How to write opening report and model essay

Recently, some readers asked me how to write the opening report. The following is an introduction to you, and a sample of the opening report is provided for the reference of the students who started writing their graduation thesis.

First, the topic of graduation thesis. The topic is a high-level summary of the central idea of graduation thesis, which requires:

(1) is accurate and standardized. It is necessary to accurately summarize the research problems, reflect the depth and breadth of the research, reflect the nature of the research, and reflect the basic requirements, processing factors, subjects and experimental effects of the experimental research. Making sentences with words is scientific and regular.

2 concise. Use as few words as possible, generally no more than 20 Chinese characters.

Second, introduce the purpose and significance of the subject. That is, first explain why we choose this research topic and explain the value of research. Generally speaking, the practical significance of research should first be derived from the existing problems, and then the theoretical and academic value should be discussed. It should be specific, objective and targeted, pay attention to the basis of data analysis, pay attention to the needs of the development of the times, regions or units, and avoid empty slogans.

Third, introduce the historical background, present situation and development trend of the subject. That is, literature review, which mainly explains the research situation at home and abroad, what research predecessors have done on this subject, what problems have been solved and what problems still exist.

The so-called review? Comprehensive? That is, synthesis, the synthesis of a certain subject field in a certain period; ? Say? More is not narrative, but comments and comments, which is the author's own unique views. We should pay attention to analysis and research, be good at finding problems, and highlight the position, advantages and breakthrough points of selected topics in current research. The object of review, besides ideas, can also be materials and methods.

Fourthly, introduce the preliminary plan of my research, the problems to be solved and the difficulties to be broken through, as well as the expected results. That is to say, what is your main direction of attack and what theories, methods and achievements are mainly based on in your research. How to arrange the time and sequence of the whole research, how to conduct it in stages, the starting and ending time of each stage, the corresponding research content and results should be clear, and there should be no interruption between stages to ensure the continuity of the research process.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) shows the feasibility and innovation of the project. We should not only make accurate and scientific estimates and judgments on the most important and fundamental key difficulties and problems that may be encountered, but also take practical solutions and measures to highlight the key points of the topic and the differences from other similar studies.

Sixth, list the references. Finally, the main references should be listed, which can reflect the true basis of the author's argument on the one hand and respect the original author's creative work on the other. The quantity of articles shall be subject to the regulations of each school.

Seven, listen to the teacher's evaluation. After the tutor's evaluation, necessary modifications and supplements are made, and after the tutor finally approves, he enters the research stage and then begins to write papers.

Graduation thesis opening report

Theme: prevention of juvenile delinquency

From the perspective of ideological and moral construction

Name: Liu Moumou

Tutor: Li Moumou

Major: Law.

Grade: grade XX

Time: 2014101October 22nd.

First, the basis of the topic (purpose, significance, academic value, research status at home and abroad, my academic preparation)

(A) the origin and significance of the study

Since the founding of New China, politics, economy and culture have developed vigorously, and various social undertakings have changed with each passing day. At the same time, the social security situation is not optimistic, especially juvenile delinquency. Juvenile delinquency not only means serious conflict between individuals and society, but also means the failure of socialization and civilization. It not only endangers social order and interferes with economic construction and development, but also seriously affects the healthy growth of minors, which is related to the future of the country. There are many reasons for juvenile delinquency, and bad moral character is an important reason for juvenile delinquency. Under the background of building a harmonious society, it is of great significance to strengthen the ideological and moral construction of minors and effectively prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency.

1, theoretical significance

First, the field of criminal law:

(1) provides a new perspective for the study of juvenile delinquency. Studying juvenile delinquency from the perspective of ideological and moral construction can expand new ideas for crime research. At present, the research on the prevention of juvenile delinquency in China is mainly discussed from the perspective of criminology and criminal law. Among them, the field of criminology focuses on social prevention in advance and public security prevention in the event; The field of criminal law focuses on the prevention of punishment afterwards. These preventive measures mainly regulate the deviant behavior of minors through external means, but the use of internal crime prevention means, that is, guiding the behavior of minors with ideological and moral awareness, has not attracted enough attention. This paper analyzes the problem of juvenile crime prevention from the perspective of ideological and moral construction of minors, trying to inject new vitality into the study of crime prevention.

(2) Break through the situation that speculative research dominates the world. Scientific research method is a tool for the establishment and development of any science. Crime is one of them? Syndrome? A variety of research methods must be adopted to analyze the crime problem. Criminal law is not learning knowledge, but it is very practical and applied. China scholars have long been accustomed to speculative theoretical research, lacking empirical investigation of crime. This paper intends to understand the actual situation of juvenile delinquency through empirical investigation and individual interviews, analyze the causes of crime, and provide empirical data for crime prevention research.

Secondly, the field of political science: this study is not only of great significance in the field of criminal law research, but also of great political value. There are more than 300 million minors in China, and their ideological and moral status affects the occurrence of crimes and the future development of the country to a certain extent. Under the current social situation, from the perspective of ideological and moral construction, combined with the reality of juvenile delinquency, it is not only necessary but also necessary to put forward targeted crime prevention countermeasures for realizing China's modernization and sustainable social progress.

2. Practical significance

Minors are builders and successors of socialist modernization. Paying attention to minors means caring about the future of the motherland. From the perspective of ideological and moral construction, a systematic interpretation of the prevention of juvenile delinquency can provide suggestions for the construction of a harmonious society in China. At present, China is in a period of social transformation, and building a harmonious society is an important strategic choice for China. What we want to build is a harmonious society with democracy and the rule of law, fairness and justice, stability and order, and people living and working in peace and contentment. We must adhere to the people-oriented principle and realize the all-round development of people and the all-round progress of society. Crime destroys social harmony, especially juvenile delinquency, which not only affects social order, but also concerns the growth of a whole generation and the quality of future citizens, and is of great significance to building a harmonious society. Therefore, paying attention to juvenile delinquency is not only of great practical significance, but also of far-reaching strategic significance. Preventing and reducing juvenile delinquency is conducive to ensuring people to live and work in peace and contentment and promoting the sustained and coordinated development of society. Based on the data collected by investigation, this paper puts forward personal preventive measures and social governance countermeasures for minors from the perspective of ideological and moral construction. Based on the reality of China, these suggestions and countermeasures highlight the feasibility and operability, which will provide useful reference for China to build a harmonious society.

(B) Research status

Juvenile delinquency is relative to adult delinquency. According to China's Law on the Protection of Minors, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure Law and other relevant laws and regulations, juvenile delinquency refers to the behavior that is harmful to society and should be punished according to law by people who are over 14 and under 18. Since the founding of New China, the Party and the state have been very concerned about the growth and development of minors and attached great importance to juvenile delinquency. 1In August, 979, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the Report on Calling on the Party to Pay Attention to Solving the Problem of Juvenile Delinquency written by eight ministries and commissions, including the Propaganda Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, which provided a clear guiding ideology for the theoretical study of juvenile delinquency and deepened the theoretical research and practical exploration of juvenile delinquency in China. Especially in recent years, juvenile delinquency has become more and more serious, the number is increasing, and the age is declining. This situation has aroused the close attention of the theoretical circle, and the research on juvenile delinquency is heating up. After years of efforts by scholars, remarkable achievements have been made in the study of juvenile delinquency, and many books and articles have been published one after another. But at the same time, we also see that there are still some problems and shortcomings in the research.

1, study the narrow field of vision. Crime is complex and diverse, which is not only related to social politics, economy, culture, law and morality, but also closely related to personal physiology, psychology, lifestyle and other factors. Therefore, criminology research must use multidisciplinary knowledge such as law, sociology, psychology and political science. At present, the research on juvenile delinquency in China is mostly concentrated in the fields of law and sociology, lacking in-depth research from multiple disciplines.

2. The research content lacks innovation and the research topic is too concentrated. The author makes a statistical analysis of the articles on juvenile delinquency published in recent years and the related papers collected by China Academic Journal Network. Although there are many studies on juvenile delinquency, the contents are similar and the research ideas are modular. We say that it is understandable to pay attention to the academic hotspots in the research topic, but it is necessary to carry out multi-angle and multi-level analysis and research on the same problem in order to continuously promote the development of theory and practice. Generally speaking, the current research on juvenile delinquency mainly focuses on the preventive measures of juvenile delinquency in the field of criminology, and lacks comprehensive and systematic research on juvenile delinquency prevention. Although some scholars are involved in the ideological and moral construction of minors and crime prevention, they are too scattered and lack of comprehensive, systematic and in-depth research.

3. The research methods are mainly speculative and argumentation, lacking empirical research. The academic circles in China generally believe that at present, the research on crime in China focuses on speculation and argumentation, rather than argumentation. Kang Shuhua, Zhou Lu, Dai Yisheng and many other experts and scholars have raised this issue many times. The object of theoretical research is the real and objective existence of crime, and the research divorced from practice is tantamount to castles in the air. Although some scholars have conducted empirical research on juvenile delinquency, after all, it is rare and not the mainstream.

(III) Research purpose

1. This paper makes a comprehensive interpretation of juvenile delinquency from the perspective of ideological and moral construction through empirical research and theoretical discussion, which provides a new idea for crime research.

2. Make up for the deficiency of criminology theory research by systematically sorting out the present situation, causes and prevention of juvenile delinquency.

3. Through a comprehensive investigation on the prevention of juvenile delinquency, people from all walks of life can pay attention to this issue, and then do a better job in juvenile work.

4. On the basis of analyzing the ideological and moral status of minors, design the juvenile crime prevention and social governance programs, and make suggestions for the construction of a harmonious society in China.

(4) My academic preparation.

Through the National Library of China, Hebei Library, China Journal Network, consulting literature and purchasing books and materials, etc. We have made full preparations for the writing of the opening report and the formal writing of the paper. Among them, the main works include:

1, edited by Lu Zhiqian and Hu Jiafu: Research on Juvenile Delinquency in Contemporary China, China People's Public Security University Press, 2005;

2. Feng Yunxiang and Lou Hongyan: Juvenile Delinquency and Prevention, Harbin Institute of Technology Press, 2003;

3. Xu Bangyin, Theory and Practice of Preventing Juvenile Delinquency, Anhui University Press, 2002;

4. Ji Sulan, et al.: Study on Countermeasures for Preventing Juvenile Delinquency, China People's Public Security University Press, 2002;

5. Dong, editor-in-chief: Punishment and Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, Xiyuan Press, 2000;

6. Yuan Zuoxi and Feng Rui: Juvenile Delinquency and Prevention, Fujian People's Publishing House,1984;

7. Wang Yadong and Bao Suixian, eds.: "Research on Juvenile Delinquency in China", China Procuratorate Press, 1997 edition;

8. Kang Shuhua: Research on Crime in the Process of Building a Well-off Society in an All-round Way, Peking University Publishing House, 2005;

9. Zhang, editor-in-chief: Research on Criminal Policy of Juvenile Delinquency, China Procuratorate Press, 2006;

10, edited by Zhang Xiaohu: criminology research, Renmin University of China Press, 2007;

1 1,, Jin: Theory and Practice of Crime Prevention, Peking University Publishing House, 2006;

12, Feng: Comparative Study on Crime Prevention between China and Foreign Countries, China People's Public Security University Press, 2003;

13, ju Qing: research report on the working mode of preventing juvenile delinquency in urban communities in China, law press, 2005;

14, Huang jiaozhen and Zhang: psychological prevention and educational countermeasures for juvenile delinquency in social transformation period, law press, 2000;

15, edited by Mo Hongxian: Study on Juvenile Delinquency and Countermeasures in China, Hunan People's Publishing House, 2005;

16, [America] Louise? Xie Li: Crime and Modernization, translated by He Bingsong, People's Publishing House,1986;

17, [Italy] Cesare Cesare Lombroso: On Criminals, translated by Huang Feng, China Legal Publishing House, 2000;

18, Shen Zhuanghai: Introduction to Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors in the New Period, Hubei Science and Technology Press, 2005;

19, Editorial Committee of Guiding Opinions on Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors: Guiding Opinions on Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors, Social Science Literature Publishing House, 2005;

20. Suning: "Paying attention to growth: a study on the frontier issues of ideological and moral construction of minors", People's Publishing House, 2005;

2 1, edited by ju wencan: new problems and countermeasures in ideological and moral construction of minors, northeast normal university press, 2005;

22. Chen Yongdi: On the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors in Some Countries and Regions, Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore, 2006.

References of major journal articles:

1, Zhou Yunqing, Wang: Analysis of Personality Structure and Characteristics of Juvenile Delinquency,No. 1 in 2005;

2. Zhang Xu: The Construction of the Integrated System of Education and Prevention and the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency in the Social Transition Period in China, Journal of Social Sciences of Jilin University, No.6, 2006;

3. Yuanshan Liu: On the focus and countermeasures of juvenile delinquency prevention in China, in Hebei Law No.4, 20065438+0;

4.Xi Xiao Hua and Qin Weiping: Legal Education in Schools and Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency, Journal of Beijing People's Police College, No.5, 2000;

5. Qian Huiyuan: Main Causes and Countermeasures of Juvenile Delinquency, in Jianghuai Rule of Law,No. 10, 2002;

6. Wang Yu: Juvenile delinquency and prevention, Public Security Research, No.9, 2005;

7. Di Xiaohua: Juvenile Delinquency and Prevention in Social Transition Period, Jiangsu Social Sciences, No.3, 2005;

8. Full: "Strengthening and improving the ideological and moral construction of minors", in Theoretical Frontier,No. 14, 2004;

9. Ren Yueqin: On Three Important Links in Strengthening the Ideological and Moral Construction of Minors, Journal of Beijing Youth University for Politics, No.2, 2006;

10, Susan Wang: summary of the seminar on ideological and moral construction of minors, published in the fourth issue of Morality and Civilization in 2004;

1 1, Luo Zhidan: Innovating the ideological and moral construction of minors, published in Research on Ideological and Political Work No.4, 2014;

12, Jia huaizhong: the role of schools, families and society in the ideological and moral construction of minors, in Education Innovation, No.5, 2006;

13, Huang Zhijian: the ideological and moral construction of minors focuses on implementation, Journal of Beijing Youth University for Politics, No.2, 2004.

Second, the paper structure framework (key points)

The thesis includes three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.

The introduction mainly introduces the research significance, research status, research objectives, main contents, research methods and innovations of this paper.

The body part * * * four chapters:

Chapter I Current Situation of Juvenile Delinquency

Section 1 Concept of Juvenile Delinquency

Section 2 Current Situation of Juvenile Delinquency at Home and Abroad

Section III Characteristics and Trends of Juvenile Delinquency in China

Chapter II Analysis of the Causes of Juvenile Delinquency

Section 1 Overview of the Causes of Crime

Section II Analysis and Comment on the Causes of Juvenile Delinquency in China

Section 3 Ideological and Moral Construction and Juvenile Delinquency

The third chapter analyzes the current ideological and moral factors that affect juvenile delinquency in China.

Section 1 Society

Section 2 School

Section 3 Family

Section 4 Individuals

Chapter iv strengthening ideological and moral construction to prevent juvenile delinquency

Section 1 Theory and Practice of Preventing Juvenile Delinquency in China

Section 2 Measures to Control Juvenile Delinquency Abroad

Section III Perfecting the Juvenile Crime Prevention System in China

The conclusion part starts from the current situation of juvenile delinquency in China, rationally analyzes and evaluates this phenomenon, re-emphasizes the necessity and importance of strengthening ideological and moral construction to prevent juvenile delinquency, and calls for multi-strategies and good management of juvenile delinquency in building a harmonious society.

Third, the paper writing arrangement (process arrangement, problems to be solved)

(a) writing process arrangement:

2065438+July and August 2004, collecting materials and determining the topic of the thesis;

2065438+September 2004 65438+1write the opening report in the middle of October;

2014 65438+1late October165438+1early October to revise the opening report under the guidance of the tutor;

2014165438+1mid-October 2065438+late February 2005;

Revise the graduation thesis under the guidance of the tutor in March 20 15;

2065438+Print the final graduation thesis in April 2005.

(2) Problems to be solved

The core of this paper is the relationship between ideological and moral construction of minors and the prevention of juvenile delinquency, and how to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency by strengthening ideological and moral construction of minors. Among them, empirical investigation will invest a lot of time and energy; At the same time, because this research is based on multi-disciplines, the integration of disciplines will also be the key problem to be solved in this research.

Opinions of the tutor or thesis guidance group: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _