the national movement had two armies, one under the command of Ali Fuad Zhe Bie Soy in Ankara and the other under the command of Kazim Kalabek in erzurum.

Through secret manipulation and the cooperation of friends and supporters, Ataturk became the inspector general of all Anatolian armies, and his job was to supervise the dissolution procedure of the armed forces in Otto Province. Ataturk and his staff left Istanbul for samson on the evening of May 6th, 2009 by steamboat SS Banderma. On May 19, Ataturk arrived in samson and checked into Mintika Palace Hotel. Ataturk made people in samson aware of the landing of Greek and Italian troops, and he held many meetings. The telegraph system also enabled Ataturk to quickly get in touch with various troops in Anatolia and contacted many nationalist groups. He telegraphed to foreign ambassadors and military departments to protest against British aid to Greek robbers and British territorial interference. After staying in samson for a week, Ataturk went to Hafza, 85 kilometers away.

Ataturk wrote in his autobiography that he needed the support of the whole country. His heroic status after Garipoli War gave him some advantages. However, this is still not enough to inspire everyone. 1965438+June 2, 20091day, met with Ralph Holbert, Ali Fuad Zhe Bie Sawyer and modified Bell and issued the Amasya Proclamation. 1965438+On June 23, 2009, Kasop learned the meaning of Ataturk's low-key action in Anatolia and reported it to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. His report did not get the attention of George Jackson, who is in charge of oriental affairs in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Boots, the leader of the British army in samson, also warned Kasop many times, but Boots's army was replaced by an army. The transfer of the British army convinced the local people that Ataturk's statement was correct. After Trabson established the National Defense Association, samson established a relatively parallel organization, which declared that the Black Sea region was not safe. What happened during the occupation of Izmir is happening again. When the British army landed in Alexandria, Kasop was discharged from the army for violating the ceasefire agreement he signed, and was transferred to other posts on August 5, 2009.

Otto's military minister Filit ordered lafitte Bell and Ataturk to ease the tension between Muslims in the Black Sea region. Filipa Shah assured them that Britain would not take military action against them. Ataturk said to his close friend, "Filipa Shah doesn't know the actual situation here. He should resign for the benefit of the empire. "

On July 2, Ataturk received a telegram from Sudan asking him to stop all operations in Anatolia and return to the capital. Ataturk was in erzurum at that time. He doesn't want to go back to Istanbul. He is worried that foreign forces will plot against him. He thinks the best way is to take a two-month vacation.

The Congress was established at the Siwars Conference. 19191kloc-0/0 On October 6th, Julius Saleh Pasha, Minister of the Navy of Ali Lisa Pasha, discussed with the National Movement. Julius Saleh Pasha did not take part in the First World War. Hulusi Saleh Pasha meets Ataturk in Amasya. Ataturk put the issue of representatives of the Ottoman Parliament on the agenda, and he hoped that Ali Rizapasha could sign an agreement with the Parliament. Ali Reza Pasha refused to make any promises after consulting Britain.

19 19 12. The first parliamentary election in the Ottoman Empire was held to establish a representative government and advocate the rationality of the central government in response to the emerging national movement in Anatolia. At the same time, some Greeks in the Ottoman Empire organized Greek national volunteers in the frontier, and they migrated on their own. Greek parliamentarians in the Ottoman parliament blocked the meeting many times, and many Greeks boycotted the parliamentary elections.

The new electoral system has formed a new Ottoman parliament, but Ali Rexiapacha is too rash about the idea that parliament can bring him legitimacy. The parliament in Istanbul is surrounded by British troops. Any decision of Congress must also be signed by Ali Reza Pasha and British officials. The power of the new government is limited. It won't be long before lawmakers know that in this case, Congress will have no credibility. Ali Reza Pasha and his government became the spokesmen of the Three Kingdoms Agreement. All laws passed must be recognized and specially instructed by Britain. 1920 65438+1October 12. Otto's last house meeting was held in the capital. At first, Sudan made a speech, and then a telegram from Ataturk showed that the legitimate Turkish government was Ankara's parliament.

In the parliament of the Ottoman Empire, a force named Fei Lavatine approved the decisions made at the erzurum Conference and the Siwars Conference. The British government realized that something they didn't want to see began to come alive. Otto Mann's government failed to curb nationalism. 1920 65438+1October 28th, some delegates held a secret meeting and proposed to elect Ataturk as the president of the conference. However, they knew that the British government could stop the meeting before it happened, so they postponed the relevant proposal. At the meeting, they also agreed to the statement of the Siwars meeting.

1920,65438+1On October 28th, the Parliament of the Ottoman Empire drew up the national contract and made it public on February 28th,1920. The national contract includes six principles: self-determination, ensuring the security of Constantinople, opening the strait and abolishing the surrender treaty. Under the influence of the national contract, all kinds of nationalism were unified, which contradicted the will of the allies. The National Movement persuaded the Ottoman Parliament to declare a national contract and urged the British government to take action to control the situation. The British government decided to control Turkey in an organized way. The British government plans to eradicate every organization from Istanbul to Anatolia, and Ataturk's national movement is a thorn in the side of the British government. The British Foreign Office was told to start solving the problem, and the Foreign Office planned to use the tactics used in the Arab uprising. However, the resources used this time will be transferred to some warlords, such as Amt Anzavour. This decision can stand firm in the Seville Treaty. Anatolia will be westernized by the Christian government, and the British government claims that this is the only way to protect Christians. The Treaty of Sevres placed most of Anatolia under the control of the Christian government in order to divide the power of the Sudanese government and let Christians (Greece, Armenia and Democratic Republic) check and balance Muslims.

Ataturk was prepared for this. He reminded all nationalist groups that the capital might release some misleading news. He also said that only by organizing protests can the British side stop its actions. He said, "Today, the Turkish nation must fight to defend its national status. The existence and independence of the country is the future of the country." Ataturk has a deep understanding of the Arab uprising and the interference between China and Britain. He is ahead of the British Foreign Office everywhere, which makes him have a high position and influence among many revolutionaries.

On March 1920, the Ottoman parliament protested to the allied forces. The protest document mentioned that Parliament could not accept the arrest of five members, but Britain took action, and the Ottoman political system was abolished, leaving Sudan as the ruler of the empire. Sudan also relied on the strength of the allies to maintain the Ottoman Empire and became a puppet of the allies.