Brief introduction and detailed information of perilla frutescens

Morphological characteristics? Annual erect herb. The stem is 0.3-2 meters high, green or purple, obtuse quadrangular, with four grooves and densely villous. The leaves are ovoid or round in width, 7- 13cm long and 4.5- 10cm wide, with short or sharp apex, round or wide wedge-shaped base, rough serrated edge, membranous or grassy above the base, green or purple on both sides, or purple on the lower side, fluffy on the upper side and 7-8 pairs of lateral veins on the lower part. Petiole is 3-5 cm long, with flat dorsal abdomen and densely villous.

2-flowered cymes, forming terminal and axillary racemes, long 1.5- 15 cm, densely villous, leaning to one side; Bracts are broadly ovoid or suborbicular, about 4 mm long and wide, with mucky apex, reddish-brown glandular spots outside, glabrous and membranous edges; Pedicel length 1.5 mm, densely pilose. Calyx bell-shaped, 10 pulse, about 3 mm long, straight, villous at the lower part, with yellow glandular spots, pilose ring in the inner throat, and the result is as long as 1. 1 cm, flat or drooping, with enlarged base, 2-lipped calyx brim, wide upper lip, three teeth and small middle teeth. Corolla white to purplish red, 3-4 mm long, slightly puberulent outside, slightly puberulent inward at the base of lower lip, short crown tube, 2-2.5 mm long, oblique bell-shaped throat, nearly 2-lipped, slightly missing upper lip, 3-cleft lower lip, large middle leaf, and side lobes similar to upper lip. Stamens 4, barely prominent, the front pair slightly longer, free, inserted in the throat, filaments flat, anthers 2-loculed, locules parallel, and then slightly branched or extremely branched; Pistil 1, ovary 4-lobed, style base inserted, stigma 2-loculed; The front end of the disc expands; Stigma 2-lobed. Calyx is about 65438 00 mm long. Style apex equals 2-lobed. The front of the disc is finger-shaped.

Nutlets are nearly spherical, grayish brown, about 65438 0.5 mm in diameter, and reticulate. Flowering period is August-165438+ 10, and fruiting period is August-65438+February.

Growth habit Perilla frutescens has strong adaptability, lax requirements on soil and good drainage, and grows well in sandy soil, loam, clay loam, in front of houses, behind ditches and fertile soil. Vegetables were the best crops of the previous season. Fruit trees can be planted under young forests.

Related species wild perilla

Scientific name: perilla frutescens. Acuta (odash。 )Kud？

This variety is different from the original variety, with small calyx, 4-5.5 mm long, puberulent lower part and glandular points; Stem short, sparsely pilose; The leaves are small, oval, 4.5-7.5 cm long and 2.8-5 cm wide, and both sides are pubescent; Nutlets are small and khaki, with a diameter of1-1.5mm. ..

Perilla frutescens var. auricularia var. macrophylla

Scientific name: perilla frutescens. Saxifraga; Xuanye Li Hongwei

This variety is very similar to wild perilla, but the difference is that the leaf base is round or heart-shaped, and the ear teeth are missing. Stamens protrude slightly from corolla.

China, Zhejiang, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei and Guizhou; Born on hillsides, roadsides or forests. Type specimens were collected from Yunhe, Zhejiang Province.

Go back to Sue, go back to Sue.

Scientific name: perilla frutescens. Potamogeton crispus (Thunb. ) hand. -Maz.

This variety is different from the original variety, and its leaves have narrow and deep serrations, often purple; Fruit calyx is smaller.

Cultivated all over China, it is used as medicine and perfume. Type specimens were collected from Japan.

Propagation method Perilla frutescens is propagated by seeds, which are divided into direct seeding and seedling transplanting.

Live spring sowing, the sowing time difference between the north and the south is one month, the south is March, and the north is in the middle and late April. Direct seeding in the border, with a row spacing of 60 cm and a ditch depth of 2-3 cm, evenly spread seeds into the ditch, and then cover with thin rice. Hole sowing: row spacing is 45 cm, plant spacing is 25-30 cm, and shallow soil is covered. Water immediately after sowing, keep it moist, and the sowing amount is per hectare 15- 18.75 kg, which is labor-saving, fast growing, early harvest and high yield.

This method is used in arid areas with insufficient seeds and poor water conservancy conditions. The seedbed should be in a sunny and warm place, with farmyard manure and appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate or plant ash. In the first ten days of April, irrigate the border, sow after water infiltration, cover it with shallow soil for 2-3 cm, keep the bed surface moist, and emerge in about one week. The seedlings that are too dense after being planted together are often watered and weeded, and the height of the seedlings is 3-4 cm. When four pairs of leaves grow, they are planted in wheat fields on cloudy days or in the evening after wheat harvest. On the first day of planting, the nursery should be watered.

When transplanting, the roots are completely easy to survive and are planted by pulling. The plant spacing is 30cm, and the ditching depth is 15cm. Arrange the seedlings, cover the soil, water or dilute the human and animal feces, and loosen the soil to preserve moisture after 1-2 days. Planting about 6.5438+0.5 million seedlings per hectare, watering every 2-3 days when the weather is dry, then reducing watering, crouching down the seedlings to make the roots grow.

Perilla frutescens, a cultivation technique of site selection and soil preparation, has strong adaptability to climate and soil. It is best to choose loose and fertile sandy loam and loam with sufficient sunshine and good drainage, while heavy clay grows poorly. Soil preparation, turning to the depth of 15cm, and harrowing. Fine, make a border, the width of the border and groove is 200 cm, and the depth of the groove is 15-20 cm.

Weeding should be done frequently before loosening plants grow and closing ridges, and attention should be paid to weeding between seedlings in direct seeding areas. When the seedling height in the drill field is 15cm, it should be fixed at 30cm, and the surplus seedlings should be used for transplanting. The plants in the direct seeding area grow fast and the density is high, so the plants grow in vain, and few plants are branched or not. Although it can reach the height of the plant, there are fewer leaves under the plant, poor illumination and air falling off, which affects the yield of leaves and perilla oil. At the same time, the stems with many leaves and few leaves also affect the specifications of the whole grass, so it is not too early to sow seedlings. From field planting to ridge sealing, loosen the soil and weed twice.

Requirements of temperature on environmental conditions: Perilla likes warm and humid climate, seeds can germinate above 5℃, and the suitable germination temperature is 18-23℃. The seedling stage can bear the low temperature of 1-2℃. Plants grow slowly at lower temperatures. It grows vigorously in summer. The suitable temperature for flowering is 22-28℃ and the relative humidity is 75%-80%. Resistant to humidity, strong waterlogging and drought, especially in the organ formation period of the product, such as too dry air, too thick and hard stems and leaves, too much fiber and poor quality. It has wide adaptability to soil and can grow in the shade.

The growth time of topdressing perilla frutescens is relatively short, and the whole grass can be harvested two and a half months after planting, and the whole grass is used as medicine, so nitrogen fertilizer is the main one. Concentrate fertilization before ridge closure.

In the direct seeding area, topdressing should be applied when the height of seedlings is 30cm. After furrowing between rows, human manure 15000-22500kg or ammonium sulfate 1 12.5kg and calcium superphosphate 150kg should be applied per hectare, and the fertilizer should be buried with loose soil. The second time, apply fertilizer again before harvesting the ridge, and the method is the same as above. But be careful not to touch the leaves this time.

After irrigation, sowing or transplanting, if it doesn't rain for several days, water it in time. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season, dredge the operation channel, and prevent stagnant water from littering.

Harvesting and processing perilla should be harvested in sunny days, with rich fragrance and easy drying. The application of perilla leaves should be carried out from late July to early August, when the perilla leaves have not yet blossomed.

Perilla peduncle: before flowering in early September, the inflorescence is harvested when it just grows, cut off from the root with a sickle, and the plant is hung upside down in a ventilated and cool place to dry. After drying, it is paved with leaves for medicine.

Perilla frutescens: 65438 seeds and fruits are harvested at maturity from late September to mid-June. Cut the ear or the whole plant, tie it into sticks, dry it in the sun for a few days, then remove the seeds and dry it in the sun. The yield per hectare is 1 125- 1500 kg.

Pay attention to the selection and retention of improved varieties while collecting seeds. Select plants with strong growth and high yield, and then harvest, dry and thresh them after the seeds are completely mature, and use them as seeds.

Disease control leaf blight occurs from June to harvest, damaging leaves. Brown or dark brown spots with different sizes and shapes appeared on the leaves at the early stage of the disease, and then developed into nearly round or polygonal spots with a diameter of 0.2-2.5 cm. The lesion on purple leaves is not obvious, but the lesion on green leaves is more obvious. When the lesions dry up, they usually form holes. In severe cases, the lesions converge and the leaves fall off. Under the conditions of high temperature and humidity, insufficient sunshine, too dense planting and poor ventilation and light transmission, it is easy to get sick.

Prevention and control methods:

① Collect seeds from disease-free plants.

(2) Pay attention to the site drainage and clear the ditch in time.

③ Avoid planting too closely.

④ Chemical control: spray with 80% wettable zineb 80O times solution or 1: 1: 200 bordeaux solution at the initial stage of onset. Spray continuously for 2-3 times every 7 days 1 time. However, spraying should be stopped half a month before harvesting to ensure that the medicinal materials are pesticide-free.

Red spider harms perilla leaves. It is most abundant in June-August when the weather is dry, high temperature and low humidity. Starscream adults are small, usually orange and sometimes yellow. Starscream gathered on the back of leaves to suck juice, and small yellow and white spots began to appear. Later, a large area of yellow-brown scorched spots can be seen on the leaves. After unfolding, the whole leaves turn yellow and lose green, and common leaves fall off.

Prevention and control methods:

(1) Collect the fallen leaves in the field during harvesting and burn them centrally; Weeds on ridges, ditches and roadsides should be removed in early spring.

② Spraying 40% dimethoate emulsion 2000 times as early as possible during the occurrence period. However, it is required to stop spraying half a month before harvesting to ensure that there is no residual poison on the medicinal materials.

From July to September, the larvae of Spodoptera argentea harmed Perilla frutescens, the leaves were bitten into holes or nicks, and the mature larvae formed thin cocoons on the plants to pupate.

Control method: spray 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times solution.

Main value Ornamental value Perilla leaves have two colors: green and purple, with different styles and fresh taste. There is also a purple bouquet similar to lavender. The whole plant is small in area, suitable for family balcony planting and has high ornamental value.

Medicinal value for colds: Perilla frutescens can disperse exterior cold and sweat strongly. It is used for symptoms of exterior cold such as aversion to cold, fever and anhidrosis. It is often used with ginger. For exterior syndrome of qi stagnation, it can be combined with Cyperus rotundus and Chenpi.

Used for chest distress, nausea, etc.: Perilla frutescens is used for spleen and stomach qi stagnation, chest distress and nausea, regardless of symptoms, based on its function of promoting qi circulation, and is often used with Pogostemon in clinic.

The value of dietotherapy Perilla frutescens is often used as medicine in China, but it can also be used for cooking in other countries and as a vegetable or tea in a few areas of China.

Perilla leaves can relieve exterior syndrome, dispel cold, promote qi and regulate stomach, and can be used to relieve the poison of fish and crabs.

Perilla stem has the effect of regulating qi and stopping vomiting, and can be used to treat dyspepsia caused by qi stagnation of spleen and stomach.

Perilla frutescens has the functions of relieving cough and asthma, resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis, and edible oil, which has obvious curative effect on treating coronary heart disease and hyperlipidemia.

Koreans use perilla to make pickles, and fresh perilla leaves can also be used to make salads. Perilla seeds are used as seasoning for meat food and also for making perilla sesame salt. Koreans are used to eating barbecue with fresh perilla leaves.

Vietnamese people use perilla leaves in stews and cooking dishes, or put them on Vietnamese rice noodles as decoration.

Perilla frutescens, the flower language of plant culture, looks inconspicuous in appearance, but in fact, the flower language is very common. ?

There is also a kind of perilla, whose flower language is hopeless love

Legend has it that there is such a legend about perilla

It is said that on the Double Ninth Festival in 1999, Hua Tuo took his disciples to a restaurant to drink and saw several teenagers eating crabs in a contest. They ate a lot. Hua Tuo thought that crabs were cold and might get sick if they ate too much, so he advised them to eat less. Those teenagers are too happy to listen to their orders. They even sneered that Hua Tuo was greedy. Hua tuo was very angry. He told the shopkeeper that he could no longer sell them crabs. If he eats too much, he is afraid of death. But the hotel owner wanted to earn more money and didn't listen to Hua Tuo at all. He also said that even if something happened, it had nothing to do with Hua Tuo, who had to sit down and drink his own wine.

After a while, the teenager suddenly said that he had a terrible stomachache. The hotel owner was frightened and asked what was going on. The teenagers said that these crabs were poisonous and asked him to call a doctor to see them. At this time, Hua Tuo identified himself as a doctor and told the teenagers that he knew what disease they had. The teenagers quickly begged Hua Tuo to save them. Hua tuo made them promise to respect the elderly before treating them from now on, and the teenagers agreed. Hua tuo and his apprentice left the hotel, and the apprentice said he could go home and get the medicine. Hua tuo told his disciples that he didn't have to go home, just dig some purple clover for them to eat. Hua tuo and his disciples quickly picked some leaves of Arnebia euchroma and asked the hotel owner to cook several bowls of soup for the teenagers to drink. Soon, their stomachs stopped hurting. They are very grateful to Hua Tuo, expressing their gratitude to him, and publicizing how brilliant Hua Tuo's medical skills are everywhere. Hua Tuo also warned the boss not to just make money in the future, and the boss nodded and said yes.

Hua Tuo's apprentice asked Hua Tuo how he knew that these lilacs could cure crab poison. Hua Tuo said that he had seen otters eat Lithospermum leaves to treat diseases before. Once, Hua Tuo and his disciples went to collect medicine. When they saw an otter eating too much, they felt very uncomfortable, so they ate some purple clover and soon recovered. This is because fish, like crabs, are cool, while purple clover is warm, so it can be used to detoxify. The apprentice immediately opened his brain.

After that, Hua tuo made purple clover into pills and sprinkled them on his body to treat diseases. He also found that grass has other functions. Because this purple clover is very comfortable to eat in the stomach, the backstage named it Zishu, which later evolved into perilla.