Introduction to Chengde

Province: Hebei

City area code: 03 14

City Postal Code: 067000

City location: Chengde City is located at east longitude11554' ~1915', north latitude 401'~ 42 40', and it is in the connecting transition zone between North China and Northeast China.

Urban zoning: Chengde City governs 3 municipal districts, 5 counties and 3 autonomous counties.

Other information:

City profile:

abstract

The whole city covers an area of 395 19 square kilometers. There are four railway lines, namely Jingcheng Line, Jingcheng Line, Jingtong Line and Chenglong Line. The main line extends 632 kilometers, and there are 5 national trunk highways with a mileage of 5,358 kilometers and a total population of more than 3.6 million. Chengde is rich in resources and is famous for its natural scenery and places of interest. Chengde pays attention to the three advantages of tourism, resources and location in its economic development. Chengde Municipal People's Government is located on the banks of Wulie River in Shuangqiao District, 435 kilometers away from the provincial capital Shijiazhuang and 256 kilometers away from Beijing.

Chengde, formerly known as Jehol, is located in the northeast of Hebei Province. It is one of the first batch of 24 national historical and cultural cities, one of the top ten scenic spots and one of the forty scenic spots in China, and a national key scenic spot. It is a national first-class open city. 1994 Chengde's summer resort and its surrounding temples have been approved by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage, thus making Chengde a world cultural city.

geographical position

Chengde city is located at11554' ~165438+0915' east longitude and 401'~ 42 40' north latitude, and it is at the junction of North China and Northeast China.

Chengde is a city under the jurisdiction of Hebei Province. Located in the northeast of Hebei Province, at the intersection of Luanhe River and Wulie River. The southwest is 230 kilometers away from the capital Beijing and 540 kilometers away from the capital Shijiazhuang. It borders Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the north, Liaoning Province in the east, Zhangjiakou City in the west, Beijing and Tianjin in the southwest and Qinhuangdao and Tangshan in the southeast. The maximum horizontal distance from east to west is 280 kilometers, and the maximum vertical distance from north to south is 268 kilometers, with a total area of 39,548 square kilometers.

administrative division

The city has jurisdiction over eight counties and three districts, namely Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County, Fengning Manchu Autonomous County, Longhua County, Luanping County, Pingquan County, Chengde County, Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County, Xinglong County, Shuangqiao District, Shuangluan District and Yingshouyingzi Mining Area.

In 2005, Chengde governed 3 municipal districts, 5 counties and 3 autonomous counties.

Chengde has an area of 395 19 km2 and a population of 36 10/00000 (2004).

Shuangqiao District covers an area of 3 1 1 km2 and has a population of 290,000. Postal code 067000.

Shuangluan District covers an area of 250 square kilometers and has a population of 654.38 million. Postal code 067 100.

Yingshouyingzi mining area 148 square kilometers, with a population of 70,000. Postal code 067200.

Chengde county covers an area of 3,990 square kilometers and has a population of 470,000. Postal code 067400.

Xinglong county covers an area of 3 1 16 square kilometers and has a population of 320,000. Postal code 067300.

Pingquan County covers an area of 3,297 square kilometers and has a population of 470,000. Postal code 067500.

Luanping county covers an area of 3 195 square kilometers and has a population of 320,000. Postal code 068250.

Longhua county covers an area of 5,474 square kilometers and has a population of 420,000. Postal code 068 150.

Fengning Manchu Autonomous County covers an area of 8,747 square kilometers and has a population of 380,000. Postal code 068350.

Kuancheng Manchu Autonomous County covers an area of 1.933 square kilometers with a population of 230,000. Postal code 067600.

Weichang Manchu and Mongolian Autonomous County covers an area of 9,058 square kilometers and has a population of 520,000. Postal code 068450.

* The geographical names of the branches here are as of June 5, 2005 to February 5, 2005; Area and population data According to the Administrative Division of the People's Republic of China (2006), the population was as of the end of 2004. *

Human population

The total population is 3.64 million, and the minority population accounts for 40%; The agricultural population is 2.67 million, accounting for 73%.

Climate and irrigation

Chengde is located in the transition zone between Inner Mongolia Plateau and North China Plain, and belongs to temperate continental monsoon mountain climate with four distinct seasons. Although it is cold in winter, because it is surrounded by mountains, it blocks the invasion of the cold current in the Mongolian Plateau, so the temperature is higher than other areas in the same latitude. Summer is cool, rainfall is concentrated, and there is basically no high temperature period.

History and culture

Historical background

Chengde has a long history. As early as the Neolithic Age at the end of primitive society, our ancestors lived and worked in this land. The stone axe, net pendant, Tao Ge and other rich historical relics found here are the remains of their work and life here. During the Yin and Zhou Dynasties, this area was inhabited by ethnic minorities such as Shan Xu and Dong Hu, and it was the sphere of influence of Yan Hou. Many Western Zhou bronzes were unearthed in Zi Ying Village, Lingyuan County, about150km east of Chengde City. During the Warring States Period, Chengde belonged to Yuyang, Youbeirun and Liaoxi counties established by Yan State. Historical records. Xiongnu Biography records that the Great Wall was built by Yan State in this area, but it is still faintly visible in the ruins of the Great Wall. In particular, the discovery of the famous Xinglong agricultural tool iron fan shows that the agricultural production in this area was quite developed at that time. After the Qin and Han dynasties, the central governments of all dynasties set up administrative agencies here. In the long history, the economy and culture of the Han, Xiongnu, Wuhuan, Xianbei, Kumohi, Qidan, Turkic Mongolia and other ethnic groups here have been further developed.

After the Qing Dynasty, the geographical position of Jehol became more and more important. It borders Beijing, Tianjin and Zhangjiakou in the west, Liaoning in the east, Inner Mongolia in the north and Qinhuangdao and Tangshan in the south. It is an important regional city in the hinterland of Yanshan Mountain and the coast of Bohai Sea. Due to the unique natural conditions such as climate and products, it can not only cool off the summer heat, but also contact Mongolia and consolidate the border defense. So the Qing emperor began to build a summer resort in the 42nd year of Kangxi (1703), and the project ended in the 57th year of Qianlong (1792). After the villa was established, there were seven emperors in the Qing Dynasty. During the reign of Kang and Gan in Qing Dynasty, Villa and Waiba Temple flourished. The emperors spent the summer here and managed politics, making it the second political center of the country. With the decline of the Qing Dynasty, the villa and Waiba Temple in their heyday also began to decline. 1976, the State Council approved the first 10-year renovation plan for the Summer Resort and the Outer Eight Temples, and the Summer Resort and the Outer Eight Temples were renovated on a large scale.

Cultural characteristics

The history of Chengde, also known as Jehol, has a specific regional culture and profound connotation. Chengde is the birthplace of Jurassic World 100 million years ago, and it is also the most densely populated place in the history of Chengde.

Hongshan Culture site "Hongshan Culture" is the Neolithic history and culture in Jehol area, which has been more than 5,000 years. During the transition period of clan society in the late Neolithic period, nomadic people entered the plain from the Mongolian plateau along the river and lived a transitional farming life. They all passed through the Jehol area, which is the turning point of human evolution and development. This period should be called Yanshan culture, and Zhao culture has become the main historical culture in Hebei.

As a famous historical and cultural city in China, Chengde has been the capital of China for 200 years in modern history, and it is the place where princes and ministers of all ethnic groups live. There are the Summer Resort and Waiba Temple, one of the three ancient buildings in China. It concentrates the royal culture, ancient architecture culture, Buddhist culture and Confucian culture in the Central Plains, and is a treasure house favored by Chinese people and people in the industry. Recently, a primary stall market was set up, and Chengde Antique City was established. The Municipal Collectors Association and the National Folk Museum jointly organized the Jehol Antique City, including the art supermarket, in the former site of the Jehol Tutongfu.

The intangible cultural heritage of folk art industry has been listed as a key cultural protection topic by countries all over the world. The ancient building culture, Buddhist culture, Confucian culture in the Central Plains, folk customs and natural resources in our city constitute a treasure house of intangible cultural heritage.

While excavating, sorting out and protecting cultural heritage resources, effectively utilizing and expanding industrialization effect is another important part of cultural industry. In recent years, a large number of heavyweight artists and their works have emerged in Chengde City, such as Fengning Teng's tapestry, Cui Xiaoli's bronze sculpture, sculpture, Li woodcarving, Zhang Dongge's folk decorative painting, clay figurine, root carving, bamboo weaving, walnut carving, photography, calligraphy and painting, etc., which enjoy a high reputation throughout the country. Supporting the creation and marketization of literary and art workers is an important way to develop Chengde cultural industry.

Paper-cut industry Paper-cut is the inheritance of Chengde traditional family culture and national art, which is spread all over Chengde counties, especially Fengning paper-cut. 1992 was named "Hometown of Chinese Paper-cutting" by the Ministry of Culture; In 2005, it was listed in the first batch of China's intangible cultural heritage list; Published a special collection of "Mrs. Wang Paper-cutting"; Hebei province organizes some artists to perform abroad; Also named a group of arts and crafts artists. However, it is not operated as an industry, lagging behind the development of art, and there is a big gap compared with the paper-cutting industry in Yuxian County, Zhangjiakou.

Urban planning layout and scale

Goal: Optimize the allocation of commercial resources, and build Chengde into a commercial circulation center based in the northeast of Hebei, facing Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan, and radiating Mongolia, Liaoning and North China.

The planning of commercial outlets in Chengde City began in August 2004. The planning period is from 2005 to 20 15, and the planning space covers Shuangqiao District, Shuangluan District and New District. The planned business formats include supermarkets, convenience stores, large supermarkets, warehouse stores, specialty stores, specialty stores, department stores and large shopping centers, and the planned targets include wholesale and retail trading enterprises, specialized markets, farmers' markets, logistics enterprises, star-rated hotels and catering enterprises.

From the overall planning point of view, Chengde will form a functional zoning layout and a three-level commercial market system framework of municipal, district and residential commercial centers, focusing on building new formats and commercial characteristic streets such as shopping centers and convenience stores, as well as large-scale professional markets and logistics enterprises. Construction of eight characteristic commercial streets: Xinhua Road (commercial service street), Qingfeng Street (commercial and cultural corridor), Shaanxi Ying Street (leisure and entertainment street), Yuhua Road (boutique street), Wulie Road (cultural and leisure street), four hutongs (electronic and communication products street), Puning Road (tourist and cultural commercial street) and Luanhe Ancient Street (folk commercial and cultural pedestrian street). At the same time, it is planned to build Chengde International Conference Center, which is built according to the mountain villa and integrated into the mountain villa, becoming an extension of the landscape of the summer resort. In the layout of district-level commercial center, the reservoir from the north of Erdaohezi to Xiaomiaozi is planned to be a tourist cultural area; The new area will plan to build a financial and business district in the new airport area, a cultural service area in Fengyingzi area and a logistics park in Shangbancheng area. It is planned that the business in Shuangluan District will form a pattern of "taking the district-level commercial center as the core, Shuangtashan Street and Luanhe Street extending on both sides, supported by logistics" and "one core and two belts". Through planning, Chengde will form a unified and open urban commercial network system with orderly competition, reasonable layout structure and complete functions, making Chengde a commercial circulation center based on northern Hebei, facing Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan and radiating from Mongolia, Liaoning and North China.

Industry and transportation

resources

Chengde is rich in resources. There are four river systems in the territory, namely Luanhe River, Chaohe River, Liaohe River and Daling River, with an annual output of 3.76 billion cubic meters, which is an important water supply source for Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan (accounting for 93.4% of the total inflow of Panjiakou Reservoir and 56.7% of the total inflow of Miyun Reservoir). The forestland area accounts for 43.4%, the grassland area accounts for 40%, and the forest coverage rate is 48%. Chengde is the largest edible fungus production base in northern China and an important Chinese herbal medicine production base in northern China. At present, 98 kinds of minerals have been discovered, and 50 kinds have been developed and utilized. It is the only large-scale vanadium-titanium magnetite resource base in China except Panzhihua. The proven reserves of vanadium-titanium magnetite resources are 357 million tons, and the ultra-poor vanadium-titanium magnetite resources are 7.559 billion tons. The output of gold ranks first in Hebei Province, with rich resources such as molybdenum, silver, copper, lead, zinc, granite and marble.

industry

Chengde accelerates the construction of the economic growth pole of Hebei North Cavity, and the main direction is to accelerate the cultivation of leading industries and the formation of strategic support. Efforts will be made to enlarge and strengthen the two strategic supporting industries of vanadium and titanium products and clean energy, cultivate and strengthen the three reserve industries of green food, tourism, components and instruments, and form a pattern of "2+3" five leading industries to accelerate development.

The rare precious metal alloy products industry with vanadium and titanium as the main industry is the most advantageous industry in Chengde. It is necessary to strengthen exploration and intensive mining, strengthen vanadium and titanium, make fine steel, expand cast steel and develop in clusters;

The power industry, which focuses on clean energy, should focus on Bashang wind power, vigorously promote thermal power, develop hydropower step by step, develop nuclear power, and accelerate the landing of various power projects. Cultivate three reserve industries. The focus and direction of the development of agricultural products processing industry based on green food is to focus on animal husbandry, develop herbivorous animal husbandry and its deep processing.

There are 1 500 kv power transmission and transformation, 6 220 kv power transmission and transformation, 35 1 10 kv power transmission and transformation, and the power supply capacity of the main network is 1.8 million kilowatts. In 2006, the electricity consumption was 7.48 billion kWh.

traffic

The carrying capacity and radiation capacity of Chengde traffic have been greatly enhanced. The Supreme Small Railway from Zhang Shuang to Hulan is being built, the tourist feeder airport is planned, and a comprehensive transportation network with "one ring and eight shots" as the core is constructed, forming a transportation hub facing Beijing and Tianjin, reaching Liaoning and Mongolia and opening ports, and a coal-fired energy channel from eastern Mongolia and western Liaoning to Beijing, Tianjin and Tangshan. 10 1, 1 12 national highway and Jin Jing-Jingtong railway run through the whole territory. Chengde section of Jingcheng Expressway has been completed and opened to traffic, and expressway such as Tang Cheng, Chengchao, Chengchi, Qin Cheng and Zhangcheng are under planning. The city's highway mileage is 18036 km, and it has achieved secondary roads in counties, oil roads in towns and villages, highways in villages and hardened roads in more than 60% of administrative villages.

Railway:

Chengde Railway Station is located in the southeast of Chengde City. The three railways, Jingcheng, Jincheng and Chenglong, meet at Chengde Station, and the express trains from Beijing to Dandong and from Beijing South to Ulanhot also pass through here.

Travel to Chengde usually takes Beijing, which is only 230 kilometers away from Beijing. You can take Beijing as a transit point: you can take N2 1 1 time (leave at 6:30 in the morning and arrive in Chengde at noon 10: 48), and the hard seat fare is 4 1 yuan and the soft seat is 6/kloc. You can also leave from Jinzhou and Shenyang: take bus No.2067 (leave at 7: 25 in the morning and arrive in Chengde at 20: 28 in the evening). To travel to Mulan paddock, you usually take the Jingtong line train at Beijing North Station, get off at Siheyong Station and then transfer to CMB.

Highway:

Chengde has highways radiating all around. There are 10 1,11,1 12 national highways passing through the territory, reaching Inner Mongolia in the north, Liaoning in the east, Beijing in the southwest and Tianjin in the southeast. It only takes about 5 hours from Beijing to Chengde. Chengde coach station has been opened to high-class express passengers in Beijing and Shijiazhuang. In the tourist season, there are direct tourist buses in Beijing and Tianjin, and there are also regular long-distance buses to and from Chengde.

Bus:

The transportation in Chengde is very convenient and there are many modes of transportation. Chengde Hong Xiao * * has a complete line and more trains. 1 yuan can generally go to various scenic spots in the city (it takes 10- 15 minutes to walk to Little Potala Palace and Fushou Temple in Xumishan). Take bus 15 outside the gate of the summer resort to get to Waiba Temple.

Taxi:

Chengde taxi starts in 5 yuan/2km, and then 1.4 yuan/km.

Go sightseeing

Chengde City was listed in the first batch of national excellent tourist cities by the National Tourism Administration at the end of 1998, and is known as the "Pearl of Zisai". China's largest existing royal garden-Summer Resort, magnificent temples-Waiba Temple, and beautiful natural scenery. The urban area is surrounded by Yanshan Mountains, with hammer peaks towering into the sky and rugged Jiguan Mountain in the east. On the west is the undulating Ren Guang ridge; North of the towering Golden Mountains; The steep Senmao Mountain in the south. Cultural landscape and natural landscape complement each other, just like bright pearls, embedded in the north of China.

It is a tourist summer resort.

Chengde is rich in tourism resources, and Luanping has the essence of the Great Wall-Jinshanling Great Wall; Fengning's "the first grassland in northern Beijing" is famous for its superior geographical location and beautiful natural scenery; "Baiyun Ancient Cave" is a collection of wonders, dangers, wildness, seclusion, monks, nuns and Taoists in one mountain; The famous Qing Dynasty Royal Hunting Garden "Mulan Weichang" in Weichang County is located in the northernmost Weichang County of Hebei Province, bordering Inner Mongolia, from Chengde to NATO 120 km. Since ancient times, the paddock has been a famous natural garden with abundant aquatic plants and numerous animals. In 168 1 year, Emperor Kangxi established 1 10,000 square kilometers in Fiona Fang, including 72 hunting grounds. It is a natural resort for summer tourism and winter skiing and hunting. Wuling Mountain in Xinglong is rich in animal and plant species and is listed as a national nature reserve. Kuancheng's "Underwater Great Wall" is the wonder of Wan Li Great Wall; The source of the Liaohe River in Pingquan has beautiful scenery, distinct natural secondary forests, and a grassland on the top of the mountain, showing a subalpine grassland landscape ... At present, Chengde has successively launched "Beijing-Chengde World Cultural Heritage Tour", "Folk Customs Tour", "Mulan paddock skiing and hunting tour", "Bashang forest grassland tour" and "Beijing-Chengde-paddock-Fengning".

Chengde is suitable for sightseeing all year round, but considering its seasonal and beautiful natural scenery, April-10 is the best.

speciality

Silk hanging brocade in summer resort Chengde woodcarving bracken folk paper-cut

Tengshibu Hu Hua Almond Dew

special

Mushroom steamer game baxian royal lotus leaf chicken

Snacks: Nansha cake, buckwheat noodles, river leakage bowl and Tuohua rose cake.

Danxia landform

Chengde is not only rich in cultural landscape, but also has simple and natural natural features.

Danxia landform: There are many peculiar red rock (rock) landscapes around the urban area, which are called "Danxia landform" in geology, which is rare in northern China. Compared with Danxia Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, these landforms are not only unique in shape, but also add a bit of grandeur.

Main natural mountain scenery: Hammer Peak, Toad Stone, Luohan Mountain, Senmao Mountain, Tianqiao Mountain, Shuangta Mountain and Jiguan Peak.

Royal garden

The Summer Resort is the largest existing royal garden with the most unique architectural style in China. It is also called Jehol Palace and Chengde Palace. It was the place where the Qing emperors spent the summer and engaged in various political activities.

Summer resort: it is mainly divided into two parts: palace area and garden scenic area.

The palace area is in the south, where the Qing emperor handled government affairs, held ceremonies and met foreign envoys, and where the queen lived. The building is simple, solemn and magnificent.

The garden scenic spot is located in the north of the palace area, including three parts: lake area, plain area and mountain area.

The lake area is blue and clear, and the islands and bridges are dotted with pavilions;

The plain area is lush with green grass and towering old trees;

In mountainous areas, there are many strange peaks, deep valleys and deep valleys.

Features: The Summer Resort combines the exquisiteness of Jiangnan water town with the elegance of royal architecture, just like a gorgeous treasure embedded in the land of North China.

Royal Garden Area: It covers an area of about 5.6 million square meters, twice that of the Summer Palace in Beijing and eight times that of the Forbidden City. After three generations of emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, it took 87 years to basically complete. There are more than 0/20 buildings/kloc, including buildings, platforms, pavilions, pavilions, halls, pavilions, temples, towers, corridors and bridges. Emperor Kangxi named 36 scenic spots with four words, and Emperor Qianlong named 36 scenic spots with three words.

temple architecture

There are large and small temples 12 around chengde mountain resort. This 12 temple is divided into eight places for management, so it is called "Waiba Temple". They are: Xumi Fushou Temple, Pumi Zongcheng Temple, Puren Temple, Shuxiang Temple, Puning Temple, Anyuan Temple, Pule Temple and Puyou Temple.

One legend is that ...

Jehol becomes a "soldier"

Chengde is a mysterious city and a desirable tourist destination. The famous summer resort was once the Jehol Palace where the Qing emperor handled state affairs in summer. There are many scenic spots for the royal family and relatives to enjoy, including Pule Temple, Puning Temple, Putuo Zongcheng Temple (Little Potala Palace) and Bangzimen Mountain. Many buildings in Chengde have the artistic features of Han, Mongolian, Tibetan, Uygur and the garden style in the south of the Yangtze River, and were rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China by 1985.

There is a legend in Chengde that "Jehol turns soldiers into ice". Before the summer resort was built, a company commander wrote to Emperor Kangxi asking for funds to rebuild the Great Wall to strengthen border defense. Kangxi disagreed and thought that the key to national peace was to unite as one. Later, with the construction of the summer resort, the small town of Jehol gradually formed. Different from other ancient cities, the terrain here is open and there is no danger to defend, but the city walls and gates have not been built, and the city has not met for more than 300 years. Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty not only regarded Chengde as the "summer capital", but also regarded it as a "platform" for uniting and integrating all ethnic groups. The legend of "turning Jehol into a soldier" has also become a cultural element handed down.

China Air Travel Network (www.cnair.com) Original: air.com/hebei/chengde/list_chengde.htm