What ethnic groups live in Guandu Ancient Town? What are the folk customs?

Guandu Ancient Town is located in Luofeng Village, 8 kilometers southeast of Kunming, on the north bank of Dianchi Lake and downstream of Baoxiang River, with an area of 17 square kilometers. You can take bus No.31or No.31from Kunming South Railway Station (Nanyao). As an ancient town with a long history, Guandu was once a famous ancient ferry in central Yunnan and one of the famous historical and cultural towns in Kunming. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was a big market town on the east bank of Dianchi Lake. The Yuan Dynasty and Kunming established counties at the same time. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has become a town with developed commerce and handicrafts. In the past, there were many merchants and towers in Guandu, with five mountains, six temples, seven pavilions and eight temples, and many cultural landscapes. So far, many cultural and architectural sites have been preserved. Among them, the famous national key cultural relic King Kong Pagoda is regarded as a symbol of "ancient civilization" in Guandu District, and the "Gudu Fishing Lamp", one of the eight ancient scenic spots in Kunming, reflects the prosperity of Guandu in the past. Before 1958, this was the seat of Guandu District People's Government.

Guandu ancient town has a long history and is one of the cradles of Yunnan culture. During the Nanzhao Dali Kingdom, it was already the main market town and transportation hub on the northeast coast of Dianchi Lake. It was inhabited more than four thousand years ago. Because of its proximity to Dianchi Lake, ancestors made a living by preying on snails. For a long time, snail shells piled up like mountains, which were called "vortex holes" in ancient times. Many existing ancient buildings were built on the site of Beiqiu Culture in the Neolithic Age. Before the Song Dynasty, a ferry was set up, where fishing boats and passing official ships docked and then entered Kunming by sedan chair or horseback riding. Hence the name "Guandu". Kunming was the same county in Yuan Dynasty, and became a market town with developed commerce and handicraft industry in Ming and Qing Dynasties.

Guandu ancient town is rich in cultural relics and cultural landscapes. Within an area of less than 1.5 square kilometers, there are many landscapes in the Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, such as Wushan, Liusi, Qige and Eight Temples. "King Kong Pagoda" is a key cultural relic protection unit in China. It is the earliest and best preserved stone pagoda of King Kong throne in China. It was built in the Tianshun period of the Ming Dynasty (A.D. 1457) and has a history of 546 years. This is a great feat. The engineers and technicians of Hebei Academy of Building Science found that there was no cement in this huge project with an overall elevation of 2.6 meters. In order to build the tower, the ancients rammed it with snail shells mixed with black clay, then laid hundreds of Sha Song piles and fixed them, and then used glutinous rice and glutinous rice soup mixed with red soil as cushion to build the tower stones one by one. It is said that all the glutinous rice in Guandu ancient town has been used up. In addition to the King Kong Pagoda, there are more than 10 provincial and municipal cultural relics protection units: Miaozhan Temple East Pagoda, Tuzhu Temple, Huozhuo Temple, Wenming Pavilion, Kuixing Pavilion, Kannonji, Lingyun Pavilion, Ancient Stage, Sansheng Palace, Randeng Temple Temple and Gu Wu Temple, as well as hundreds of well-preserved "one quadrangle" houses, forming a prosperous market town, which was called in ancient times.

As early as the second year of Yuanfeng in the Western Han Dynasty (BC 109), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Yizhou County, which governed 24 counties, and Guandu was under the jurisdiction of Guchang County. In the first year of Emperor Taizu's Wude (AD 6 18), he abandoned Guchang County and got Yining County. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (AD 1275), Guandu County was established.

The origin of Guandu is recorded in the Inscription on the Creation of Miaozhan Temple: "There is a wormhole in Guo Yue twenty miles away from Yunnan City ... The village scholar-officials visited the ferry cable car, and Tao Tao forgot to return, so he was called Guandu." Since the Yuan Dynasty, Guandu has become a bustling ferry for officials, merchant ships and fishing boats, and many bustling ships have gathered here. Whenever night falls, the fishing fire is lit and the lights shine like stars in the sky. The prosperity of Guandu at that time can be seen. With the development of social economy, temples and pagodas have been built in Guandu, and cultural buildings have mushroomed, forming another unique ancient architectural complex beside Dianchi Lake.

Miaozhan Temple is another big temple in Dianchi Lake area, which was founded in the period of Zheng Yuan (AD 1295 ~ 1297). The glazed tiles with red walls, resplendent and magnificent, were unfortunately destroyed by fire. After the renovation, the scale is not as good as before, leaving only the main hall, Huayan Pavilion, Jade Emperor Pavilion, affiliated halls, cloisters and other buildings. The Hall of Mahatma is dedicated to Siddhartha Gautama. The Miaozhan Temple complex, which has been restored to its original site, has basically restored its original macro system. The East Tower and West Tower restored in front of the temple are both17.5m high, and are 13-story solid square towers with dense eaves. The two towers are opposite, and the moonlight shines on the night of winter and autumn, just like two giant pens writing the sky.

The King Kong Pagoda in the center of the ancient town will be built in the next two years (1458). The abutment of King Kong Tower is square, and people can walk in from the east, west, south, north and south gates at the bottom of the tower. There are five towers on the abutment. The central main tower is the King Kong Throne Tower, with a total height of16m. The four sides are combined towers with the same shape. There are four lux statues carved in the four corners of the abutment, carved on all sides and beautifully carved. Although the King Kong Pagoda is only 500 years old, it has important historical, cultural and artistic value. 1996 the State Council listed this tower as a national key cultural relic protection unit. Due to the soft and sinking soil of the tower foundation, the whole tower body was raised by 2.6 meters through scientific construction.

The Tuzhu Temple, located on the west side of King Kong Pagoda, was built in Nanzhao period, with a history of 1200 years. "Yunnan Tongzhi" records that the Tuzhu Temple "was built when Mengshi City was in Yunnan, and Yunnan people regarded it as a land god, which was worshipped by villages and cities, and those who lived alone in Guandu were supernatural". The main temple in the native land is also called Daling Temple. Now, I'm sorry to say goodbye before I retire. Where is it? 888) was repaired as it is. The main hall of Tuzhu Temple stands on a platform made of bluestone. The eaves of the main hall are upturned, the archways are dense, and the beams are carved and the buildings are painted. The relief of the temple gate is full of realism, exquisite and round, and the lines are delicate and smooth. Temple spacious, ancient trees and flowers, solemn.

The civilization pavilion complex in the corner of the ancient town was built in Chenghua period of Ming Dynasty, and was later destroyed by soldiers. Among them, the Confucius Building, built in Shunnian tomorrow (1457 ~ 1465), is a three-story square pavilion with cornices and arches. It is also called Lingyun Pavilion because it is "like lingyun snow waves, and you feel the autumn dew on your sleeves when you are close". In the 13th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1887), the earthquake partially collapsed, and after reconstruction, it was used as a place for provincial examinations, cave classics performances and new learning. "Lingyun Pavilion" has a note: "Dengsi Building is full of buildings in the setting sun, wearing a sparse pavilion, and the dragon shadow falls on Yuyu." Now, Lingyun Pavilion has been renovated, pulling up the ground to prop up the sky, and you can see Guandu ancient town far away.

The osmanthus academy next to Lingyun Pavilion has a deep courtyard and many flowers, including osmanthus, camellia and plum blossom. The four seasons keep blooming and the fragrance is overflowing. The school auditorium is located in the yard. In the past, students studied Confucian classics. Nowadays, Guihua Academy has become a place for culture, entertainment and leisure.

Kuixing Pavilion, which is opposite to Lingyun Pavilion, has the same appearance and internal system as Lingyun Pavilion, and the two pavilions are opposite, forming their own landscapes.

The Book Donation Hall was built at the end of Kangxi in Qing Dynasty for the Hanlin Academy to read and edit Wang Sixun's books in memory of the books donated by the sages of Qing Dynasty. The main hall faces south and rests on the top of the mountain with double eaves. This hall is simple and elegant. There used to be a stone tablet engraved with a book given by Emperor Kangxi, which was later lost. The hall contains the classics given by Emperor Kangxi and the "four-volume edition" purchased by Wang Sixun for "quoting classics".

Guandu ancient town is famous for its profound history and culture. Although historical and cultural sites were destroyed, important historical and cultural sites were preserved. In the ancient town, the courtyard wall rammed with snail shells and soil still stands in the wind and rain. It is rare that a century-old earthen house still exists. Entering the ancient town, the ancient road still exists, the ancient streets touch each other, the ancient bridges are connected, Gu Xiang is quiet, and the ancient style still exists. The antique town gate and pedestrian arcade are rich in gold paint, carved with dragons and painted with phoenixes, magnificent and beautiful in scenery.

◆ Eight Scenes of Guandu in Ancient Town ◆

Gudu Fish Lantern is one of the eight scenic spots in Kunming. Because the east bank of Dianchi Lake extended to the vicinity of Shangyi Village in ancient times, it was once called Dongdukou, which was the main waterway between east and west. A lighthouse is set at the ferry, and the tower is brightly lit at night as a sign that Dianchi ships stay at Dongdukou. In addition, the lights on the fishing boat are flashing, just like the bright stars in the sky, very beautiful. The original site of the lighthouse is behind the village of Kannonji, which has been destroyed.

Located in the east of Shangyi Village, Diecui Luofeng Mountain in Luo Feng covers an area of more than 30 mu and is made of pure snail shells. The snail shell is a relic accumulation layer after the fishermen who lived in the ferry in ancient times ate snail meat, and there are many pottery fragments in the layer. Hojoji, built on the top of the mountain, is one of the six temples in Guandu ancient town, and is now used by Guandu Grain Management Bureau. Hundreds of cypress trees are planted around this mountain, stacked around the peak temple according to the position at the foot of the mountain. Every morning, the sun shines on the leaves, and the green layers complement each other, which makes people linger.

Yuntai Yuezhao Yuntai Palace was built on the bank of the original ancient town. Before liberation, it was used by Guandu Agricultural School, and later converted into Kunming No.9 Middle School dormitory. There are 1 semicircular pools in front of the palace. Has been filled on the ground. There are caves in the pool, which produce a lot of water and are as clear as a mirror all the year round. Whenever the moon is in the sky at night and the moon is slightly west in the middle of the night, the whole palace is reflected in the pool. The breeze blows and the palace shadow ripples, just like the image of the Crystal Palace. It's really beautiful.

The original site of Apricot Shepherd is located between Kannongji and Yuntai Palace in Shangyi Village, that is, on the shore of the ancient ferry. There are a lot of mixed bamboos among apricot trees. It is a scenic spot for ancient literati and tourists to write poems, drink and have fun, and it is refreshing to be in it. Every spring, the green grass is overgrown, and the shepherds in the village gather in the garden every day to put shepherds and cows. The shepherd boy sang and danced, played hide-and-seek, and was extremely cheerful, which fully demonstrated the fun of spring.

Lingyun Yu Yan Lingyun Pavilion is located in the former site of today's Confucius Building. It was originally built on a high place, but it was completely destroyed in the earthquake in the 13th year of Qing Daoguang (1833), and in the 17th year? 1837 reconstruction. After Saidianchi became an official in Pingzhang, Yunnan, he advocated Confucianism, built a Confucius Temple in Daxing, and changed this pavilion into a Confucius House. Inscription of Lingyun Pavilion: "The setting sun on the Temple Building is full of buildings, and the shadows are long, and the oblique light falls on Yuyu." The pavilion is near the Baoxiang River embankment in the north, surrounded by three other houses. There is fog and smoke everywhere in the morning and evening, and it has been around the pavilion for a long time.

Before the Qing Dynasty, the market of Guandu Ancient Town was located in Dacun Lane, Xizhuang (formerly known as Jiuzhuanhua Street). The buildings in this alley have changed a lot. Because there used to be few people living around and not many people going to the market, this alley is enough. However, every year on February 19 of the lunar calendar, not only urban residents come to attend the temple fair, but also residents from neighboring counties flock to the market, which is difficult to accommodate. Therefore, whenever there is a meeting, the market will move to the lawn on the west side of Gu Wu Temple in the village. Nowadays, the school site of Xizhuang Primary School is crowded, and the communication situation is far from the ordinary market at that time.

King Kong's night talk is a local legend. In the past, there were clay sculptures of King Kong on both sides of the gate of Miaozhan Temple. There were many monks in the temple. Whenever farmers hold funerals, the monks in the temple often mourn for the dead and recite scriptures until late at night. Once a monk went to Shijia Village in Jiumenli to finish the funeral and came back in the evening. As for Canggou Bridge in the west of Zhibuying Village today, a young monk vaguely saw two king kong sit whispering on the bridge. So this bridge is called Jingang Bridge.

There are two square solid towers with 13 floors and dense eaves in front of Miaozhan Temple in the sky. The west tower collapsed in the 13th year of Qing Daoguang (1833) earthquake, and the east tower is still in the hospital. Every winter and autumn night, the Jade Rabbit rises, the tower is illuminated, the reflection is like a pen tip, and the shadow moves. Just like the owner of the man of God waving a large sum of money, writing poems, praising heaven and earth and blessing the world.

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Guandu snack Xiangpiao ancient town, Guandu also has "three treasures": First, Guandu bait (block); The second is Guandu rice noodles; The third is Guandu pea powder. This is a famous snack that has been widely circulated for nearly 100 years. Yunnan cross-bridge rice noodles have been made with sour rice noodles from Guandu Xizhuang for decades, and their bones and muscles and taste are unparalleled.