Battle of Waterloo

Napoleon carefully analyzed his powerful opponent and decided to attack and defend. First, concentrate the main force against the allies on the Belgian side, and only send small soldiers to contain the allies on the Rhine and Italy. Before the allied forces assembled, they led Wellington and blucher to defeat them. He led the army into Belgium. The Prussians were defeated in Lini. This is a powerful blow, but it is not fatal. The remaining Prussian troops withdrew to Brussels.

Napoleon made the most destructive strategic mistake in his life, which eventually led to his downfall. He realized that blucher's troops had been defeated and retreated to the Rhine, but he sent 33,000 men and 96 cannons purely to spy on the enemy. 300 people reluctantly sent this unit. In fact, both cavalry and infantry divisions can accomplish this task. Napoleon then set off for Catalonia, but the ill-fated grouchy didn't appear again until he came back.

Napoleon's intention was to pursue and defeat Wellington's left-wing army. Nye's inaction almost hindered this intention. Delong's legion joined Napoleon, and although Napoleon ordered the March on Quartbras, he joined. Ney? With Delong? It took some time to arrive. Nye argued that he failed to capture Cattelbras "because it was occupied by all the troops in Wellington".

When Wellington finally learned that blucher was defeated at Lini, he ordered his infantry to retreat to a pre-selected defensive position two miles south of Waterloo. The position of Quartbras is now occupied by the guards of Lord Ulbridge's six cavalry brigades, each equipped with a royal carbine.

Napoleon watched his prey slip away, but he was so angry that he blew away the gloomy morning air and went out to catch up with him. He took the lead in charging, and under the impetus of the swift gray Arabian horse, two cavalry divisions of Mayo went straight to Quartbras. The nearest British artillery (Royal Cavalry Artillery) exchanged fire with him. Ulbridge then ordered his cavalry brigade to retreat to Waterloo. A rare thunderstorm suddenly struck, pouring rain, and the ground was wet, so the cavalry could only advance on the built road.

Napoleon spent the night on a farm about three miles from the front line in Wellington. The troops were like a drowned rat, without food, sleeping on both sides of the road behind Genep. Sirte did not make any arrangements for the camp.

An officer came to Napoleon's base camp with grouchy's report, which was sent from Gamburus four hours ago: "Thirty thousand enemy troops continue to retreat ..." There are two trains, one of which may be captured. Weihua Road passes through Hua Han, and there seems to be a direct route to Pervez. It can be inferred that some troops may join Wellington, and blucher's troops in the middle may withdraw to Liege. After the Battle of Floras, Prussian troops marched along Jamur Highway. Grouchy's report about reconnaissance of two cavalry units all day is not completely clear. Nevertheless, he said that at least some of blucher's troops might try to join Wellington.

He asked the emissary to reply immediately and bring back new instructions, but Napoleon remained silent until Sirte ordered them to complain eight hours later. Only report to your Majesty that two columns of the Prussian army crossed Sauvigne and Farhan, but the third, more powerful, crossed Gael and Genting in the direction of Wawels. The emperor wants to inform you that he is now planning to attack the British at Waterloo near Boone Forest in Suana.

On his way to Vabre, His Majesty commanded troops to approach the divisions of various army groups, and kept in touch with the fighting and communication lines to drive away the Prussian troops invading in this direction. It may have stopped near the chirp. Please get there as soon as possible. A light cavalry unit followed the enemy on the right wing, observed the enemy's movements and captured scattered soldiers. Napoleon obviously didn't ask grouchy for reinforcements. He thought his Prussian soldiers were fleeing, and grouchy's task was to reach Vobr between the Prussian soldiers and Waterloo.

Napoleon and Sirte set out to inspect the battlefield. He commanded the advancing troops to meet at the top of the gentle slope near the Bell Federal Hotel, parallel to the Wellington position, within the range of the artillery, about 1, 400 yards away from the Wellington position. He ordered the troops to prepare for the attack. The intention of this order is good, but the army has not eaten enough, and the transport team is still far behind.

Napoleon was in a good mood after breakfast, but he was particularly happy that Wellington was finally forced to attend. He is not as optimistic as his leader. He fought against Wellington and declared to his aides that he had "at least a 90% chance of winning, less than 10% chance of winning". Many troops have not yet been deployed, and Derouau reported that the ground was too muddy to allow artillery to enter the position, forcing the start of the attack to be delayed.

Napoleon summoned 72,000 soldiers on the battlefield, supplemented by 270 cannons. Therefore, compared with Wellington's 68,000 men and 154 guns, it has obvious advantages, especially in artillery. Wellington was worried that Napoleon would try to surround his right wing and cut off his communication line with Ostend, so the Duke sent a special force consisting of 17000 men and 20 cannons to defend Montgomery. Arles is located 8 miles west of Waterloo, on the Brussels-Brussels expressway. General Fuller, a famous strategic authority, condemned the split as Wellington's "first collapse".

In the face of Napoleon, the extraordinary commander-in-chief, it may be wise for Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington to take preventive measures. Napoleon gave the final battle order to the army commander. When all the troops were in combat, the emperor ordered Marshal Ney to attack and occupy the village of Saint Jean at the crossroads. In order to support this operation, the 12 pound guns of the second and sixth corps must be combined with the 12 pound guns of the first corps. Count Delong should lead Zuo Shi to attack, with the support of others in the First Army if necessary.

The second army should March side by side with Lord Darron. The first military company should be ready to build a fort on Mount Saint Jean immediately. There are not many enlightening skills in this plan. Breaking through the enemy's center with a dense phalanx is nothing more than a rigorous maneuver in the Middle Ages. It may be able to successfully deal with Mamluk, but it is doomed to fail when dealing with a powerful infantry phalanx supported by well-trained artillery.

Napoleon was so conceited that he always underestimated the British and their commanders, thinking that he should only use his favorite 12 pound gun to prepare for the shelling, so he formed a wedge formation and rushed to Brussels Road. Break through the center of Wellington and crush other troops in one fell swoop. Surrounded by guards, Napoleon was able to March freely 12 miles into Brussels. The old guard's backpack is full of parade clothes.

Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington contacted Marshal blucher, who promised to send all his troops to provide assistance. Then decided to consolidate the position of Mount Saint Jean to defend Brussels. The position of Wellington was carefully chosen for the intention of the allied leaders. It lasted about 4000 yards along a low ridge, and the road passed through the middle of the ridge. 600 yards to the right are farms and villas, surrounded by rectangular orchards and bushes. Three hundred yards ahead of the center of the position is Lord Hella's manor. These buildings are outposts hastily reinforced.

Allied troops drawn from the national army were wisely mixed with British troops throughout the front line. The key right wing in northern Hogmont was handed over to Cook's 1 Division, which consisted of four British Guards Infantry Battalion. One cavalry brigade serves as the central reserve between the front line and Mount St. Jean, while two British cavalry brigades are in a relatively flat left-wing position. Most of the 24 field artillery companies occupied the hill line west of the shallow road.

According to Wellington's instructions, the artillery ignored the enemy's gunfire and concentrated their fire on attacking enemy infantry and cavalry at close range. Napoleon deployed his troops on the front slope of the Bells Confederate ridge, facing Wellington's position. Delong's first army extended about 2,000 yards eastward from Chalois Road, while Lyle's second army occupied a similar line on the left side of the left-wing road south of Hogmont. Mi Yue's fourth cavalry followed Darron, while Clemente's third cavalry was ordered to support Reyes.

Rob's Sixth Army, two cavalry divisions and guards served as the Central Reserve after the Labelle League. Most of Napoleon's 36 cannons were arranged along a row of hills that passed through eastern and western Liguria, Label. His 3 guns 12 pound gun are superior to Wellington's 9-pound and 6-pound guns in power and range.

Napoleon judged that the weakness of the British army was in the middle. He occupied the right wing of the British army and concentrated on attacking the middle road. He thought Wellington would divide his troops to rescue the right wing and attack from the middle, but he made a mistake and let 0 10' s brother escape. Jerome Bonaparte commanded the Stratigraphic Army of the 6th Division. Jerome is a handsome young man of thirty. He was a naval officer, the king of Westphalia, and the commander-in-chief of the Russian expedition, all of which ended in fiasco. The division he led now forms a lyre? The army left, and while the whole army was advancing, he led his troops to attack the enemy's outpost in Hogmont.

Ye felt obligated to help Jerome, so one brigade after another plunged into a futile battle to seize the place. Here, hundreds of British people defeated the French more than once and nearly ten times. Although the French army suffered heavy losses, it was unable to mobilize the British army to help them, but it consumed a lot of its own military power.

At the beginning of the battle, the French army was ready to fire 80 cannons instead of 24 12 pounds as originally planned. But its power did not pose a threat to the enemy as Napoleon expected. Wellington continued his old practice of hiding infantry behind heraldry. Most of the barrage of French artillery shells penetrated the rain-soaked soil on the front slope, causing no damage, but if it falls on the hard ground, it may cause destructive rebound. Can Napoleon get out of the Label League? Yes? Los Angeles? Belle) Wertham farm (Wrotham? Farm) observe what happens on the battlefield.

He gave Ney the command of the whole attack, which was a fatal mistake. Nye's fighting capacity is unmatched, but he is stubborn, capricious and lacks tactical awareness. Due to other mistakes on the battlefield, the battles of Jena, Baocen and Duniewicz all had unfortunate consequences. He lost another great soldier. Nye was not involved at this stage, and it is not clear why Napoleon did not personally direct the operation. In the Battle of Vagram, Napoleon personally controlled the battlefield area five times that of Waterloo, and he could control twice as many people and cannons as Waterloo. Under the blind and brave rule, Ney led the heroic French column down the gentle slope many times, attacked the British infantry phalanx with bullets, suffered heavy casualties and simply retreated. Yi Jianlian had a similar experience when he played against Wellington in Busaco. But this time it was massena's order, and Napoleon ordered a frontal attack.

East of Brussels-Chaluwa Road, four divisions of Delong Army, under the orders of Ney, launched an attack on another key point covering the center of Wellington. 4000 British soldiers left. They were quickly defeated by the counterattack of two brigades of Urbridge cavalry, causing heavy casualties, while the British cavalry chased the French starting position and destroyed the cannon.

Napoleon now faces new dangerous threats. As an indomitable veteran, blucher urged his troops to cross the muddy road 12 miles west of Vabre to Wellington for rescue as promised. Marshal left Tillman's troops to contain grouchy, and personally led Biro, Pilch and Wisteria's new troops to reinforce the western front. Napoleon's aides in Rosen observed a column slowly approaching the horizon of the Far East woodland. At first he thought it was Grouchy, and this subjective hope was dashed. A French cavalry patrol captured a pioneer officer of Billup's army on the side of Frijimont. He was delivering a letter from blucher to Wellington.

Sirte immediately sent a second report to grouchy. Suvarnabhumi near Waterloo? Fight in front of the forest. The center of the enemy is located in Mount Saint Jean. So now join my right wing. In addition, the intercepted enemy letters indicate that Biro will attack our right wing.

Napoleon also tried to break through Wellington first, while michel ney led a cavalry regiment to launch a series of charges against the British army between Lahaisante and Auguste.

Although the impact of 5000 cavalry was unstoppable, Wellington was calm and ordered his infantry to form a battalion phalanx, each of which was staggered, making it possible to fight independently and maneuver. There was no room, and the British gunner was ordered to hold out until the last minute, and then went to the phalanx to defend. /kloc-within 0/00 yards, the British artillery fire was fierce, and the intensive shells exploded collectively among the French cavalry, blowing the defense lines of the French cavalry apart. The cavalry of Ulbridge. Kellerman's cavalry immediately launched an attack to help Mishaw, but he also suffered the same fate. Nye always attacks only with infantry or cavalry, and never tries to unite his weapons.

Napoleon ventured again, attacking with a total of 30 thousand cavalry reserves, trying to break through Wellington's defense, but he sent Ney to take Hella Saint and ordered another try. When the defenders ran out of ammunition and food, two divisions in Darron finally occupied the target. But Nye's cavalry were all exhausted and could not expand the results.

The battle reached its climax. Prussian troops gathered in Plano, threatening Napoleon's retreat. Now Napoleon's only reserve force is the old Guards. Two of his battalions were sent to destroy Planova's Prussian army, and eight battalions were handed over to Ney to make a final effort to break through Wellington's defense. However, Ney did not widen the gap with Hella Santo, but led the defenders further into the two dense columns on the left and attacked the defensive areas of the British infantry defenders. Although the British infantry suffered heavy casualties in French artillery fire, he was still alive and well. The two sides fought calmly. When the enemy entered within 20 yards, Wellington's shrill voice came from the hillside, a hail of bullets fell, the enemy was hit head-on, and the French guards fled quickly. The last relic in Napoleon's hand also disappeared, which was his last bet.

When the guard's attack gradually turned into running water, the sun began to set. Wellington issued a general counterattack order. Although most of his troops were exhausted and unable to continue fighting, the Prussians were eager to pursue and annihilate the fleeing enemy. Napoleon's troops gave up fighting and abdicated three days later.