How to make the language "literature" universal in college entrance examination composition

How to make college entrance examination composition language "literature and art"

Writing instruction

Any literary style is the art of using language to shape images. Without content, it won't spread far and wide. Good use of language can give the article vividness, distinctiveness and vividness. For college entrance examination composition, whether the language is literary or not is the first factor to attract marking teachers. The requirement of "literary talent" is clearly put forward in the "development level" of the new curriculum standard examination syllabus, which requires us to use appropriate words, flexible sentences and be good at using rhetorical devices and vivid sentences in writing.

"Literary talent" is a higher level language standard on the basis of "language fluency". Specifically, we need to do the following:

First, the words are appropriate.

Proper use of words means choosing the most appropriate, accurate and vivid one from several available words, and expressing the meaning you want to express properly, so as to achieve "one word into the text, nine cows don't pull" Only by using proper words can we express our ideas accurately. This requires us to temper our writing and choose which words are accurate, concrete, vivid, distinctive and rich in connotation.

In 2009, the composition "Taste Fashion" with full marks in Jiangsu college entrance examination has these words:

Alas, I can't help it. Young people walking on the road now are all dressed up. I feel the same way about your surprise. Modern people love to pursue fashion. I was shocked to see which star was wearing floral skirt, denim skirt and hot pants, and everyone was dressed like an idol drama when walking on the road. In addition, the aftermath of the "Yanzhaomen" incident in Edison Chen a few days ago was uneven, which triggered a "door fever". Both the magic gate in the entertainment circle and the corruption gate in the political field have produced the butterfly effect. Besides, it seems that naming the fans of stars has become a hot topic for everyone, such as Chris Lee's corn, Johnny's lemon and Han Geng's nest.

This passage is also very harmonious, and new words emerge one after another, giving people a brand-new feeling. This is due to the accuracy and novelty of the article language. The image of this passage is accurate and appropriate, which makes people shine. We have to admire the courage of the author to use it for me.

Second, the sentence pattern is flexible

Chinese sentence patterns are diverse, classical Chinese sentence patterns are elegant, and spoken English is pungent; Long sentences are thorough and meticulous, and short sentences are concise and lively; The unique words are distinct and prominent; Exclamatory sentences are convenient for lyricism; Questions and rhetorical questions emphasize and make people think deeply; Parallelism and overlapping sentences are magnificent; The sentence is sonorous and concise; Repeated sentences have a leisurely aftertaste. If the sentence structure of an article is monotonous, no matter how good the content is, it will appear dull and monotonous. If we can pay attention to the comprehensive use of various sentence patterns in the article and make them appropriate, the language will be lively, cadence, ups and downs, cadence.

1, combination of long sentences and short sentences

Generally speaking, long sentences are complex in structure, multi-layered, rigorous in meaning, precise and meticulous, and suitable for expressing complex ideological content; The characteristics of short sentences are concise, vivid, flexible and easy to understand. The combination of long and short sentences is patchy and easy to express emotions, which makes the article present rich connotation and musical beauty.

For example, in 2009, Hubei college entrance examination masterpiece "Standing at her door" has such a passage:

"This kind of situation can't be eliminated. You can only frown and take it to heart." Standing at the door of her colorful yard, I saw her seeing her husband off. Her husband is about to start a trip to Mount Tai with his staff, so she can't accompany him. Thinking that they can't be lovesick, she smiled and frowned and sang that touching word. Hearing this, her husband said that he was not interesting at all. "Indus is more raining, dripping at dusk. This time, what a sad sentence? " In the depressed courtyard, buttonwood leaves fall and it drizzles at dusk. She held up a pen and appealed to it for the bitterness and sadness caused by the destruction and displacement of the country, which made her amazing masterpiece. So I know this may be the last time I see her. At this moment, I seem to see the ink on the paper soaked and pulled out a beautiful plum blossom. ...

This passage is rich in emotion, lyrical and intertwined with long and short sentences. For example, "in the hollow courtyard, the plane leaves fall and it drizzles at dusk." She held up a pen and appealed to it for the bitterness and sadness caused by the destruction and displacement of the country, which made her a shocking and unparalleled work. " Short sentences are neat and magnificent, while the use of long sentences makes philosophical thinking contained in them, and the combination of length and length makes the article powerful and full of charm.

2. The whole sentence is scattered.

In an article, using the whole sentence will be dull; If you use all loose sentences, you will lack motivation. If the whole sentence is used alternately, seeking changes in the order and showing scattered symmetry, the language can have a sense of flow and rhythm. Writing is smooth and reading is catchy.

There is such a wonderful sentence in the composition "Tiptoe", the perfect score of Hunan college entrance examination in 2009:

It turns out that people stand on tiptoe to see the farther scenery, to breathe in the excitement of the heights lacking in daily life, to hold their long-awaited dreams in their arms, and to see the scenery. Between late spring and light summer, young hearts sing in the wilderness!

I remember climbing the Eiffel Tower. It stands proudly on the ground. Look up at the spire under the tower, hold the hat, raise your head and stand on tiptoe. If you hold your eyes one inch high and your feet one centimeter high, all you can see is the tower. Out of the reach of the eyes. Let the heart arrive. The van sitting in the tower meets your heart at the top of the tower. Although I stood on tiptoe in vain just now, the sense of conquest that rose in my heart finally made me stand here. Paris is lazily located on the banks of the Seine. The city is taking a nap, but my heart is pounding. I stood on tiptoe again and let the hunting wind fill my chest.

These two paragraphs are very literary, the sentence patterns are whole and scattered, and there is the beauty of cadence, which makes the article full of rhythm and shows the author's ability to control the language.

In addition, the flexible use of regular sentences and variant sentences can better express the meaning. Variant sentences break through the routine of sentence patterns and often leave a deep impression on people with novel and special "characteristics" In the composition of college entrance examination, we can also learn from the method of "chapter by chapter" in poetry creation, form a cycle of sound and emotion, strengthen the rhythm and lyrical color, and enhance the artistic appeal of the article.

Third, be good at using rhetorical devices.

Rhetoric is the flower of language art, and good use of rhetoric can make the article full of spirituality, fluent charm, vivid image and colorful.

1, skillfully use parallelism to enhance the artistic appeal of the article.

Parallelism, a rhetorical device, is used to analyze and explain thoroughly in discussion; When used for narration, the level is clear and the meaning is smooth; Used for description, profound, delicate and vivid; Used for lyric, incisive and endless.

For example, in 2009, Jiangsu excellent composition "Taste Fashion" wrote:

When people walk by car and enter the new era of four-wheel electric motors, it seems that few people walk under the moon, enjoy while walking and feel the warmest hug under the neon of the city. It seems that no one measures the land under their feet and feels the weight of life and the thickness of nature.

When people set up the whole global village through e-mail, short messages and videos and wiped out this huge city, it seems that people have lost their expectation and hope of sending plum blossoms. The swan goose flew by without any anxiety or desire to wait. Close at hand, lost the weight of life and death at the end of the world.

When people began to eat New Year's Eve in the restaurant and the family gathered in the noisy hotel lobby, people didn't seem to find that there was a lack of closeness and crowded warmth. Without busy preparation, there will be less warm words to help each other. There is no symphony of pots and pans, listening to the "taste" of the New Year. It's just a meal, so why do people who travel far away come back?

These paragraphs echo before and after, neatly and roundly, with the word "dang" in one breath, highlighting the strong and sharp contrast between modern fashion and classic tradition, revealing the deep sigh and sadness replaced by fashion, highlighting the center and enhancing the momentum of the article, which is very eye-catching.

2. Make good use of metaphors to make the language vivid, vivid and vivid.

Metaphor is the most extensive and common rhetorical device and the basic means of literary creation. Can turn intangible into tangible, highlighting the beauty of image; Can turn tangible into intangible, highlighting hazy beauty; Metaphor can also highlight dynamic beauty.

In 2009, the perfect composition of Zhejiang college entrance examination "Green Leaves Affection" recalled Grandpa: "Grandpa is a green leaf, full of high spirits. He can temporarily leave his roots and wander far away to find his own scenery. However, now that this green leaf has quietly withered, he needs to go back and stay in his hometown forever. " The author compares Grandpa to a green leaf and describes his life course of "floating", "dying" and "returning to the roots". How vivid and vivid.

3. Use more references to make the language elegant, concise and meaningful.

In 2009, the perfect composition of Shanghai College Entrance Examination, Harmony and Unity, was rich in literary talent and profound in cultural connotation, because it was quoted and applied in many places:

The same is true of dependent literature. Jung said: "Culture is ultimately deposited in personality." I think, our hearts may also rely on the integration of countless disharmonious factors, which will be more full. "My heart is full of tigers sniffing roses." This is a poem by the poet Sason. Tigers are inevitably fierce, and roses are too flexible. If both are involved, it will be a full romantic humanity! Just like Li Yian, there is a daughter modality of "fighting for crossing, fighting for crossing and opening gull heron beach"; There is also "I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong." Breathing through Changhong. Her character is not graceful or provocative, but romantic, which makes people miss the Millennium.

The author borrows a lot of famous sayings and refined language, extracts its essence, quotes its quotations and compiles the text, which shows a high school student's good skills in mastering the materials and using the language. Some sentences used in this article are the creative use of the author.

4. Use personification to make the language fresh, lively and smart.

The use of personification not only makes the things described interesting, strange and lovely; But also can clearly express the author's feelings, giving people a rich imagination. For example, the essay "intoxicating dynasty" written by a candidate in the Shandong volume of the college entrance examination in 2007 uses anthropomorphic techniques and explains: "Did my footsteps awaken your dream of prosperity? That transparent string is still shaking under your slender fingers, shaking off the fragrance on the beauty's face. Whose tears are as sweet as spring? Do you sigh when you face the silver candle Qiu Guang cold painting screen? The unique style of Yao and Tai, the helplessness beyond things, must not confuse the melody, otherwise the ancient and mellow landscape will hate you and surprise you in spring. Now, you have melted into a Tieguanyin, emitting a calm atmosphere smelted in vicissitudes of life, so that generations of literati can comment on your glorious past, a great legend! "

In addition, the use of parody makes the language vivid and agile; Duality can make the article neat in form, tight in structure, refined in words and harmonious in melody; Repetition has the functions of highlighting thoughts, expressing feelings and strengthening language context; Questions and rhetorical questions can strengthen the language situation and add luster to the article if used properly.

Fourth, sentences are expressive.

The expressive force of a sentence means that the language is not straightforward, shallow and concise, which contains profound artistic conception and profound philosophy, giving readers room to chew and aftertaste, and can inspire and teach people.

1. Make good use of verbs, quantifiers and reduplicated words to enhance language expression.

Verbs are well used, which can show dynamics, highlight forms and convey emotions; Clever use of words can not only make language expression accurate, but also make sentences vivid; The use of reduplicated words can enhance the musicality of language, try to draw emotional objects and greatly enhance the expressive force of language. For example, in 2009, the perfect composition "Tiptoe" in Hunan wrote the scene of saying goodbye to my mother: it's far away and it's about to turn. I stood on tiptoe and squatted on the window. I saw my mother standing on tiptoe and waving to me. ...

A series of verbs used in this passage are vivid, dynamic and vivid, expressing the truest feelings in a simple and simple way, leaving a deep memory for readers. What a deep love! Looking forward to it! .

Another example is the wonderful use of such a quantifier in the perfect composition of Shandong Province in 2007, which greatly enhances the expressive force of language: an apricot, a spring breeze and a pool of blue waves show the unrestrained spring; An ape crow, a line of troops, continues the autumn melancholy; A solitary root, a fragrant pulse, winter firmness is blooming, and thousands of things are always related to love. The indifferent interest of nature has given us infinite beauty of life, away from flashy, noisy, indifferent, quiet and carefree nature.

2. The combination of reason and form adds poetic nourishment to the core of philosophy.

Dry reasoning will definitely not impress people. The expressive language of images can convey a distant artistic conception and make philosophy attractive. For example, in 2008, the excellent composition of Shandong College Entrance Examination, "Spring comes and grass grows green", tells a philosophy of life: look for it, and the rivers and mountains in Wan Li will do their best in spring. Wildfire never quite consumes them, the vernal equinox rises again, outside Yumenguan, the heroism of Liu and Xiang resounds through the sky. Regardless of success or failure, the green grass color is endowed to the Central Plains to recuperate. Flowers have touched the green shore of the lake, spring mud protects flowers, and the wind lives in agarwood. Heroes and this eternal world.

Another example is the image interpretation of Witness, an excellent composition of Shandong college entrance examination in 2009: Witness is Sima Qian's masterpiece of "studying the relationship between man and nature, linking the changes of ancient and modern times and becoming a family statement"; Witness the history of the rise and fall of feudal families in Cao Xueqin's works; Witness is a vivid character in Lu Xun's works. ...

3. Render the artistic conception with magnificent language, thus enriching the linguistic meaning of the article.

Writing can't float all the meanings on the surface of language, but should be implicit, curved but not straight, leaving room for imagination. If you write your own spiritual experience and blend it with humanistic colors, you will leave a deep impression on readers. For example, in 2009, the first three paragraphs of Zhejiang excellent composition "Remember My China Color" outlined such an artistic conception for us with vivid language:

I stood on a ravine, wrinkled and mottled mountain ridge, overlooking everything under my feet.

Sunset covered my whole body with gold, and the golden light slipped from my arm and fell into this land, my plateau color and my China color. I have the same color as the plateau.

The heroic northwest wind came quietly, and my skirt and trouser legs sang rough ancient songs. Silence, there is not a bird around, there is not a clump of green grass, only the plateau and I enjoy the seamless intercourse with the early people in the song, which is small and grand, illusory and real.

The words used in these three paragraphs are very expressive. They describe the scene with colorful words such as sunset, golden yellow and plateau color, and dynamic and vivid words such as crisscross of ravines, mottled wrinkles, roughness and silence, rendering a strong sense of picture and color.

4. Express in simple and natural language

Poetic language is beautiful, so is simple, natural and concise language. The article is simple and natural, with no traces of knives and axes, which shows the author's artistic attainments. Language is the messenger of the soul, and a touching heart will inevitably produce touching language. Writing in the examination room should naturally reveal the true feelings, abandon the gorgeous emptiness with fresh personality and return to simplicity and truth; Simple narration contains rich life and culture.

Comment on examples

Example 1:

See evidence

Just like the smoothness and gentleness of the ancient Jiangnan water town, the green grass at the bottom of the West Lake mirror was picked up one by one; Just like the wild and open-minded Yuan Ye far north of the Yangtze River, it fell from the sky together. (With two sentences full of momentum, the literary talent is enhanced, the center is prominent, and the momentum of the article is enhanced and it is very eye-catching. ) is an ancient writing in China, which witnessed the tortuous history of Chinese civilization. This passage conveys a distant artistic conception in vivid and vivid language, which makes philosophy attractive. Point at the beginning, fascinating)

It is a glittering Oracle Bone Inscriptions, reflecting the ancient cypress in the Mausoleum of the Yellow Emperor, and witnessing the flourishing age of the Yellow Emperor that began 5,000 years ago. It was a bronze inscription shining with green light and penetrating the distant starry sky, which turned into the majesty of Simu Wuding in a thousand words and witnessed the glory of the bronze age. It is a silk road that winds thousands of miles across the vast desert, bearing the profundity and spirituality of answering letters and witnessing prosperity and peace; It is a colorful blue-and-white porcelain with majestic and heavy Chinese characters engraved on it, which bears witness to the wisdom and diligence of the ancient porcelain garden. Words such as "shining", "shining", "rotating", "brilliant", "profound and clever", "vigorous" and "intelligent and diligent" are accurate, novel and vivid, showing people a profound literary foundation and the ability to choose words and sentences. No matter where, Chinese characters bear the civilization of the Chinese nation and witness the civilization of a thousand-year-old country. (Lenovo is rich, which expands the content of the article and adds cultural connotation)

I still remember that bamboo slips are stained with sweat and ink, and they are full of breath and rhyme, which has been passed down through the ages and witnessed the mystery of literature. Twenty-four histories bring out the best in each other, and each square character perfectly fits the long river of witnessing history. Every word, every poem, rolls up an ancient and heavy breath in the vast river, but it is also mixed with blood waves. (The long and short sentences in this paragraph are intertwined and full of charm. Use short sentences, neat and imposing. The use of long sentences makes philosophical thinking included)

Don't forget the blood and tears flowing in the sea of Lushun, don't forget that the string of pearls in Taiwan Province Province fell into the hands of the enemy, don't forget that the sky over Yuanmingyuan still resounded with gunfire, don't forget that the monument in Nanjing was covered with tears and pains of many people, and don't forget that the scars and words of that humiliating history were recorded one by one. (Make good use of the teaching materials of various subjects, and there are inexhaustible writing materials in the teaching materials). This is a testimony, and every word witnessed is so profound that every word cannot be erased. It witnessed the tortuous course of the Chinese nation. (This passage is emotional, lyrical, meaningful and sincere. The author has a broad vision and the materials used in the article have great cultural connotations, which makes the article rich in content. )

But the twists and turns are only temporary. Writing, an ancient spirit, is strong and unyielding in its bones, and has always witnessed the rise of the Chinese nation. (Never forget to ask questions)

Looking at the present, with the cock of Dongfanghong crowing, 30 years of reform and opening-up history has made China stand tall. We are not afraid of the ice springs and earthquakes in Wenchuan, and all the forces will be recorded in writing and engraved in history, reflecting ancient and modern times.

Like the people of China, China people witnessed the humiliation of distant civilization and modern times, and finally stood up, shed blood and tears, and stood at the eastern end of the world, witnessing these proud times. The staggered use of whole sentences, seeking change in order and showing patchwork in symmetry, can make the language have a sense of flow and rhythm. Write fluently and read fluently)

I have been witnessing, witnessing the continuous self-improvement of the Chinese nation and witnessing the prosperity and strength of the Chinese nation. (Go back and forth freely) (After you finish the problem, you can say the whole realm in one sentence)

Brief comments:

This article stands out from many excellent compositions and attracts attention. In addition to unique angles and profound thoughts, it also relies on gorgeous language. Her elegant language, the combination of compound sentence and prose, harmonious phonology and rich implications, whether it is the refinement of words and sentences, the clever placement of metaphor and rhetoric, or the staggered use of sentences, all show the author's skillful writing skills and profound cultural accumulation. This kind of article is full of essays and swaying. How can people not like it?

Example 2:

See evidence

When I sat in the cool classroom and answered the examination paper seriously, my father was harvesting wheat in the scorching sun (compare "cool" with "scorching sun" and write my daughter's love and gratitude to her father). Remember this article and let it turn into a shade around my father's head to express my love and gratitude to my daughter. Sincere feelings flow naturally, and even the world is listening! )

The golden wheat field has witnessed your hard work, your gray hair has witnessed your efforts, and your happy family has witnessed your efforts. These three sentences are neat in structure, harmonious in sound and rhyme, and more importantly, they play the role of "leading the topic", which leads to the following) Father, everything you have witnessed is your greatness in the ordinary. ("greatness in the ordinary", the evaluation is pertinent)

The wound bears witness to your strength. I'll never forget the scene where you bowed to your neighbor and confessed. This is your scar, and we all know it. Mother's madness has been committed again, accidentally hitting her neighbor; People hanged themselves noisily, and we were so anxious that we were at a loss. After you were silent for a long time, take me to the neighbor's house to kowtow and apologize. I was shocked, a person who often taught me that' people are poor and ambitious; My father made this decision, but I obeyed. When we kneel (this kneeling is of great significance, once upon a time in America! ), the whole room was shocked, and my heart was dripping with blood and tears. I saw the seven-foot man's head sinking, and I heard a slight sigh (sigh, how painful, how helpless, how tough). But I have seen more of your justice and my strength. (In witnessing, the author becomes strong, which is inheritance and growth.)

Tears bear witness to your tenderness. I have never seen your tears. Your face is only scratched by perseverance, seriousness and years of torture. (This face is reminiscent of the oil painting "Father") That time I saw your tears, big and crystal clear (big love clarified the muddy tears and became crystal clear). We sent our mother to the hospital. The hospital was poor and messy, which made her very angry. I held my mother's hand and shed tears of pity. ), finally the nurse took away the mother between you and me. I saw you holding your mother's hand, struggling (with simple words, but writing all the pain and love of your father), and your eyes were full of sadness and worry. Finally, at the moment when the door closed, I saw the tears in your eyes, big and crystal clear, reflecting the tender and reluctant feelings. I believe that every kind reader will have tears in his eyes. It is unfilial not to shed tears after watching this clip! Not kind! It will be unfair! )

Silence bears witness to your filial piety. Mom's madness makes grandparents dissatisfied with us, and you bow your head in front of your grumpy grandfather. He is reprimanding you again, reprimanding you for not listening to him and not divorcing your mother (grandparents' words and deeds are human nature, which sets off their father's "greatness in the ordinary"), and you always answer grandpa's reprimand with silence. Grandpa was in trouble in the village that time, and his uncles accused him of evading responsibility; You are still silent, silent (three "silences" are about your father's character and sentiment) lend money to grandpa to make up for your mistakes. I saw grandpa's apology and pity for looking at your back. I saw the emotion in grandpa's eyes. I see grandpa is taking care of mom, too. I saw you fill a happy vacancy in a family with filial piety. It was my father who saved a big family! )

Father, time has witnessed your strength, gentleness and filial piety, and time has witnessed your greatness in the ordinary. This sentence is not a simple repetition, but another point, a song repeated to my father. ) When the wheat is ripe, witness your efforts and sweat. The good news of the college entrance examination has come, witnessing your efforts and hard work. The last sentence is not a slogan, but a confident vision, which gives us a lot of comfort, warmth and touch. Let us sincerely wish: father's life is safe! Mom is in good health! Daughter got what she wanted! )

Brief comments:

This composition, sincere and tearful, is really a masterpiece with sincere feelings and deep affection between father and daughter. "Touching people, don't worry about love first." Reading makes people feel sad and tears come to their eyes. In terms of language, this article does not make public, does not engage in the spread of "flying all over the sky", does not engage in dazzling "bright spots", and does not play with depth. It can really be said that "gorgeous is extremely unremarkable." This paper only describes my father's strength, gentleness, filial piety, ordinary and greatness in a very simple way. However, it is true, true, pure, straightforward, and the turbulent inner waves lurk in it. Father's words are rare, but thick and broad; My daughter's emotional expression is normal, but it is all from the heart.