Historical figures

Zhuge Liang’s deeds and Zhuge Liang’s story

The first version:

Three visits to the thatched cottage

When Liu Bei settled in Xinye, he realized the reason why he had wasted half his life. Although there were fierce generals such as Guan Yu and Zhang Fei around him, they had no advisers to make plans and strategies, so they sought good help from virtuous corporals. On the recommendation of Sima Hui and Xu Shu, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei came to Longzhong, Xiangyang, to visit Zhuge Liang.

When they first came to the thatched cottage, Liang had already gone out, and the three of them met Liang's friend Cui Zhouping on their way back; a few days later, Liu, Guan, and Zhang braved the wind and snow to visit the thatched cottage. On the way, I met Liang's good friends Shi Guangyuan and Meng Gongwei. When he arrived at the thatched cottage, he saw Liang's younger brother Zhuge Jun. Only then did he know that Liang had gone on a trip and was preparing to leave a note expressing his admiration. When returning, he met Liang's father-in-law, Huang Chengyan, by the small bridge at the foot of Longzhong Mountain. After a while, Liu Bei, Guan Yu, and Zhang Fei visited the thatched cottage three times, and they happened to find Liang at home, but he had not woken up from his nap. Liu Bei asked Guan and Zhang to wait outside the door. He walked in slowly and stood at the foot of the stairs with his hands folded. They did not meet each other until they woke up. [Sangu Hall: Built in the 58th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1719 AD), it is the memorial hall of Liu Bei's "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" and Zhuge Liang's "Longzhong Dui". ]

Longzhong vs.

After the Battle of Guandu, Liu Bei fled to Jingzhou and defected to Liu Biao. Liu Biao assigned him some troops and stationed him in Xinye (now Xinye County, Henan).

Liu Bei was an ambitious man, but he was always unhappy because his ambitions were not realized. He wanted to find a good assistant. He found out that there was a famous person named Sima Hui in Xiangyang, so he went to visit him.

Sima Hui said: "There are Wolong and Fengchu (pronounced chú) in this area. If you can invite one of them, you can bring peace to the world." Sima Hui told Liu Bei: Wolong's name is Zhuge Liang. , whose courtesy name is Kongming; Fengchu's name is Pang Tong, whose courtesy name is Shiyuan.

Xu Shu was also a local celebrity. He came to join him because he heard that Liu Bei was recruiting talents. Liu Bei was very happy and kept Xu Shu as a counselor. Xu Shu said: "I have an old friend Zhuge Kongming, people call him Wolong. General, would you like to meet him?" Liu Bei listened to Xu Shu's introduction and said, "Since you are so familiar with him, please take the trouble to go there." "Invite him!" Xu Shu shook his head and said, "This is not possible. The general must invite him in person to show your sincerity."

Liu Bei heard Sima's words. Hui and Xu Shu respected Zhuge Liang and knew that Zhuge Liang must be a great talent, so they took Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to Longzhong to find Zhuge Liang. After visiting the thatched cottage three times, Zhuge Liang was finally moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and received Liu Bei in his thatched cottage.

Zhuge Liang saw Liu Bei's humility in asking for advice, so he talked to Liu Bei about his ideas from the bottom of his heart. He said: "Now Cao Cao has defeated Yuan Shao and has one million troops, and he has held the emperor hostage to issue orders. This means we cannot compete with him just by force. Sun Quan has occupied Jiangdong for three generations. The terrain of Jiangdong is dangerous, and now the people To join him, there are still a group of talented people working for him. It seems that we can only unite with him and not take his ideas."

Then Zhuge Liang analyzed Jingzhou and Yizhou (today's Sichuan, China). The situation in Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, and Guizhou) was that Jingzhou was an important military location, but Liu Biao could not hold it. Yizhou has fertile and vast land and has always been called the "Land of Abundance". However, the owner Liu Zhang was also a cowardly and incompetent man, and everyone was dissatisfied with him.

Finally, he said: "The general is a descendant of the royal family and is famous all over the world. If you can occupy Jing and Yi states, unite with Sun Quan externally, and rectify internal affairs internally, once you have the opportunity, you can start from They marched on both sides of Jingzhou and Yizhou to attack Cao Cao. By then, who would not welcome the general? If we can do this, our achievements will be accomplished and the Han Dynasty will be restored." Liu Bei heard this from Zhuge Liang. After some incisive and thorough analysis, my thoughts suddenly became enlightened. He felt that Zhuge Liang's talent was rare, so he sincerely asked Zhuge Liang to come out and help him complete the great cause of reviving the Han Dynasty. Zhuge Liang then came out to assist Liu Bei.

Later, people called this incident "Three Visits to the Thatched Cottage" and Zhuge Liang's conversation was called "Longzhong Dui". (Some say it is Xiangyang Longzhong, others say it is Nanyang, it is difficult to decide?)

Wuzhangyuan

Wuzhangyuan is located in Qishan County, Baoji City, 130 kilometers east of Xi'an and 56 kilometers west of Baoji kilometers, 25 kilometers north of Qishan County.

It is more than 20 meters high and covers an area of ??about 12 square kilometers. Wuzhangyuan is surrounded by Qipan Mountain in the south and Weihe River in the north. The east and west sides are deep ditches carved by the river, making the situation dangerous. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang stationed troops in Wuzhangyuan to fight against Sima Yi. He later died of illness in Wuzhangyuan due to overwork, and Wuzhangyuan became famous all over the world. It was Zhuge Liang's last battlefield during the Three Kingdoms period.

In 234 AD, Zhuge Liang led his troops from Hanzhong, passed through the Qinling Mountains, and stationed at Wuzhangyuan. When we first arrived, we were short of food and grass, so we first settled in the fields to train our troops and waited to attack Wei. Wei general Sima Yi was well aware of Zhuge Liang's clever plan, so he stayed on the north bank of the Wei River and did not dare to send troops rashly. The two sides remained in a stalemate for a hundred days at Wuzhangyuan without fighting. Zhuge Liang had to lure Wei soldiers into Hulugou to fight, and set fire to the mouth of the valley in order to defeat Wei general Sima Yi. Unexpectedly, a heavy rain caused the Wei army to escape death. In the autumn of the same year, Zhuge Liang died of illness in the army, and the Shu army was defeated. When Sima Yi entered the place where Zhuge Liang was commanding the battle, he saw the dangerous position of the Shu army and exclaimed: "There are geniuses in the world." In order to commemorate Zhuge Liang, later generations built a temple here.

According to local folklore, when Zhuge Liang died, a star fell from the sky, hence the name. The place where Zhuge Liang was working in the fields was known as "Zhuge Tian". The place where Zhuge Liang set up military tents to command operations still has the remains of a half-meter-high city wall, about 250 meters long from north to south and nearly 100 meters wide from east to west. The local people named this small castle "Huoluo City". On the Qinling hillside south of Huoluo City, there is a flat stone with chessboard lines on it. It is said that Zhuge Liang played chess here, so the mountain was named "Qipan Mountain". Many "Zhuge pots" have been found in the soil of Wuzhangyuan, and the iron pots have official script characters of the Han Dynasty cast on them. Wudaiyuan is now a farmland, and tourists here always want to find the relics and rumors of the ancient battlefield. There is a bay in the middle of the farmland, which is called Luo Xing Bay locally, and the village in the bay is called Luo Xing Fort.

There is Zhuge Liang Temple at the north end of Wuzhangyuan. It was founded in the early Yuan Dynasty and rebuilt in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. On the walls on both sides of the Xian Hall in the temple, there are paintings of stories of the Three Kingdoms, such as Ancient City Meeting, Empty City Strategy, Three Wars with Lu Bu, etc. There are 40 pieces of bluestone inlaid under the mural. Yue Fei's handwritten "Exhortation to the Master" is engraved on the stone with vigorous and powerful handwriting. In front of the stone, there is a stone inscription by Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praising Yue Fei: "pure and uninflected, his writing is like his person". (Some say it is Xiangyang Longzhong, others say it is Nanyang, it is difficult to say?)

The story of Zhuge Liang

Eat melons and leave seeds

Zhuge Liang was not only able to grow good crops, and also has a good skill in growing watermelons. There used to be such a rule in Xiangyang area: when entering the watermelon garden, you can eat enough melons, but you cannot take away the melon seeds. It is said that this "rule" was also invited by Ge Liang to stay.

The watermelon grown by Zhuge Liang is large, sweet, and sour without tail. Everyone who comes to Longzhong as a guest or passes by must go to the melon garden to feast their mouths. The old farmers around came to learn from him the experience of growing melons. He told them without reservation that the melons should be planted on sandy soil and covered with sesame cakes or sesame oil. Many people came to ask him for watermelon seeds. Because they had not paid attention to saving the seeds before, many people had to leave disappointed. The next year, the watermelon garden opened again, and he put a sign on the ground that read: "Eat the melon tubes and keep the seeds."

Zhuge Liang washed the melon seeds, dried them, and then Distributed to nearby melon farmers. Today, watermelons from Jiajiahu, Changfengzhou and Xiaofanzhou on the sandy land on both sides of the Han River are still famous for their large size, thin skin and sweet taste. In some places, the old rule of "eating melons and leaving seeds" is still followed.

The divine plan saved future generations

The truth of this matter cannot be verified. Judging from the records, it is still possible.

According to legend, Zhuge Liang said to his descendants before he died: "After I die, one of you will encounter a serious disaster. At that time, you will demolish the house and there will be a person inside the wall." Paper bag, there is a remedy."

After Zhuge Liang died, Sima O conquered the world and became emperor. He learned that one of the generals in the imperial court was a descendant of Zhuge Liang, so he wanted to punish him. One day, Sima O found an excuse and sentenced the general to death. In the Golden Palace, Sima asked: "What did your grandfather say before he died?" The general told him Zhuge Liang's words in detail. After hearing this, Sima Yu ordered the soldiers to demolish the house and take out the paper packages. I saw a letter inside the paper bag, which said "open when meeting the emperor". The soldiers handed the letter to 0. 0 opened the letter and saw that it read: "Take three steps back after the visit." 0 immediately stood up and took three steps back. As soon as he stood firm, he heard a "click" sound, and a piece of jade fell from the roof directly opposite the Dragon Case. Smash the tables and chairs to pieces. 0 was so scared that he broke into a cold sweat.

In turn, I read the letter at the end and it said, "I saved your life, please save the lives of my descendants." After reading this letter, I secretly admired Zhuge Liang's miraculous calculation. later. He reinstated the general to his post

Zhuge Liang's Bagua Yi

In the drama and pictures, Zhuge Liang is wearing the Bagua Yi, strategizing and winning thousands of miles away. According to folklore, Zhuge Liang's Bagua Yi was a reward from his master's wife for his diligence and studiousness.

When Zhuge Liang was a boy, he studied under Mr. Shui Jing, Sima Hui. Zhuge Liang studied hard and was diligent in using his brain. Not only did Sima appreciate his virtue, but even Sima's wife also thought highly of him. She liked this diligent and studious person. , a boy who is good at using his brain. At that time, there were no clocks and sundials were used to keep time, and there was no sun on rainy days. Time is difficult to control. In order to keep track of time, Sima Hui trained the rooster to crow on time by feeding it regularly. Zhuge Liang was very talented. He could understand everything Mr. Sima said as soon as he heard it, and he was insatiable in his thirst for knowledge. In order to learn more, he wanted his teacher to extend the lecture time, but his teacher always took the rooster's crowing as the criterion, so Zhuge Liang thought: If the rooster's crowing time is extended, the teacher's lecture time will also be extended. . So he would bring some grain in his pocket when he went to school. When the chicken was about to crow, he would feed it some grain, and the chicken would stop crowing once it was full.

After some time, Mr. Sima wondered why the chicken didn't crow on time. After careful observation, he found that Zhuge Liang fed the chicken when it was about to crow. When Mr. Sima was in class, he asked the students why the rooster didn't crow on time. The other students were confused. Zhuge Liang knew it in his heart, but he was an honest man, so he truthfully reported to Mr. Sima that he fed the chicken when it was about to crow to extend the teacher's teaching time. Mr. Sima was very angry and burned his books on the spot, preventing him from continuing to study. Zhuge Liang was eager to learn, but he couldn't do it if he couldn't study, but he couldn't force it, so he went to Mrs. Sima. Sima Fu felt deep sympathy after hearing that Ge Liang was punished for asking him to feed chickens to study, so he interceded with Mr. Sima. Mr. Sima said: "You are so young. If you don't work hard on your homework, you will use your mind to deceive the teacher. This is a bad intention, and this person should not be promoted." Mrs. Sima repeatedly interceded for Zhuge Liang, saying that even though he was young, he could use his skills. I'm a bit cautious, but it's always for the sake of learning more, and I don't have any other plans. After hearing this, Mr. Sima felt that it made sense and agreed to Zhuge Liang to continue studying.

Mr. Sima burned Zhuge Liang's books in anger. After his wife persuaded him, he agreed that Zhuge Liang should continue studying. But how can you read without a book? The lady said to Mr. Sima: "You have a thousand-year-old turtle shell. It is said that if you wear it on your body, you can know the past for a thousand years and the future for five hundred years. Let Zhuge Liang give it a try. If it works "What do you want the book for?" Mr. Sima thought that the book had been burned, so he had no choice but to do as his wife said.

Zhuge Liang put the turtle shell given by his master on his body, and it became his life-long clothing - Bagua Yi. What he had learned in the past was still vivid in his mind, and he could understand the things that the teacher had not taught. a bit.

Zhuge Liang’s Goose Feather Fan

Zhuge Liang’s Goose Feather Fan represents wisdom and talent, so in dramas about Zhuge Liang, Kong Ming always holds a goose feather fan in his hand.

Regarding the goose feather fan, there is a popular story among the people. Huang Chengyan’s daughter Huang Yueying is not ugly, but a very smart, beautiful and talented girl. Huang Chengyan was afraid that promising young people would not recognize Jingshan jade, so he called his daughter "A Chou". Ah Chou Huang Yueying not only writes eloquently, but also has outstanding martial arts skills. She once studied under a famous teacher. When Yicheng came down the mountain, the master gave her a goose feather fan with the words "Ming" and "Liang" written on it. The two characters also contain densely packed strategies for conquering cities and territories and governing the country. He also told her that anyone with the word "Ming Ming" in his name is your rightful husband. Later, Huang Chengyan's son-in-law riding a dragon was Zhuge Liang, the future prime minister of Shu who had the two characters "ming" and "liang" in his name. When she got married, Huang Yueying gave Zhuge Liang a goose feather fan as a gift. Kong Ming loved the goose feather fan like a pearl in his palm and was inseparable. In doing so, he not only expresses the sincere and undying love between their husband and wife, but more importantly, he skillfully uses Shan Shang's strategy. So no matter spring, summer, autumn or winter, I always keep my fan in hand.

During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Xiangyang observation envoy Zhao Hongen wrote in "Zhuge Thatched Cottage Poems": "The fan shakes the three-pointed cauldron of the moon, and the eight formations of dark and gloomy stones form a picture." This is enough to prove that Zhuge Liang is holding a goose feather in his hand. The function of the fan and the reason why he never leaves his hand.

NOTE: Nanyang Wuhou Temple also has a saying of "visiting the thatched cottage three times", which is difficult to conclude. Everyone can watch it.

Zhuge Liang's "Execution of the Discipline"

The minister said clearly: The late emperor had not started his business half way, but the middle path collapsed. Today, Yizhou is exhausted, and this is the autumn of life and death. also. However, the ministers of the bodyguard are tireless in their internal affairs; those who are loyal and lofty are those who forget about themselves and the outside world. This is because I want to repay the special treatment of the late Emperor to His Majesty. It is sincerely appropriate to open up the Holy Ting to honor the legacy of the late emperor and to magnify the spirit of lofty ideals; it is not appropriate to belittle oneself, to use metaphors that are unjust, and to block the road of loyalty and remonstrance. In the palace and in the mansion, they are all integrated; there should be no similarities or differences in terms of punishments and punishments: if there are those who commit crimes and are loyal and good, they should be handed over to an official to discuss their punishments and rewards, so as to show your Majesty's rule of peace; it is not suitable to be partial and make different laws inside and outside. also. The ministers in charge, Guo Youzhi, Fei Yi, Dong Yun, etc., are all good and honest, with pure intentions and loyal intentions. Therefore, the late emperor simply removed them and left them to Your Majesty: I foolishly thought that the matters in the palace were not big or small, so I consulted them carefully and then implemented them. , it will surely make up for the shortcomings and bring about widespread benefits. General Xiang Chong was of good character and good military knowledge. He tried it out in the past. The late emperor called him "Neng". He was recommended by the public as the governor. He thought that everything in the camp was not big or small, so he took care of it. It will be able to make the formation harmonious, and the good and the bad will be able to find their place. Being close to virtuous ministers and staying away from villains is why the early Han Dynasty prospered; being close to villains and being distant from virtuous ministers is why the later Han Dynasty declined. When the late Emperor was here, every time he discussed this matter with his ministers, he would always sigh and hate Huan and Ling! Shizhong, Shangshu, Changshi, and the army are all ministers who have passed away on the occasion of Zhenliang’s death. I hope Your Majesty will love them and trust them, so that the Han Dynasty will be prosperous. You can count on it.

I am a commoner, working hard in Nanyang, trying to survive in troubled times, and not seeking to learn and reach the princes. The late emperor did not think that his ministers were despicable, and he was in vain. He paid three visits to his ministers in the thatched cottage, and consulted them about the affairs of the world. He was so grateful that he allowed the late emperor to drive away. Later, when the army was overthrown, he was appointed to the position when the army was defeated, and he was ordered to be in danger: You have been twenty and one year. The late emperor was cautious in informing his ministers, so he sent his ministers important information when he was about to die. Since receiving the order, I have been worried day and night, fearing that the entrustment would not be effective and would damage the late emperor's wisdom. Therefore, I crossed Lu in the fifth month and reached a barren depth. Now that the south has been secured, and the armor and troops are sufficient, it is time to reward the three armies, and to the north to secure the central plains, to exhaust the common people and the dull, to drive out the traitors, to revive the Han Dynasty, and to return to the old capital: This is why I repay the late emperor and serve your majesty loyally. As for considering profits and losses, and giving good advice, then you, yi, yun, etc. are all responsible. May your Majesty ask his ministers to bring the thief back to life, and if it fails, he will be punished, so as to report the spirit of the late emperor. If there is no word about the thief's revival, then you, Yi, Yun, etc. will be blamed for their slowness. It is also advisable for Your Majesty to make your own plans, consult the good people, listen to the elegant words, and follow the late emperor's edict deeply. I am extremely grateful! Now I should stay away from you, crying in front of my face, not knowing what I mean.

Zhuge Liang's "The Later Disciple's Biao"

The first emperor was worried about the conflict between the Han Dynasty and the thieves, and the king's career was not peaceful, so he asked his ministers to fight against the thieves. Based on the wisdom of the late emperor, the talents of ministers were measured. Therefore, knowing that ministers are capable of defeating thieves will only weaken the enemy's strength. However, if the thieves are not defeated, the royal industry will also perish. If he just sits there and waits for death, who can attack him? This is why I entrust my ministers with no doubts. On the day when I was ordered, I could not sleep well, and my food was not tasty. I thought about the northern expedition, so it was better to go south first. Therefore, I crossed Lu in the fifth month, went deep into the barren area, and ate by the sun. --I am not without pity for myself: I don't care about the king's career and can't be content with the capital of Shu, so I can't fulfill the late emperor's wishes at the risk of danger. But those who discussed it said it was not a plan. Nowadays, the thieves are tired of being in the west and are busy in the east. The art of war is to "take advantage of the labor": this is the time to advance. I would like to state the matter as follows: Emperor Gao Ming merged with the sun and the moon, and his advisers were deeply involved. However, he was involved in danger and was wounded, and he was safe after danger. Now that your majesty has not reached Emperor Gao, his advisers are not as good as good and peaceful, but he wants to win with long-term strategies and control the world: This minister One of them has not yet been solved. Liu Yao and Wang Lang, each based in the prefectures and counties, discussed the plan of peace and quiet, and attracted the saints. They were full of doubts and troubles. They did not fight this year and did not conquer next year, so that Sun Ce became powerful and merged with Jiangdong. What is the future of this minister? Solution two. Cao Cao's wisdom and plan were second to none. His use of troops was similar to that of Sun and Wu. However, he was trapped in Nanyang, in danger of Wuchao, in danger of Qilian, forced in Liyang, almost defeated Beishan, and almost died in Tongguan, and then pretended to be settled for a while. Er; the situation is that the minister is weak in talent, but he wants to make sure that he is not in danger: this minister has three unsolved problems. Cao Cao failed to attack Changba five times, and failed to cross Chaohu. He appointed Li Fu, but Li Fu tried his best, and appointed Xiahou, but Xiahou was defeated. Every time the late emperor said that Cao Cao was capable, he still failed like this. How can he win with a crossbow? This minister's question is not clear. Four. When I arrived in Hanzhong, I lost Zhao Yun, Yang Qun, Ma Yu, Yan Zhi, Ding Li, Bai Shou, Liu He, Deng Tong, etc., and drove more than 70 generals from Changtun. Cong Sou, Qing Qiang, and more than a thousand scattered cavalry and armed cavalry, all within a few decades, the elites from all four directions were gathered together, which is not owned by one state; if it takes several years, two-thirds will be lost. --Why should I seek an enemy? This minister has five unsolved problems. Nowadays, the people are exhausted and the army is exhausted, but things cannot stop; things cannot stop, so the labor and expenses of living and traveling are equal. It is not as good as the present picture. If you want to use the land of a state to fight against the thieves for a long time: this minister has six unsolved problems.

Those who find it difficult to calm down are things. In the past, the first emperor was defeated by Chu. At this time, Cao Cao raised his hand and said that the world was settled.

--Then the late emperor connected Wu and Yue to the east, took Ba and Shu to the west, raised his troops to march north, and was led by the Marquis of Xia: This was a miscalculation, and the Han Dynasty was about to succeed. --Then Wu Geng violated the alliance, Guan Yu was defeated, Zigui fell into disgrace, and Cao Pi became emperor: everything is like this and it is difficult to reverse it. The minister devoted himself to death and died; as for success or failure, it is not the minister's wisdom that can reverse it.

Mourning for Zhou Yu

Oh Gong Jin, unfortunately died young! Wouldn't it hurt people if they shorten the old heaven? My heart is really aching, so I have a glass of wine. If you are wise, please enjoy my steaming and tasting! To encourage the king to learn from a young age, to hand over the talisman to the uncle; to show righteousness and spread wealth, to make sacrifices for the people. Hanging the king's crown is weak, but thousands of miles of power are rolling; establishing hegemony and separatist rule in the south of the Yangtze River. The emperor is strong and powerful, and Baqiu is far away. The emperor's abundance makes him a good match for Xiao Qiao; the son-in-law of a Han minister is worthy of his dynasty; the emperor's spirit is worthy of his dynasty; he accepts advice and advice; he does not hang his wings at first, but he can finally fly up. Diaojun Poyang, Jiang Qian said; free and elegant, high ambition. Use your talent to show off your talent, use civil and military strategies; attack with fire to defeat the enemy, and turn the strong into weak. I miss you when you were so majestic and heroic; I cry that you died young and fell to the ground bleeding. With a loyal heart and a spirit of heroism; after three centuries of life, my name will be remembered for generations to come. I mourn you deeply and have a thousand knots of sorrow in my heart; but my liver and gallbladder have no end to my sorrow. The sky is dark and the three armies are in despair; the Lord is weeping; the friends are weeping. Liang is not talented, he begs for advice; he helps Wu to resist Cao, and assists Han to secure Liu; he provides help from head to tail, and if he survives or dies, what worries is there? Woohoo Gongjin! Farewell to life and death! Just keep your chastity, and your soul will disappear, as if it has a spirit, to learn from my heart: From now on, there will be no sound in the world! Oh, what a pain! Fu Wei is still delicious.

Book of Commandments

The conduct of a gentleman is to cultivate one’s character through tranquility and cultivate one’s virtue through frugality. Without indifference, there is no clear ambition; without tranquility, there is no far-reaching goal. Learning requires tranquility, and talent requires learning. Without learning, there is no way to expand talents, and without ambition, there is no way to achieve learning. If you are impatient and slow, you will not be able to stimulate your essence, and if you are dangerous and impetuous, you will not be able to cure your nature. Years go with the times, thoughts go with the sun, and they become withered and withered. Many people do not take on the world, and they stay in the poor house with sadness. How will they be able to get back to you!

Translation: People with moral cultivation carry out self-cultivation and exercise in this way. They use meditation and reflection to perfect themselves, and they cultivate their noble character by being frugal and saving money. If you don't have a clear mind and few desires, you won't be able to make your ambitions clear and firm. If you don't have stability and tranquility, you won't be able to realize your lofty ideals and study hard for a long time. To learn true knowledge, one must study and explore in tranquility, both physically and mentally. People’s talents are accumulated from continuous learning. If you don’t study hard, you can’t grow and develop your talents. If you don’t have an unwavering will, you can’t make progress in your studies. success. Indulgence and debauchery, negativity and neglect cannot encourage the mind and spirit; careless adventure, impatience and restlessness cannot cultivate the temperament and ennoble moral integrity. If the years and years are wasted and the time is wasted, eventually it will age like a fallen leaf day by day. Such people will not be used by society and benefit society. They will only be sadly trapped in their own poor family and ruins. By then it will be too late to regret. (Lanxi Zhuge Village) [Note: At the request of netizen Wu Chunsen]

Longzhong replied

Liang replied: "Since Dong Zhuo came, heroes have risen together, and those who have joined counties across states have Countless. Compared to Yuan Shao, Cao Cao was only a little famous but outnumbered. However, Cao Cao was able to overcome Shao and use the weak to become strong. This was not just due to the timing of the day, but also due to human conspiracy. And the princes are told not to compete with him. Sun Quan has occupied Jiangdong for three generations. The country is in danger and the people are attached to it. The virtuous people can use it. Jingzhou can be used to support Han and Mian in the north, and it can benefit from the South China Sea. It connects Wuhui to the east and Ba and Shu to the west. This is a country that uses military force, but its master cannot defend it. It is almost impossible for the general to be a general. Doesn't the general have any intention? Become an emperor. Liu Zhang is weak, Zhang Lu is in the north, the people are prosperous and the country is rich but they don't know how to care. The general is the king of the emperor. Yi, protect the rocks, make peace with the Rong in the west, pacify the Yiyue in the south, befriend Sun Quan externally, and cultivate political principles internally. If there is a change in the world, order a general to lead the Jingzhou army to Wan and Luo, and the general will lead Yi. The people of the state came out of Qinchuan. Who dared not to eat the soup in the pot to welcome the general? If this is the case, the hegemony will be achieved and the Han Dynasty will be prosperous.

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The second version:

Three visits to the thatched cottage

Xu Shu enthusiastically recommended Zhuge Liang (also called Zhuge Kongming) to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was very happy and decided to visit At that time, Zhuge Liang was living in seclusion in Longzhong outside Xiangyang City. Liu Bei took Guan Yu and Zhang Fei to Longzhong. Unfortunately, Zhuge Liang went out and did not see him. A few days later, Liu Bei braved the snow to visit again, and Zhuge Liang came again. Went for a leisurely trip with friends. Liu Bei was a little disappointed not to see Kong Ming twice, but in order to achieve his great cause, he was eager to seek talents. Regardless of Zhang Fei and Guan Yu's complaints, he arranged a third visit. This time Zhuge Liang did not go out. However, he was still awake from his nap in the thatched cottage, so Liu Bei humbly stood on the stone steps and waited until Kong Ming woke up from his sleep. Zhuge Liang was moved by Liu Bei's sincerity and agreed to go out to assist Liu Bei, and finally did it. Afterwards, "visiting the thatched cottage three times" was used as a metaphor for sincerely inviting someone, and sometimes it also meant that you had to visit the other party several times before seeing the other person.

Like a fish in water

Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times, please After Zhuge Liang (Kong Ming) came out of the mountain, he "eat at the same table and slept on the same couch". He talked about world affairs all day long and regarded Kong Ming as his teacher. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei saw this and were very unhappy, so they said to Liu Bei "Kong Ming is young, what talent do you have? Brother, you are treating him too much, and you haven't seen him show any ability!" Liu Bei persuaded them and said, "I got Kong Ming like a fish in water. There is no need to say anything more to the two younger brothers. "Like a fish in water" is used to describe finding people who are compatible with you or finding an environment suitable for your career development. For example: Professor Li hired Zhang Ming as his assistant, and he was like a fish in water. The progress of the research project was accelerated and breakthroughs were made. One difficulty after another.

The fledgling

Not long after Zhuge Liang followed Liu Bei to Xinye as a new official, Cao Cao sent Xiahou Dun to lead 100,000 troops to Bowang City and approach. Xinye. Liu Bei called Guan and Zhang to discuss meeting the enemy. Zhang Fei was originally unconvinced by Liu Bei's words, "Getting Kong Ming is like a fish in water." So he said angrily, "Brother, why don't you just send "water" to meet the enemy?" Liu Bei said, "Wise." "I rely on Kong Ming, my second brother who is brave and martial, how can I shirk the responsibility?" Liu Bei asked Kong Ming to command the battle. Kong Ming was afraid that Guan Zhang and others would not obey the order, so he asked for Liu Bei's sword and seal to show that he was in control of the military. Anyone who disobeyed the order would be killed. Kong Ming sent troops He sent generals to attack Cao's troops at Bowangpo and defeated Xiahou Dun. This beautiful victory made Guan and Zhang begin to admire Zhuge Liang and sincerely obey his orders. "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" Chapter 39 has the first comment The poem praises Zhuge Liang: "Bo Wang held a stalemate and attacked with fire, commanding Ruyi while talking with laughter. He must have frightened Cao Cao's courage, his first achievement as a fledgling!" The idiom "fledgling" originally said that Zhuge Liang won the battle as soon as he took control of the army after he came out of the mountain. Later, it was used It is used as a metaphor for someone who has just entered social work and lacks practical experience. For example: Although he may be considered a "newcomer", he has a lot of energy and is willing to learn humbly. He quickly became familiar with the business and made achievements.

He has great tips.

In order to control and kidnap Liu Bei, Sun Quan accepted the "honey trap" proposed by Zhou Yu. He pretended to betroth his sister to Liu Bei, whose wife had just died, tricked Liu Bei into marrying him in Nanxu, and then planned to put him under house arrest. , as a hostage, and then sent people to recapture Jingzhou. Liu Bei met Sun Quan's envoy, but he was suspicious, but Zhuge Liang told him to go boldly with confidence, saying with confidence that he would "use a little trick to make Zhou Yu unable to do anything; Wu "She is the sister of Hou, and she belongs to the lord; Jingzhou is absolutely safe." He asked Zhao Zilong to escort Liu Bei. Before leaving, Zhuge Liang called Zhao Zilong to him, handed him three tips, and whispered to him: "You protect the lord when he enters Wu, you should receive these three There are three tips in the bag, you can implement them in order." Zhao Zilong followed the plan and forced Sun Quan to marry his sister to make the fake come true. Later, he escorted Liu Bei and Mrs. Sun to leave Wu safely and escape from the tiger's mouth. "The tips in the bag" are now It is a metaphor for a proper method that can solve urgent problems in a timely manner.

For a moment Yuliang

Zhou Yu always wanted to kill Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang, but his plans were destroyed by Zhuge Liang one by one. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms) Chapters 51 to 56 describe the story of "Kong Ming's Three Qi Zhou Gong Jin". Zhou Yu was narrow-minded and had arrow sores on his body that were not healed. He was so angry that he finally died. He was on his deathbed. Shi Yangtian sighed: "If there is Yu, why should there be Liang!" It means "Since there is Zhou Yu, why should there be Zhuge Liang again!" From this story, the idiom "Yu Liang is born" is derived, which refers to talents that exist at the same time. Two people with equal abilities but competing against each other.

Seven Captures and Seven Verses

After Liu Bei's death, Zhuge Liang assisted Liu Chandeng

After the throne of God, the Kingdom of Shu prospered. At that time, several counties in the Nanzhong area (now south of the Dadu River in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Guizhou) rebelled. Zhuge Liang personally led the army to conquer the war. The battles were victorious, and finally Nanzhong was left. Meng Huo, the leader of the Central Committee, continued to resist. Zhuge Liang learned that Meng Huo was not only brave in fighting, but also very famous among the tribes, so he decided to focus on winning Meng Huo over. Zhuge Liang was good at using tactics and defeated Meng Huo in the first confrontation. Meng Huo was captured alive. He persuaded Meng Huo to surrender, but Meng Huo was not convinced, and Kong Ming did not force him. He let him go and let him compete again. In this way, he captured and released, released and captured Meng Huo for seven days. At the seventh time, Meng Huo was finally convinced and no longer rebelled. Zhuge Liang ordered Meng Huo and the tribal leaders to manage the original areas as usual, without sending out officials or leaving troops, so that the Han people and other ethnic groups could live in peace for a long time. , stabilized the rear of the Shu Kingdom, and created "no worries" conditions for the Northern Expedition. "Capture" means to capture, and "vertical" means to let go. "Seven captures and seven verticals" is a metaphor for being sure of defeating the opponent, and having a good strategy. Control the opponent with ease.

Indifferent and Mingzhi

When Liu Bei visited Zhuge Liang for the second time, he entered the gate of the thatched cottage and reached the middle gate. He saw a couplet written on the door: "Indifferent to clarify one's aspirations, tranquility and far-reaching." It means to use indifference and simplicity to show one's ambitions, and to use calmness to stay away from fame and fortune. This couplet shows one aspect of Zhuge Liang's moral cultivation. Zhuge Liang's "Jie Zi Shu" uses this The expression of double negative: "Without indifference, there is no clear ambition, without tranquility, there is no way to reach far." The meaning is still the same. Zhuge Liang and Wudang Mountain Zhuge Liang, a native of the Three Kingdoms period, was born in Yangdu County of Langye Kingdom (today's Yinan County, Shandong Province). When he was fourteen years old, his three siblings followed their uncle Zhuge Xuan to Yuzhang County (today's Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province). Soon, they followed their uncle to Xiangyang to join Liu Biao. After his uncle's death, Zhuge Liang's three siblings lived in the west of Xiangyang City. In a place called Longzhong, he bought land and settled down. Zhuge Liang was extremely talented and lived in Wollonggang, Longzhong. After working hard, he studied hundreds of schools of thought and showed great intellectual talent. According to "The Collection of Zhuge Liang" According to the records, Zhuge Liang had made friends with many famous people in Jingzhou at that time, and he consulted humbly for advice, and his knowledge became more and more extensive. Sima Hui, a famous ancient scholar at that time, was known as Mr. Shui Jing. He taught Taoism in Xiangyang and had many disciples. According to "Xianjian" " records that Sima Hui said to Zhuge Liang because he saw Zhuge Liang's ability to manage the world: "With your talent, you should visit famous teachers again to enrich your knowledge. E Gongjiu of Lingshan in Runan is well versed in politics and military strategy. Always ask him for advice. We will never be able to learn enough from him. You can ask him humbly." Zhuge Liang was very happy and followed Sima Hui to worship Caijiu as his teacher. Zhuge Liang lived in Caijiu for a year, but Caijiu failed. He didn't teach anything, but Zhuge Liang still served his teacher respectfully. It wasn't until Caijiu decided that Zhuge Liang was indeed a student with both morals and academics that he finally wrote "The Secret Seal Script of the Three Talents", "The Art of War Formation", and "The Guxu Xiangwang" All the books were taught to him one by one. These books included Taoism, astronomy and meteorology, and military art. Most of them were knowledge that Zhuge Liang had not touched before, which benefited him a lot. A few months later, Caijiu saw that he had already Being able to understand the mystery of the work he was taught, he recommended to him: "There is Wudang Mountain in Nanjun. This mountain has seventy-two peaks, thirty-two rocks, and twenty-four streams. The scenery is strange. The Tianzhu Peak of this mountain is purple. Xiaofeng is the highest, and there are many Taoist masters practicing in seclusion between these two peaks. Among them, the most famous leader of the North Pole is proficient in the "Lang Shu", "Jade Book", "Spiritual Talisman" and other Liujia Secret Texts and Five Elements Taoism. You are with me The main thing you learn here is the art of war, but not the Taoism. This is not enough. If you continue like this, you will fall into the extreme leftist trend. Therefore, I will take you to worship the leader of the North Pole as your teacher, and then study the Taoism in depth. So, Zhuge Liang followed Caijiu up to Wudang Mountain. After the leader of the North Pole Cult accepted Zhuge Liang as his disciple, he also put him to a test, making him chop wood and carry water every day, and eat Huang Jing. After living like this for a long time, he saw that he If he is sincere, he will be taught Taoism and then asked to go down the mountain to travel. After that, Zhuge Liang also visited Caijiu and the Beiji leader again, but found nothing, so he continued to cultivate Longzhong in hiding. Sima Huiyin knew Zhuge Liang had already achieved great success, so later when Liu Bei visited Sima Hui to inquire about world affairs, Zhuge Liang was the first person recommended by Sima Hui to him. After this, Liu Bei visited the thatched cottage three times and Zhuge Liang worshiped him as the Prime Minister of Shu, which finally showed his political and military achievements. A series of touching experiences of a genius. According to later generations, there seems to be a dispute between Nanyang and Xiangyang in Kaolongzhong and Wollongong. According to "The Collection of Zhuge Liang", "Liang's family was in Deng County, Nanyang, twenty miles west of Xiangyang City, and their name was "Long" What is recorded in "Zhong" should be based on present-day Xiangyang. There are two reasons: first, Xiangyang was under the jurisdiction of Nanyang County at that time, so it should be called Nanyang;

Second, Xiangyang borders present-day Yicheng County. There is a place in Yicheng called Denglin. The difference between being born in the world, living in the world, living in seclusion, and governing the world. Zhang Zifang of the Han Dynasty. During the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang could be said to be the representative of the school of living in the world and governing the world. Judging from Zhuge Liang's life deeds, he learned a lot of Taoist knowledge from the leaders of Caijiu and Beiji, among which His extensive knowledge in politics, military affairs, astronomy, calendars, medicine, talismans, and seal scripts, etc., were fully displayed in his career of assisting Liu Bei in conquering the world. But the only thing he failed to learn was the art of immortal training, which made him He eventually died of illness before he could live long enough. Perhaps this was the result of his Taoist master seeing that he was a man who could rule the world and had ambitions to rule the world, so he taught him in accordance with his aptitude!

Reference: Zhuge Liang's Deeds and Zhuge Liang's Story

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