Chronology of major events in World War I and World War II

The formation of the international anti-fascist alliance

German, Italian and Japanese fascists imposed wars and fascist tyranny on people of all countries, which promoted the gradual development and strengthening of the anti-fascist national alliance. 1941On June 22nd, the Soviet-German war broke out, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made a radio speech, announcing that he would give all possible assistance to the Soviet Union and Qi Xin would work together to fight against the enemy. The US government also issued a statement expressing its willingness to help the Soviet Union. On July 3, Stalin delivered a radio address, indicating that the Soviet Union's patriotic war "will unite people of all countries in their struggle for independence, democracy and freedom" and form a "united front". 12 In July, the Soviet Union and Britain signed an agreement on joint action against Germany. The Soviet Union also signed cooperation agreements with the Czech, Polish, Norwegian and Belgian governments in exile in London, recognizing the "Free France" movement. In August, Britain and the United States published the Atlantic Charter, expressing their determination to oppose Nazi tyranny and rebuild peace. On September 29, a tripartite meeting between the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain was held in Moscow, and an agreement was signed that Britain and the United States would provide military supplies and loans to the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union would provide raw materials to Britain and the United States. After Pearl Harbor, the United States officially entered the war, and China also declared war on Germany, Italy and Japan. Other countries also declared war on the Axis countries. 10 On February 22nd, the US-UK summit proposed that all countries against the Axis countries sign the declaration of alliance. The draft declaration put forward by the United States was revised after consultation with Britain and the Soviet Union and sent to the allies by urgent telegram. 1 942 65438+1October1,26 countries, namely: the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, China, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czechoslovakia, Dominica, El Salvador, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras. The declaration expressed support for the purposes and principles of the Atlantic Charter and emphasized the importance of defeating the enemy. The signatory countries promise to use all military and economic resources to fight the fascist countries of Germany, Italy and Japan, cooperate with their allies, and not conclude an armistice agreement or a peace treaty with the enemy alone; Other countries that are giving or may give material assistance and contributions in the anti-fascist struggle can join this statement. The signing and publication of the declaration marked the formal establishment of the international anti-fascist alliance. By the end of World War II, 52 countries had joined the alliance. It united the forces that might be united, isolated the forces of fascist aggression to the maximum extent, and played a decisive role in finally defeating fascist countries.

yalta conference

Or the Crimean conference. The second summit meeting of the anti-fascist allies, the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain, held during World War II (the first meeting was1943+01~/kloc-0 held in Tehran in February). 1at the beginning of 945, the German ruling group tried to make peace with the United States and Britain alone; In the process of war victory, the contradiction between Britain and the United States and the Soviet Union became increasingly obvious. How to deal with post-war German and European affairs and defeat Japan needs to be solved urgently. From February 4th to 1 1, Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill held a meeting in Yalta, Crimea, Soviet Union. The discussion covered a wide range of issues, and the atmosphere was sometimes tense and sometimes active. After a heated debate, a series of agreements were reached. (1) About the disposal of Germany: Nazi Germany should accept the unconditional surrender clause; After the war, Germany must disarm and dismantle its military equipment and industry; Punish war criminals; Destroy the Nazi Party and its influence; Agree that the total amount of German compensation proposed by the Soviet Union is 20 billion US dollars, half of which should be owned by the Soviet Union; The armies of the three countries occupied a region of Germany, the Soviet Union occupied the east, Britain occupied the northwest and the United States occupied the southwest (France later acquired an occupied area); "Great Berlin" was occupied by the armies of the three countries, the Soviet Union occupied the northeast and Britain and the United States occupied the southwest. (2) The meeting decided that the Soviet Union would take part in the war against Japan within two or three months after the end of the European War. The conditions for participating in the war are: (1) maintaining the status quo in outer Mongolia. (2) The southern part of Sakhalin Island and all adjacent islands were returned to the Soviet Union; Dalian commercial port is internationalized to ensure the Soviet Union's superior rights and interests in this port; The Soviet Union rented Lushun as a military port; The Middle East and South Manchuria Railways were jointly organized by China and the Soviet Union to ensure the superior rights and interests of the Soviet Union. The Kuril Islands were handed over to the Soviet Union. (3) The Soviet Union will sign a treaty of friendship and alliance with the China National Government to help China liberate from Japanese slavery. (3) In order to ensure post-war peace and security, the meeting decided to establish an international organization-the United Nations. The most important function of the United Nations is entrusted to the Security Council, which consists of five permanent members (China, the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France) and six non-permanent members (the number of non-permanent members increased to 65,438+00 in 1965). Any substantive issue must be unanimously agreed by the five permanent members, that is, all permanent members have veto power over Security Council resolutions. The meeting also decided to convene the United Nations General Assembly in San Francisco on April 25, 1945 1945 to formulate the Charter of the United Nations. The purpose of Yalta Conference was to punish German fascists and defeat Japanese imperialism with allied forces, which played a positive historical role. However, it made a decision that was detrimental to China's sovereignty and interests without the participation of the representative of China, which is an ugly manifestation of power politics.

Stalingrad

The decisive battle in the Soviet Patriotic War. After the defeat of the Moscow campaign, in the summer of 1942, Hitler concentrated150,000 troops and launched a summer offensive on the southern line. After making progress in Crimea and Caucasus, the main German army began to attack Stalingrad in July. After fierce fighting, the German superior forces crossed the bend of the Don River on August 23rd, cut the Soviet position into two parts, and started the siege war. One day and one night, 2000 planes were dispatched for indiscriminate bombing, and the whole city was ablaze and could be seen hundreds of miles away. In mid-September, the Germans invaded the city center. Soviet soldiers and civilians fought to the death in the ruins of every street, building and house. In the defensive war, 6.5438+0.82 million enemy troops were wiped out, which changed the balance of power. 165438+ 10/9 in the morning, the Soviet army increased its fresh troops and began to counterattack from the northwest and south, forming an "iron clamp" tightly surrounding the 330,000 German main force commanded by Boros Tamara. The "Don River" army group that rescued Hitler was also repelled. The besieged Germans were short of ammunition, hungry and cold, and in a desperate situation. The Soviets issued an ultimatum to surrender. Boros Tamara asked Hitler. Hitler ordered Boros Tamara to be promoted to field marshal, and 1 17 senior officers were promoted to one level each, which made them fight to the death. Soviet troops tightened the encirclement. 1 on February 2, 943, the besieged German army was completely annihilated, including marshal1,24 generals and more than 90,000 officers and men. This service weakened the Germans and forced them to change from strategic attack to strategic defense. Roosevelt correctly commented in his congratulatory letter to Stalin: "Stopping the wave of aggression has become a turning point in the Allied anti-aggression war."

The Battle of Midway

A campaign to turn the tide in the Pacific War. 1On May 5, 942, Japan occupied Guadalcanal Island in Solomon Islands, which was the limit of Japan's southward advance. On May 7th and 8th, the Japanese navy was frustrated in the fierce fighting in the Coral Sea. The Japanese navy's high command decided to transfer its forces to the central Pacific Ocean, seize Midway Island, and eliminate the bases promoted by the US military. Japan formed a powerful joint fleet, which was personally commanded by General Yamamoto, with Nan Yunzhong leading the first aircraft carrier fleet as the main attack. The American fleet is weak, but because it intercepted the secret message of the Japanese army and knew the Japanese army's battle plan like the back of its hand, it hid itself and waited for an opportunity to destroy the enemy. On June 3, the Japanese fleet arrived at the designated position. Nan Yunzhong ordered the first batch of 108 aircraft on the aircraft carrier to attack Midway Island. The second batch of planes were still waiting on deck, and the Japanese reconnaissance plane reported the discovery of the American fleet. All Japanese planes on deck unloaded bombs and modified torpedoes. Suddenly, 37 American dive bombers went straight to the Japanese aircraft carriers Chen Chi and Kaga. Another 17 aircraft directly attacked the black dragon. After the three ships were shot, the bombs exploded immediately on the deck, shrapnel passed through the deck, causing explosions in the depths of the hull, and three prominent behemoths sank to the bottom of the sea. Yamamoto got the news and ordered all the fleets to concentrate on attacking Midway Island for revenge. Japanese planes bombed the American aircraft carrier Jockton, but soon sank the Japanese aircraft carrier Longfei. In this campaign, the Japanese army lost four large aircraft carriers, 1 heavy cruiser, more than 400 planes and 3,500 men, including hundreds of skilled pilots. Japan has no choice but to admit that "the initiative in the Pacific has been transferred to the enemy."

Battle of El alamein

The British launched a counterattack campaign in North Africa in World War II. 1942, 10 year123 October, British general Montgomery commanded the Eighth Army (including British, Australian, New Zealand and Indian troops)195,000 men, facing about100,000 on the Alaman front west of Alexandria. The British army cleverly disguised the battle, which made the enemy misjudge its main assault direction and the start time of the battle. After the attack, the enemy headquarters was in chaos, and Rommel's deputy, General Sturm, had a heart attack and died suddenly. After Hitler got the news, Rommel, who was hospitalized due to illness, rushed back to North Africa on the 26th. Britain cut off supplies from Germany. Rommel quickly evacuated 1 100 km to Tunisia within 15 days to avoid annihilation. This campaign * * * killed more than 20,000 German and Italian troops, captured more than 30,000 people, and seized 350 tanks and 400 cannons. British troops lost 1.3 million people and more than 400 tanks. The movement turned the tide in North Africa.

Invasion of Normandy

In World War II, the Western Allies opened up the second battlefield. After the Tehran Conference, with the consent of Britain and the United States, Roosevelt appointed Eisenhower as the commander-in-chief of the Northwest European Union Expeditionary Force (the commander of the ground forces was Montgomery) and began to implement the "overlord" plan. The allied forces concentrated more than 2 million people in the army, navy and air force, as well as a large number of planes and ships. The south of England became a military camp. In order to confuse the enemy, the illusion of attacking Calais was created at the narrowest part of the English Channel. Hitler searched for material resources and manpower and built the so-called "Atlantic barrier" defense project. Rommel was appointed commander-in-chief of the group army in this area, commanding 39 divisions, among which Calais, the key fortified area, was equipped with 19 division. 1in the early morning of June 6, 944, more than 2,400 American and British transport planes and more than 800 gliders, carrying three paratroopers, landed at the designated place behind the Normandy coast. At dawn, the Allies launched a fierce bombing and shelling of the German lines in Normandy. At this moment, the fire broke out and the earth shook. The attacking troops crossed the English Channel with 4000 ships, and five divisions landed in Normandy. The Germans resisted, but were broken by the powerful offensive of the allied forces. That night, nearly 10 division troops landed with tanks and artillery, and the follow-up troops poured in, and the "Atlantic barrier" was broken. After receiving the report of allied landing, the German General Command still thought that the Normandy landing was just a feint, and concluded that the focus of allied landing was still Calais, and there was no concentrated force to counterattack the allied landing in Normandy. By July 5, 1 10,000 people had landed. Rommel went into battle with less than half of his allies. The allies moved on. On July 25, they occupied the front line of Caen-Comon-Saint-Noir, and the strategic landing point was firmly established, successfully opening up the second battlefield.

1944 ~ 1945 battlefield situation in Europe

The western front:1June, 944, the allied forces launched the Normandy landing campaign, opening up the second battlefield. On August 25th, Paris was liberated. In order to cooperate with the main attack in northwest France, the allied forces landed in southern France on August 15 and entered Lyon on September 2. In February 65438+, the Allies attacked the border between Germany and Holland and Derby. 65438+February 16, the Germans counterattacked in the Ardennes area on the Derby border, broke through the allied front and advanced rapidly 100 kilometers. As the Soviets launched a full-scale attack on the Eastern Front, the Allies gained a firm foothold and began a slow counterattack. 1in March, 945, the allied forces crossed the Rhine in many places, advanced to the hinterland of Germany, and carried out the Ruhr campaign. In mid-April, the Allies arrived in the Elbe River area.

The Eastern Front: 1944 was a decisive victory year for the Soviet Red Army. The Soviet army launched a continuous offensive against the Germans, recovered all the occupied land and began to fight across the border. 194565438+1October 12, on the 1 200 km long front from the Baltic Sea to Carpathian Mountain, the Soviet 150 division launched an all-round attack with thunderous momentum and quickly broke through the German defense line. The armies of Poland, Czech Republic, Bulgaria and Romania took part in the war against Germany. In Central Europe, with the cooperation of the Polish army, the Soviet army liberated Warsaw in June+10/October 65438+July 65438. In April, Poland was liberated. Then he crossed the Oder River and established a stronghold on the west bank of the river, opening the way to attack Berlin. In northern Europe, Soviet troops invaded East Prussia on June+10/October 65438+March 3. After fierce fighting, Konigsberg, an important fortress, was captured on April 9, and the German defenders were completely annihilated. Southern Europe, 13 February, Soviet troops captured Budapest, and on April 4, Hungary was liberated. April 13 captured Vienna. On April 16, Soviet troops began to attack Berlin. On April 25, Soviet troops withdrew in Potsdam, west of Berlin, and completed the siege of Berlin. On the same day, the Soviet Union and the Allied Forces joined forces in tolga on the west bank of the Elbe River. On May 2nd, Soviet troops occupied Berlin.

Battle of Berlin and German Surrender

1945 At the end of March and the beginning of April, German fascism was on the eve of extinction. Germany's economy is completely bankrupt, people's war-weariness and anti-war sentiment are high, and the interior is falling apart. Western allies have crossed the Rhine and advanced to the Elbe River. Soviet troops have reached the Oder-Nice River, concentrated more than 2.5 million troops, 6,250 tanks and 7,500 planes, and are ready to attack Berlin. Dying Hitler forced residents to build three defensive positions in the east of Berlin, and built three defensive circles around Berlin, gathering nearly 654.38+00000 people, 654.38+0.500 tanks and 3300 planes, clamoring to defend Berlin to the last man, and dreaming of a conflict between the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union in order to profit from it. At 5 am on April 16, 143 searchlights were directed at German positions. Thousands of Soviet guns were fired, thousands of planes bombed at the same time, and thousands of tanks rushed into the enemy lines, followed by infantry. The first line of defense was broken at dawn. After four days and nights of fierce fighting, all three lines of defense were broken and approached the Berlin defense circle. The siege of Berlin began on the 20th. On the 25th, Soviet troops surrounded Berlin. On the same day, the Soviets joined forces with the United States and Britain in tolga on the Elbe River. The whole German battlefield was thus divided into two parts. On the 27th, Soviet troops invaded the center of Berlin, and fierce street fighting began, with fierce battles in the sky, ground and underground. Crazy Hitler ordered water to be poured into the subway tunnel, drowning thousands of women, children and the wounded. Hitler also ordered the destruction of Berlin and Germany, which did not happen. On the afternoon of the 30th, the Red Army soldiers planted the flag of victory on the dome of the Reichstag in Berlin. On the same day, Hitler committed suicide in the basement of the Prime Minister's Office. It was his mistress eva braun for many years who committed suicide. They had just held a wedding the day before. Before Hitler died, he ordered his men to burn his body. Hitler's propaganda minister Goebbels poisoned his six children and ordered his men to shoot him and his wife, making a shameful sacrifice. On the morning of May 2, Berlin Yugoslav capital commander Vydrin ordered the Germans to stop resisting. On 5th, Admiral of the fleet Deng Nici, head of Nazi "government", sent General Jodl to Eisenhower's headquarters to negotiate surrender. On the 8th, presided over by Soviet Marshal zhukov, commander-in-chief who conquered Berlin, the German unconditional surrender ceremony was officially held in Berlin. At this point, Nazi Germany, which was rampant for a while, completely failed. The war in Europe is over.

Illustration "Soviet Conquest of the German Reichstag"

1945 On April 30th, Soviet infantry divisions 105 and 17 1 captured the Berlin Parliament Building. At 2 1: 50, Staff Sergeant yegorov and Corporal Kantariya raised the victory flag awarded by the Military Commission of the Group Army in the dome of the main building of the Capitol.

The situation in the middle and late Pacific War

1942 after the battle of midway in June, the United States began to take the initiative at sea. Since then, the US military has launched a counterattack in an "island-by-island manner". 1September 1942 to1February 1943, the Japanese army abandoned Guadalcanal Island in Solomon Islands after losing a large number of planes and warships. Since then, the Japanese army has gradually retreated on the entire front of the Pacific Ocean. At the end of 1943, American troops occupied the Solomon Islands and gilbert islands in the northeast. 1In the first half of 944, American troops in the southwest Pacific slowly captured New Britain and Admi Islands and took control of the northern coast of New Guinea. Occupied the Marshall Islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. 1In June, 944, the US military began to attack the Mariana Islands, which is an important base of Japan in the Pacific Ocean. Saipan, one of the main islands in the archipelago, was captured in early July, Guam was captured in early August, and the entire Mariana Islands were controlled in mid-August. 1June, 944, 10/October, American troops began to capture the Philippines. After sinking four Japanese aircraft carriers and three capital ships, it captured the whole territory of the Philippines in April 1945. From June 1944, 1 1, the U.S. air force based in Saipan began air strikes against Japan, causing serious losses to Japan. 1In March, 945, American troops captured Iojima. In April, the Japanese army began to attack Okinawa. The Japanese army used desperate barbaric tactics and sent members of kamikaze commandos to fly planes for suicide attacks. After making great sacrifices, the US military captured Okinawa in June. The allied forces of China, the United States, Britain and India fought hard against the Japanese occupation forces in Myanmar, and with the cooperation of the general uprising led by General Aung San, Myanmar was liberated in May 1945.

potsdam conference

Or the Berlin conference. The third summit of the Allies, the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain. After Germany surrendered, from July 65438 to August 2, 1945, Stalin, Truman (the successor president after Roosevelt's death) and Churchill (succeeded by newly elected Prime Minister Adrian on July 28) each led a delegation to hold a meeting in Potsdam. Due to the victory of the war against Germany, the differences and disputes between Europe and the world on how to treat Germany, arrangement and equality after the war tend to be fierce. Finally, an agreement was reached: reaffirming the spirit of the Yalta Conference; Determine the establishment of a meeting of foreign ministers of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain, China and France to prepare for the conclusion of a peace treaty; The Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and France all control Germany; German reparations, fleets and merchant fleets; A series of political and economic principles such as punishing war criminals. The Soviet Union reiterated that it would take part in the war against Japan three months after the end of the European War. The Potsdam Proclamation was also published.

the Potsdam Proclamation

The Potsdam Proclamation of China, the United States and Britain urging Japan to surrender. Drafted by the United States, Britain agreed to invite China to participate. 1945 was broadcast to the whole world during the Potsdam meeting on July 26th. On August 8 of the same year, the Soviet Union joined. Announcement *** 13, the main contents are: the allies fought against Japan until they stopped resisting; The Japanese government should immediately announce the unconditional surrender of all armed forces; The conditions of the Cairo Declaration must be implemented; After Japan surrendered, its sovereignty was limited to the islands designated by Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and its allies. The army was completely disarmed; War criminals are tried; All obstacles to people's democracy must be removed; Japan is not allowed to keep industries that can be rearmed; After the above objectives were achieved, Japan established a peace-oriented government according to the will of the people, and the allied forces immediately withdrew. The Proclamation dealt a heavy blow to the dying Japanese fascists.

Illustration "The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima"

1on August 6, 945, the United States dropped its first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan. Hiroshima has a population of 343,000 and more than 76,000 buildings. At that time, more than 78,000 people died and 510,000 people were injured and missing. More than 48,000 buildings were completely destroyed and more than 22,000 buildings were partially destroyed. On August 9, the second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Nagasaki has a population of about 270,000, with more than 23,000 people killed and 43,000 injured. The atomic bomb brought great disaster to the Japanese people. The picture shows the scene when the first atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima exploded.

The Imperial Council of the Japanese Emperor and Its Background

1945 From August 9th, Japan held the Supreme War Guidance Conference to discuss whether to accept the Potsdam Proclamation. Seven people said it should be accepted, and three people opposed it. 14 On the morning of August, the headquarters meeting was held in the air-raid shelter of the Palace. Prime Minister Suzuki talked about the recent meeting and asked the emperor to make a final ruling. Lu Haijun's two viceroy, Lu Xiang 'an, stood up one after another with tears and begged the emperor to allow them to note the Allies again, hoping that the Allies would agree to maintain the emperor system. If the allies don't allow it, they will only continue the war and survive from death. At this point, the venue was sad and silent. Finally, Emperor Hirohito made a speech and said briefly: If the war continues, the country and the nation will be destroyed, that is, the mother and son will die; If you don't fight now, you can leave a foundation for future development. When the emperor spoke, there were sobs at the meeting, and sometimes even tears streaming down his face. The militaristic invaders suffered their own consequences and ended up in a tragic end. After the emperor's speech, Prime Minister Suzuki played: Draft a truce immediately. The meeting ended at noon. The die-hards also broke into the palace that night in an attempt to snatch the recording of the emperor's broadcast imperial edict, but failed. Lu Xiang 'an, the die-hard leader, committed suicide by caesarean section at his official residence that night. At noon on August 15, the Japanese Emperor broadcasted an imperial edict accepting the Potsdam Proclamation and the unconditional surrender of the national army.

Illustration "Japanese surrender ceremony"

1945 at 9: 00 am on September 2, a grand surrender ceremony was held on the USS Missouri, which was moored in Tokyo Bay. First of all, Japanese Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru signed the surrender letter on behalf of the Japanese Emperor and the Chief of Staff of the Imperial Army, Umezu Yoshijiro, and on behalf of the Imperial Base Camp. Then, the representatives of the allied forces, General MacArthur, Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Forces, Admiral Nimitz of the United States, Admiral Xu Yongchang of China, Admiral Fleischer of the United Kingdom, Lieutenant General Jerry Viaco of the Soviet Union and representatives of Australia, Canada, France, the Netherlands and New Zealand signed in turn. At this point, the defeat and surrender of Japanese imperialism went down in history, and the anti-fascist World War II also ended in the victory of the allied forces. Casualties in World War II

During the Second World War, thousands of people were killed in battle, bombed, slaughtered, or died of disease and hunger, and the number and tragic degree were unprecedented.

According to the latest and most accurate statistics of the special committee established by 1988, 27 million people, including 8.7 million soldiers, died in the Soviet Union during more than four years of war, which was published in Journal of Modern Russian History, No.3, pp. 19 ~ 224. .

China suffered about 35 million casualties in the eight-year War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, including more than 300,000 deaths in the Nanjing Massacre alone. People's Daily, 1995, September 4th, 1 edition. .

The death toll in Poland reached more than 6 million, accounting for 22% of the country's total population at that time. The death toll in Yugoslavia exceeded 1.7 million, and 1 person in every nine people was killed. The deaths in the United States, Britain and France were 405,000, 375,000 and more than 600,000 respectively.

The victory of the world anti-fascist war was bought with the precious lives of millions of people, which deserves to be remembered by people all over the world for generations.

The Axis countries that launched the aggression also paid a very heavy price for this war: 6.5 million people died in Germany and 6.5438+0.6 million people died in Germany's servant countries in Europe. According to German official statistics, the death toll in the Soviet-German battlefield was 2.395 million, while the German death toll announced by the Soviet side was 6.9237 million (including Austria, alsace-lorraine and Sudetenland). In Japan, 2.5 million people were killed in the war.

World War I

19 14 years

On July 28th, Austria and Hungary declared war on Serbia.

On July 30th, Russia mobilized troops to support Serbia.

On July 3 1 day, Germany demanded that Russia withdraw its troops immediately, and France remained neutral in the incident.

1 In August, Germany declared war on Russia.

On August 2, the country's army occupied Luxembourg.

On August 3, Germany declared war on France

On August 4th, Germany invaded neutral Belgium.

On August 4th, Britain declared war on Germany because Belgium is very important to its national security.

12 In August, Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary.

On August 19, Austria-Hungary defeated Serbia in Cer.

On August 20th, German troops occupied Brussels.

On August 23, Japan declared war on Germany

In September, France, Britain and Russia signed a cooperation agreement to form an ally.

65438+1October 9: Antwerp, Belgium was captured by the Germans.

65438+129 October: Ottoman Turkish Empire joins the Allied Forces.

165438+1October 2: Russia declares war on Turkey.

165438+1October 5: France and Britain declare war on Turkey.

19 15

April 24: Turkey begins mass killing of Armenians.

April 25th: Commonwealth troops landed in Gallipoli Peninsula on the coast of Turkish Da Daniil Strait, and started the Battle of Gallipoli.

April 26th: Italian Secret and Allies sign the London Secret Treaty.

May 23rd: Italy declares war on Austria-Hungary.

Bulgaria declared war on Serbia and joined the armies of Germany and Austria-Hungary. Serbia was conquered after 15 months.

19 16 years

March 9: Germany declares war on Portugal.

August 27th: Romania declares war on Austria-Hungary.

August 28th: Italy declares war on Germany.

September 15: Battle of the Somme-Every time we advance 1cm, two people will die.

19 17

February 24th: U.S. Ambassador to Britain Walter H. Page received a telegram from zimmermann, saying that if Mexico declared war on the United States, Germany would help to return the southwestern United States to Mexico.

April 6: The United States declares war on Germany.

June 27th: Greece joins the Allies.

August 14: China declares war on Germany.

65438+1October 26th: Brazil declares war on Germany.

65438+February 7: The United States declares war on Austria-Hungary.

19 18

March 3: The Brest Peace Treaty is signed, and Russia withdraws from the war.

August: Spanish flu broke out simultaneously in Boston, Bryce and Freetown.

65438+1October 30th: Turkey surrenders.

165438+1October 3: Austria-Hungary surrendered to Italy.

165438+1October 1 1: Germany signed an armistice agreement, ending the First World War.