10 foreign steel structure buildings

The Millennium Dome in London. It was designed by the famous Richard Rogers office, and the structural design was completed by Buro Happold, which is the perfect combination of architect's dream and engineer's innovation. The whole building is dome-shaped, and 12 steel masts with a height of 100 meters go straight into the sky, stretching out a dome-shaped steel cable net with a diameter of 365 meters and a circumference exceeding 1000 meters. The steel cable net alone used 43 miles of steel cables. The highest point of the room is more than 50 meters, and the volume is about 2.4 million cubic meters. Its roof material has a surface area of 6.5438+10,000 square meters. It is only a film-like material with a thickness of 654.38+ 0 mm, but it is extremely tough, and it is said that it can bear the weight of Boeing 747 aircraft. At the same time, it has excellent light transmittance and can make full use of natural light. At the beginning of the design, the owner did not clearly define the shape of the building. After careful comparison and demonstration, the architect decided to put multiple functions under the same roof and put forward the dome scheme. They advocate that the mast should be as high as possible and the dome should be as big as possible so that people can see it at a glance on the plane. It is necessary to create new landmarks for London and enliven the skyline of Greenwich Peninsula. Seen from the air, it looks like a pearl on the Thames.

The Eiffel Tower (French: La Tour Eiffel) is a hollow structural tower built in Paris 1889, France, with a height of 300 meters, an antenna height of 24 meters and a total height of 324 meters. The Eiffel Tower is named after Gustav, the bridge engineer who designed it. Eiffel. The design of the iron tower is novel and unique, and it is a technical masterpiece in the history of world architecture, so it has become an important attraction and prominent symbol in France and Paris. The tower adopts staggered structure, supported by four thick iron columns on concrete and cement foundation, at an angle of 75 degrees with the ground, and there are four hydraulic elevators (now elevators) inside. It used10.5 million giant precast beams,10.5 million rivets and10.2 million steel castings, with a total weight of 7,000 tons. It took 250 workers 65,438+07 months to build and cost 7.4 million gold francs. It is painted every seven years, with 52 tons each time. This giant shows the great power of industrial production in the early stage of capitalism. It is not so much architecture as assembly. In the process of design, decomposition, parts production, assembly and arrangement, a set of scientific, economical and effective methods are summarized, and at the same time, the whimsical romantic interest, artistic taste, innovative courage and sense of humor of the French are also displayed.

Tokyo TV Tower, 1958 completed in February. Open to tourists in July, 1968. The tower is 333 meters high and covers an area of 2 1 18 square meters. The tallest Independence Tower in Japan is13m higher than the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. The building materials used were half that of the Eiffel Tower, and it only took less than one-third of the construction time when the tower was built, which shocked the whole world at that time. The tower foundation of Tokyo Tower is supported by four foot piers spaced 80 meters apart. The tower is painted orange and milky white, bright and dazzling. Five floors are built in the four legs of the basement, and a shopping mall is set on the first floor; The second floor is the municipal exhibition hall, which displays experimental instruments and popular science pictures; The third floor is the lounge and wax museum. At the height of 100 meters, there is a two-story observation deck; At an altitude of 250 meters, there is also a special observatory. The observatory is surrounded by large glass windows that fall to the ground and tilt outward. Standing on the lookout overlooking Tokyo, the whole city has a panoramic view. The tower is a self-supporting tower, which consists of four main columns with square cross section, horizontal rods and diagonal rods connected with the main columns. The members are all composed of large section steel (angle steel, channel steel) and steel plate.

1930 The Empire State Building in New York was the lightest building at that time. It was built during the western economic crisis and became a symbol of American economic recovery. Today, together with the Statue of Liberty, it still becomes the eternal symbol of new york. It used to be the tallest building in the world and a landmark building in new york. It is one of the seven engineering wonders in the world. After the collapse of 9 1 1, the World Trade Center continued to take over the title of the first building in new york until the Freedom Tower was completed. It is called the three famous buildings in the world together with the Eiffel Tower in Paris and the TV Tower in Tokyo. The Empire State Building has many of the best in the world: it has set a record of building four and a half stories a week in the history of architecture; As many as 4,000 people participate in the construction every day, and the total workload exceeds 7 million working hours; * * * Use 60,000 tons of steel, 6,543,800,000 bricks, 800,000 kilometers of cables and wires, and 654.38+092 kilometers of pipelines; 1600km long telephone cable; 6,500 windows; 1860 step; 73 elevators were installed, and the elevator speed was as high as 427 meters per minute. The Empire State Building covers an area of 2.66 hectares. At that time, the total cost was $4 1 10,000, and the subsequent maintenance cost was $67 million.

Burj Khalifa Hotel, also known as Dubai Sailing Hotel. The most luxurious hotel in the world is Burj Al Arab Hotel in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, which is also called "Burj Al Arab" and "Arab Star" when translated into Chinese. This is the first 7-star hotel in the world. Located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in the Middle East. The original idea of Burj Khalifa was put forward by Allermark Toum, UAE's defense minister and Crown Prince of Dubai. He dreamed of giving Dubai a landmark like Sydney Opera House and Eiffel Tower. The construction of the hotel began on 1994 and officially opened on 1999+02+ 1. The building looks like a sloop. There is a helicopter airport at the top of the hotel, which extends from the other side of the hotel. At sea, the restaurant supported by cantilever is called Oman Taha (Arabic means the highest or limit). Inside the building is the highest atrium in the world, with a height of180m. It is made of Teflon coated glass fiber fabric wrapped around the "wings" of a sailboat. The project of the Sailing Hotel took five years, two and a half years to fill the artificial island in the Arabian Sea, two and a half years to use the building itself, and 90,000 tons of steel were used to drive 250 40-meter-deep infrastructure piles. Designed by British designer W.S. Atkins, the hotel looks like a sail full of wind. There are 56 floors, with a height of 32 1 m. It is the tallest hotel in the world, higher than the Eiffel Tower in France.

At present, Benmingshi Strait Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in the world, was officially opened to traffic on April 5th. 1998. The bridge spans Honshu Island and Shikoku Island, and falls between Kobe City and Awaji Island in Japan, with a total length of 39 1 1m and a main pier span of1991m. The two main piers are 297 meters above sea level, the foundation diameter is 80 meters and the underwater part is 60 meters high. The two main steel cables are 4000m each, with a diameter of1.12m. It consists of 290 thin steel cables and weighs about 50,000 tons. The bridge started in May 1988. 1998 completed in March. With a total length of 39 1 1 m, it is the longest suspension bridge in the world. The world's strongest Hanshin Awaji earthquake failed to shake it, which shows its excellent design and construction level. Its existence makes the transportation from Osaka and Kobe to Shikoku more and more convenient. At night, the whole bridge is surrounded by colorful lights, like a string of gorgeous pearl chains across the bay, thus gaining the reputation of "Pearl Bridge". Around this bridge leading to dreams, many sightseeing facilities have been opened up and become popular tourist attractions. 180MP ultra-high strength steel wire was used for the first time in Mingshi Strait Bridge, which reduced the diameter of main cable and simplified the connection structure. It is the main cable of the first suspension bridge and the first cable-stayed bridge built by incremental launching method, which was built by the famous French company Eiffel Group.

The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the world-famous bridges and a miracle of modern bridge engineering. This bridge stands on the Golden Gate Strait, which is 1, more than 900 meters wide and located in California, USA. It took four years, more than 654.38 million tons of steel, and cost 35.5 million dollars to build, designed by Strauss. The huge tower of the Golden Gate Bridge is 227 meters high, and each steel cable weighs 64 12 metric tons, which is twisted by 27,000 steel wires. 1933 1 completed and first opened to traffic in may 1937. ?

Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia is one of the landmark urban landscapes in Kuala Lumpur and the tallest Petronas Towers in the world at present. The Twin Towers were completed in 1998, with a total of 88 floors and a height of 1483 feet (452 meters). It is two independent towers connected by a platform. The independence tower looks like two huge corns, so it is also called the Twin Towers. Kuala Lumpur Twin Towers is a comprehensive office building of Petronas Malaysia, and it is also a good place for tourists to overlook Kuala Lumpur from the clouds. The design style of the Twin Towers embodies Kuala Lumpur's young, moderate and modern urban personality and highlights the unique concept of landmark landscape design.

Seattle Space Needle Tower, located in Seattle, is one of the landmarks in Seattle. The space needle tower was designed for the World Expo held in Seattle in 1962, and now it has become one of the symbols of Seattle.

The St. Louis Arch is a symbol of America's westward development. This magnificent stainless steel catenary building is192m high, which was built in only two years after it was started in 1964. There is an elevator at the bottom of the arch leading to the top floor. St. Louis Arch is a landmark building in St. Louis, 630 feet high, which is higher than the Washington Monument, the Statue of Liberty or the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Europe.